Final Exam Review Flashcards
"Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society" by Mary Ann Lamanna and Agnes Riedmann Chapter 10: Raising Children in a Diverse Society Chapter 11: Work and Family Chapter 12: Communication in Relationships, Marriages, and Families Chapter 13: Power and Violence in Families Chapter 14: Family Stress, Crisis, and Resilience Chapter 15: Divorce: Before and After Chapter 16: Remarriages and Stepfamilies Chapter 17: Aging Families
True or False: Fathers typically engage in more hands-on parenting and take primary responsibility for children.
False
Mothers tend to engage in more hands-on parenting than do fathers and take primary responsibility for children.
True or False: Research shows that spanking is usually more effective than timeouts.
False
Recent research shows that spanking is not usually more effective than timeouts.
True or False: Recent research shows that corporeal punishment does not generally have effects on children.
False
Recent research shows that corporeal punishment has generally negative effects.
The transition to parenthood is more difficult than the transition to worker or spouse. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for this?
A. Parenting is more challenging than work roles or spousal roles.
B. Cultural pressure encourges adults to become parents even though they may not really want to.
C. Most parents approach parentinng with little or no experience in child care.
D. Adjusting to parenthood necessitates changes in the couple’s relationship.
A. Parenting is more challenging than work roles or spousal roles.
The transition to parenthood is more difficult than the transition to worker or spouse because cultural pressure encourages adults to become parents even though they may not really want to, because most parents approach parenting with little or no experience in child care, and because adjusting to parenthood necessitates changes in the couple’s relationship.
___________________ parents would agree with the statements “I communicate rules clearly and directly,” “ I consider my child’s wishes and opinions along with my own when making decisions,” and “I expect my child to act independently at an age-appropriate level.”
Authoritative
Authoritative Parenting Style is considered positive parenting. Authoritative parents are warm, fair, and firm. They combine emotional nurturing and support with conscientious parental direction.
True or False: Even though Alice Rossi asserts that the transition to parenthood is difficult, a study of low-income black families found that mothers who were more pleased about their pregnancy were less likely to view parenting as burdensome.
True
Even though Alice Rossi asserts that the transition to parenthood is difficult, a study of low-income black families found that mothers who were more pleased about their pregnancy were less likely to view parenting as burdensome.
Which type of power refers to the ability of people to exercise their wills over the wills of others?
Social Power
Social Power refers to the ability of people to exercise their wills over the wills of others.
Which of the following is NOT one of the bases, or sources, of power discussed in the text?
A. Informational
B. Referent
C. Legitimate
D. Sexual
D. Sexual
Sexual is NOT one of the bases, or sources, of power discussed in the text.
Informational, referent, and legitimate are all bases, or sources, of power discussed in the text.
Which of the following is NOT a reason given for why women continue to live with abuse?
A. Love
B. Waiting to take revenge
C. Childhood experiences
D. Gendered socialization
B. Waiting to take revenge
Waiting to take revenge is NOT one of the reasons given for why women continue to live with abuse.
Love, childhood experinces, and generded socialization are all reasons given for why women continue to live with abuse.
________________ involves a parent’s often being overly harsh and critical, failing to provide guidance, or being uninterested in a child’s needs.
Emotional child abuse or neglect
Emotional child abuse or neglect involves a parent’s often being overly harsh and critical, failing to provide guidance, or being uninterested in a child’s needs.
True or False: Despite changing attitudes among couples and media portrayals of two-earner couples who share housework, women in fact continue to do more of it.
True
Despite changing attitudes among couples and media portrayals of two-earner couples who share housework, women in fact continue to do more of it.
Gradually throughout the twentieth century, American society moved from an industrial economic base that manufactured products to a postindustrial configuration that:
A. Transmits information and offers other services
B. Focuses only on profits
C. Emphasizes aerospace industries
D. Is most concerned with global commerce
A. Transmits information and offers other services
Gradually throughout the twentieth century, American society moved from an industrial economic base that manufactured products to a postindustrial configuration that transmits information and offers other services.
The ______________ suggest that one spouse’s household labor is a consequence of her or his resources compared to those of the other.
Resource Hypothesis
The resource hypothesis suggest that one’s spouse’s household labor is a consequence of her or his resources compared to those of the other.
In the _____________ approach, career-oriented couples hire other people to care for their children.
Market
In the market approach, career-oriented couples hired other people to care for their children.
The emotional bonding of family members is referred to as family ___________.
Cohesion
The emotional bonding of family members is referred to as family cohesion.
When a person expresses anger at someone but does so indirectly rather than directly, that behavior is called ___________.
Passive-Aggression
When a person expresses anger at someone but does so indirectly rather than directly, that behavior is called passive-aggression.
Which of the following is NOT one of the “rules for a successful relationship,” as discussed in the text?
A. Be willing to challenge your partner’s demands and question his/her shortcomings.
B. Share more about yourself with your partner than you do with any other person.
C. Express your love materially.
D. Do not take your relationship for granted.
A. Be willing to challenge your partner’s demands and question his/her shortcomings
“Be willing to challenge your partner’s demands and question his/her shortcomings” is NOT one of the “rules for a successful relationship,” as discussed in the text.
Sharing more about yourself with your partner than you do with any other person, expressing your love materially, and not taking your relationship for granted are all “rules for successful relationships” as discussed in the text.
Contempt, criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling are all examples of what social psychologist John Gottman referred to as the ________________________.
Four Horseman of the Apocalypse.
Contempt, criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling are all examples of what social psychologist John Gottman referred to as the Four Horseman of the Apocalypse.
The text points out that a family member’s injury or illness or a death in the family is a source of family ____________.
Stress
The text points out that a family member’s injury or illness, or a death in the family is a source of family stress.
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of stressors examined in the text?
A. Daily family hassles
B. Demoralizing events
C. Conflict over family roles
D. Gradual change
D. Gradual Change
Gradual change is NOT one of the types of stressors examined in the text.
Daily family hassles, demoralizing events, and conflict over family roles ARE all types of stressors examined in the text.
The ____________________ focuses on how external factors can result in family crisis.
A. Family Systems Perspective
B. Family Ecology Perspective
C. Family Conflict Perspective
D. Family Externals Perspective
B. Family Ecology Perspective
The Family Ecology Perspective focuses on how external factors can result in family crisis.
One model discussed in the text argues that spouses weigh their marital happiness against alternatives to the marriage as well as barriers to divorce. This design is derived from with theoretical perspective?
Exchange Theoretical Perspective
One model discussed in the text argues that spouses weigh their marital happiness against alternatives to the marriage as well as barriers to divorce. This design is derived from the exchange theoretical perspective.
True or False: Remaining child-free is associated with a higher likelihood of divorce.
True
Remaining child-free is associated with a higher likelihood of divorce.
True or False: Having parents who divorced does not increase the likelihood of divorcing.
False
Having parents who divorced does increase the likelihood of divorcing.
Experts agree that adjusting to divorce is easier for children and parents when former spouses _____________.
Cooperate
Experts agree that adjusting to divorce is easier for children and parents when former spouses cooperate.
True or False: Perhaps the most significant factor in the comparative instability of remarriages is the presence of stepchildren.
True
The most significant factor in the comparative instability of remarriages is the presence of stepchildren.
According to the text, recognizing that homogamy increases the likelihood of marital stability, we might hypothesize that divorced people tended more toward ___________ than nondivorced people the first time around and that they repeat or accentuate this tendenct when they remarry.
Heterogamy
According to the text, recognizing that homogamy increases the likelihood of marital stability, we might hypothesize that divorced people tended more toward heterogamy than nondivorced people the first time around and that they repeat or accentuate this tendency when they remarry.
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the seven-stage model of family development?
A. Fantasy
B. Fear
C. Action
D. Contact
B. Fear
Fear is NOT one of the stages in the seven-stage model of family development.
Fantasy, Action, and Contact ARE stages in the seven-stage model of family development.
True or False: Health costs are rising, but health insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid are predicted to keep up.
False
Health costs are rising, but health insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid are NOT predicted to keep up.
True or False: As America ages, providing eldercare has become a central feature of American family life.
True
As America ages, providing eldercare has become a central feature of American family life.
The text points out that adults’ relationships with their parents can be classified in one of five ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
A. Sociable
B. Intimate but distant
C. Economic
D. Tight-knit
C. Economic
The text points out that adults’ relationships with their parents can be classified in one of five ways, icluding sociable, intimate but distant, and tight-knit.
A(n) _____________ type of intergenerational relations consists of adult children being engaged with their parents on emotional closeness and similarity of opinion, but not based on geographic proximity, frequency of contact, providing assisstance, and receving assistance.
Intimate But Distant
Intimate but distant type of intergenerational relations consists of adult children being engaged with their parents on emotional closeness and similarity of opinions, but not based on geographic proximity, frequenct of contact, providing assistance, and receiving assistance.
Define spanking.
Spanking refers to hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury.
What precentage of the homeless population are children?
25%
Partly as a resuly of changes to welfare laws, approximately 40% of the homeless are mother and children, with children under age 18 making up one quarter of the homeless.
Describe seven reasons why the transition to parenthood and assuming the parent role is more difficult than the transition to other adult roles, such as worker or spouse, based on criteria presented by social scientiest Alice Rossi.
Using Rossi’s criteria the transition to parenthood and assuming the parent role is more difficult than the transition to other adult roles, such as worker or spouse, because:
- Many parents approach child rearing with little experience
- Parents have less time availible for relaxation and leisure time
- Babies interrup parent’s sleep
- Babies interrup parent’s work
- Babies upset schedules
- More than in past generations, parents are geographically distant from their own parents and other relatives who might be able to give advice and help
- New mothers may report feeling disconnected and isolated from their friends
Describe the Paradox of Parenting that a new parent typically goes through during the transition to parenthood.
Becoming a new parent typically involves the Paradox of Parenting, when new parents feel overwhelmed, but the motivation to overcome their stress and do their best proceeds from the stressor itself–the child as a source of love, joy, and satisfaction.
True or False: For couples, the transition to parenting means more time spent relaxing together and increases in their emotional and sexual relationship.
False
For couples, the transition to parenting means LESS time spent relaxing together and DECLINES in their emotional and sexual relationship.
True or False: Studies show that dual income couples in the transition to parenthood found that a mother’s working irregular, evening or night shifts, rather than regularly scheduled day shifts increased her stress and added to the couple’s relationship conflict.
True
Studies show that dual income couples in the transition to parenthood found that a mother’s working irregular, evening or night shifts, rather than regularly scheduled day shifts, increased her stress and added to the couple’s relationship conflict.
For couples, the transition to parenting means that employed mothers with established _______________ relationships with husbands may find their role becoming more traditional.
Egalitarian
For couples, the transition to parenting means that employed mothers with established egalitarian relationships with husbands may find their role becoming more traditional.
True or False: For couples, the transition to parenting means that couples who have been less focused on the romantic quality of their relationship may find the tansition more difficult.
False
For couples, the transition to parenting means that couples who had been MORE focused on the romantic quality of their relationship may find the transition more difficult.
How can the quality of a couple’s relationship prior to parenthood effect their transition into the parenting roles?
If the relationship was high quality prior to parenthood, the transition into the parenting roles will be easier.
It is known that many fathers are more involved with parenting than in the past. How does this situation impact the marital satisfaction and the level of the parent’s confidence?
It is know that many fathers are more involved with parenting than in the past. This situation INCREASES the marital satisfaction and INCREASES the level of the parent’s confidence. This makes the transition into parenthood easier.
True or False: Along with other factors, the difficulty associated with a new baby results in postpartum depression in about 10% of new mothers.
True
Along with other factors, the difficultly associated with a new baby results in postpartum depression in about 10% of new mothers.
True or False: The transition to parenthood can be made easier when the new parents feel supported by family and freinds, and positive adjustment does typically take place.
True
The transition to parenthood can be made easier when the new parents feel supported by family and friends, and positive adjustment does typically take place.
True or False: When a new mother’s expectations are met concerning how much support she will recieve from others and/or how much her partner will be involved with the baby, the transition to parenthood is easier.
True
When a new mother’s expectations are met concerning how much support she will recieve from others and/or how much her partner will be involved with the baby, the transition to parenthood is easier.
What are the three parenting styles described by Diana Baumrind?
The three parenting styles described by psychologist Diana Baumrind are Authoritarian Parenting Style, Permissive Parenting Style, and Authoritative Parenting Style.
Which type of parenting style is characterized by parents who are low on emotional warmth and nurturing?
Authoritarian Parenting Style
The Authoritarian Parenting Style is characterized by parents who are low on emotional warmth and nuturing.
Which type of parenting style is characterized by parents who are low on parental direction or control?
Permissive Parenting Style
The permissive parenting style is characterized by parents who are low on parental direction or control.
