Final Exam Review

Question 1

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 1

Energy cannot be created or Destroyed

Question 2

How do Pigments absorb and reflect light?

Answer 2

Light is absorbed when light is not reflected or refracted

Question 3

Energy

Answer 3

The ability to do Work

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process of an Heterotroph organism making its own food from sunlight and water 6CO2+6H2O=C6H12O6+6O2

Question 5

Conservation of Energy

Answer 5

Energy cannot be created or destroyed (First Law of Thermodynamics)

Question 6

Autotroph

Answer 6

An organism that makes its own energy

Question 7

Heterotroph

Answer 7

An organism that gains energy from consuming other organisms to gain their energy

Question 8

Metabolism

Answer 8

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 9

Catabolic Reactions

Answer 9

Break down larger, more complex molecules into smaller molecules

Question 10

Anabolic Reactions

Answer 10

Build up smaller molecules into bigger molecules

Question 11

Cellular Respiration

Answer 11

A set of metabolic reactions that converts biochemical reactions into energy

Question 12

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 12

A compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups

Question 13

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 13

The breakage of one phosphate group to provide energy

Question 14

Light

Answer 14

The natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible

Question 15

Pigments

Answer 15

The natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue

Question 16

Chlorophyll

Answer 16

The green pigment found in plants

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place

Question 18

Thylakoid

Answer 18

The flattened sac found in the chloroplast

Question 19

Stroma

Answer 19

The supportive tissue inside the Chloroplast

Question 20

Light Dependent Reactions

Answer 20

The process of converting light and water into glucose and oxygen (Photosynthesis)

Question 21

Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Answer 21

The process of converting Carbon Dioxide into energy and oxygen

Question 22

Electron Transport chain

Answer 22

A series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors

Question 23

Water

Answer 23

The liquid compound (H2O) that helps organisms survive

Question 24

NADPH

Answer 24

used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent

Question 25

ATP Synthase

Answer 25

Creates ATP

Question 26

Calorie

Answer 26

A unit of energy and is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C

Question 27

Anaerobic

Answer 27

Relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

Question 28

NADH

Answer 28

A type of energy that is involved in Photosynthesis

Question 29

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Answer 29

The compound that plants breath in

Question 30

Glycolysis

Answer 30

The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Question 31

Krebs Cycle

Answer 31

The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration

Question 32

FADH2

Answer 32

Donates electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 33

Aerobic

Answer 33

requiring free oxygen

Question 34

NAD+

Answer 34

A coenzyme found in all living cells

Question 35

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 35

Occurs as an intermediate in many metabolic processes, especially glycolysis

Question 36

Mitochondrial Matrix

Answer 36

It is where the citric acid cycle takes place

Question 37

Mitochondria

Answer 37

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur

Question 38

Genes

Answer 38

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring

Question 39

Homologous chromosome

Answer 39

A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis

Question 40

Gamete

Answer 40

A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote

Question 41

Haploid

Answer 41

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 42

Fertilization

Answer 42

The process of fertilizing an egg involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Question 43

Diploid

Answer 43

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 44

Traits

Answer 44

A distinguishing quality or characteristic

Question 45

Sexual reproduction

Answer 45

A male and female performing sexual intercourse to produce offspring

Question 46

Asexual reproduction

Answer 46

A single cellular organism that splits in half to make offspring

Question 47

Gregor Mendel

Answer 47

Founder of the modern science of genetics

Question 48

Genetics

Answer 48

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

Question 49

Allele

Answer 49

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

Question 50

Law of Segregation

Answer 50

During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

Question 51

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 51

Where the genetic information is held

Question 52

Nucleotides

Answer 52

A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA

Question 53

Deoxyribose sugar (5-carbon sugar)

Answer 53

Deoxyribose is a key building block of DNA

Question 54

Purines

Answer 54

A colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming uric acid on oxidation

Question 55

Pyrimidines

Answer 55

A colorless crystalline compound with basic properties