Final Exam Review Flashcards
The female gametophyte of a conifer…
a. lives its whole life inside the female cone
b. is a diploid plant
c. is produced by fertilization
d. is surrounded by a seed coat
A. Lives its whole life inside the female cone
To which Group do “Amoebas” belong?
A. Apicomplexa
B. Euglenoids
C. Kinetoplastids
D. they are a general cell type found in several groups
E. Recently moved into the Fungi, no longer a protist
D. General cell type, found in several groups
The Apicomplexan Plasmodium must adapt to which two different habitats? A. Avian host and human host B. Mosquito host and human host C. Terrestrial and land D. freshwater and marine
B. Mosquito host and human host
Which innovation was responsible for plants to colonizing land? A. Alternation of generations B. Chlorophyll C. Protected Embryo D. Sex
C. Protected Embryo
Which is true of non-vascular plants? A. Usually less than 5 cm tall B. Possess very small seeds C. Lack a diploid stage D. Some of the newest phyla of plants
A. Usually less than 5 cm tall
When is the season for making Maple Syrup finished? A. Air temp exceeds 16 C B. Tree has used up the sugar C. Buds open up D. Seeds released
C. Buds open up
Sap collected from Maple trees, is made into syrup by.. A. Boiling to evaporate water B. Boiling to convert sugars C. Filtering out residues D. Distillation
A. Boiling water to evaporate water
What is happening to the levels of CO2 on Earth, in recent decades?
A. Going up because of loss of Ozone layer
B. Going up because of burning of fossil fuels, land use changes etc
C. Stabilized, at last
D. Nearly the levels before the Industrial Revolution
B. Going up because of burning fossil fuels, land use changes
The most important cause of today's mass extinction is.. A. Habitat loss B. Invasive species C. Overharvest D. Atmospheric chemistry
A. Habitat loss
Plants start as a seed, lives just one year
Annual
Plant drops needles continuously, not a big drop in Autumn
Evergreen
Microbes able to obtain energy from inorganic substances and no sunlight needed
Chemoautotroph
This whip-like extension of cell allows movement
Flagellum
Algae have a shape like long strands…resemble hair or perhaps “green snot”
Filamentous
Sits in one spot, often attached to something solid
Sessile
These scouring rush are abrasive due to silica in stems; may look like a horse’s tail
Sphenophyta
Really big trees, in some cases; yet produce no flowers
Coniferophyta
Plants, but not green plants
Rhodophyta
Cells build a carbonate structure, deposited over time to form limestone rock formation
Foraminifera
Slime mold made of a mass lacking cell walls; cytoplasm sort of flows around body
Myxomycota (Plasmodial)
Sporophyte looks like a red or brown candy cane, rising out of large green gametophyte
Bryophyta
Cells make little glass house which preserves really well after cell dies
Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
Often green; often swim; but can also be red and crawl
Euglenids (Euglenozoa)
Embryo encased in a special protective and sensory coating
Seed
Ripened ovary wall, and anything inside or attached
Fruit
Describe the specific anatomy and physiology processes that a tall tree uses to pull water from soil up to great height
Capillary action: adhesions (stick to walls) & cohesion (molecule sticking together)
Evaporation
Diagram a Paramecium both in conjugation and fission: Explain what is accomplished in each
Fission: Asexual, new offspring produced by pinching at the middle, ploidy does not change due to no recombination of genes
Conjugation: sexual process, recombination of genes produce new offspring, policy changes from haploid to diploid, zygote with 2 different genes
Describe the alternation of generations in land plants. Include generation, ploidy, cell division or joining
Sporophyte to spore through meiosis, mitosis to get gametophyte, meiosis to get gamete fusion to get zygote then restart using mitosis (2n=sporophyte)
Describe double fertilization. Including policy and structures formed in the process
Involves two sperm cells; one fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote, while the other fuses with the two polar nuclei that form the endosperm. Diploid embryo triploid endosperm
How do current extinction rates compare to normal, background extinction rates?
Extinction rates are increasing due to habitat loss, over harvesting, invasive species and climate change
How does iowa compare for biodiversity preservation?
Iowa is a large area for extinction due to the great loss of what once was prairies and is now used for farming and the formation of cities
Some dinosaurs took six months or more to develop in the egg, we know this because
We can examine growth rings on the teeth of fossilized embryonic dinosaurs
Unlike physicists, who search for a grand theory to tie together various observations and ideas, biologists
Have a unifying theory; evolution
What would explain the relative numbers of cottonwood species, compared to oak species in our area
Oak seeds have pore dispersal ability; so oaks should have more species
All cells replicate DNA semiconservatively. What can be inferred from this?
All organisms share a common ancestor
A difference between fungal mutualism with plant roots vs a similar bacterial mutualism is
Bacteria actually synthesize a new chemical compound providing it to the plant
Lateral gene transfer is important because
It complicates drawing accurate phylogenetic trees
Which prokaryote is most likely found in a termite gut or cow’s stomach?
Euryarchaeota methanogens