final exam review Flashcards
authoritarian parenting
where parents establish the rules and expect children to follow them at all times
democratic parenting
parents have rules that kids are expected to follow however they give reasoning for the rules and consider children’s feelings.
adult centered
leaves children with a babysitter a lot, not involved in sports, etc.
equalitarian
parents are equal 50/50
child centered home
home life resolves around their children
history of childhood
children were viewed as small adults and expected to act as such
why was infant mortality high before 20th century?
less modern medicine, didn’t know much about babies or children in general
how were children seen before the 20th century?
as small adults
immunization before the 20th century
poor, not as many, less modern medicine
ovulation
when a woman releases an egg, most likely to be pregnant
conception
when sperm meets egg
prenatal
while baby is in moms belly
trimesters
9 months of pregnancy broken into 3 groups
period of the zygote/ovum
- first stage
- lasts about 2 weeks
- size of a pinhead
period of fetus
- last stage
- 8/9 week to birth
prenatal nutrition
important to help with proper development of the baby and good health for mom
amniotic sac
protects the baby during pregnancy
amniotic fluid
clear fluid that surrounds the baby
placenta
holds baby
uterus
holds the baby
ovaries
holds the eggs
egg, ovum, ova
female sex cell
sperm
male sex cell
nutrients needed during pregnancy
protein, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbs
cervix
bottom of uterus
testes
holds male sex cells
umbilical cord
gives nutrients to unborn child through mom
vernix
white, waxy substance, protects babies skin from amniotic fluid
lanugo
tiny hairs that protects the baby’s skin
quickening
when mom feels the baby kick
premature
when a baby is born 36 weeks gestation
permissive parenting
where parents don’t offer much discipline
lightening
baby drops to prepare for birth
complications during pregnancy
anything that can go wrong during pregnancy
ex: bleeding, early contractions
obstetrician
doctor that focus on pregnancy and childbirth
pediatrician
doctor that works with kids
fetal position
the position the baby is in inside the belly
episiotomy
incision in vaginal wall to make it easier for the baby to come out
dilation
moms cervix gets larger when baby is ready to come out
forceps
(look like tongs). can help pull baby out if stuck during vaginal delivery
breech
the the baby is any way other then head first when birthing
signs of pregnancy
- missed period
- cramping
- morning sickness
- moodiness
- drowsiness
- fatigue
gestation period
266 days-280 days
gynecologist
doctor that deals with health of female reproductive system
identical twins
develop from the same zygote, then split into 2 embryos
conjoined twins
happens when the zygote did not split into two embryos
fraternal twins
developed from 2 different eggs, fertilized by 2 different sperm cells
mirror twins
when twins are have opposite personalities, likes, dislikes, etc.
ultrasound
shows what the baby looks like inside the moms belly. can tell gender, sound waves, shows birth defects
amniocentesis
can determine if the baby has any birth defects, uses amniotic fluid, big needle
signs of labor
- contractions that are close together
- water breaks
dilation stage
- baby moves down to lower pelvis to prepare for birth
- contractions are strong and frequent
- longest stage of labor
expulsion stage
- contractions are 2-4 mins apart
- baby is born
placental stage
- little to no discomfort
- lasts from 2 mins to 30 mins
- births the placenta
contractions
- water breaking
- dilation of cervix
lamaze
focused on controlled breathing, gives mom confidence during child birth
rooming in
when the baby stays in the same hospital room as mom
cesarean section
- c section
- cuts mom open
- takes a long time to recover
birthing center
births baby in presence of doula or coaches
anesthesia
optional, makes delivery not as painful for mom
LeBoyer
- way you can give birth to your baby
- calm, quiet environment
- natural birth
fontanel
soft spots on baby’s head
environmental effects on baby
if mom smokes or drinks, if dad smokes around mom
defective genes
carry trait for birth defect
recessive genes
gets beat out by the dominant gene
hereditary
can be passed down
from generations
dominant
dominant gene
carrier
has traits for birth defects and can pass on
effects of smoking on baby
- stillbirth, premature birth
- low birth weight
- brain damage
XX
male chromosome
XY
female chromosome
chromosome
package containing DNA
genes
basic function of heredity
birth defects
any physical or cognitive disability
rubella
german measles, causes blindness
cerebral palsy
motor system disorders. lack of coordination, stiffness, jerkiness, difficulty in speech, paralysis
cystic fibrosis
functional defect that involves the respiratory and digestive systems, many die before reaching adulthood
sickle cell anemia
malformed red blood cells
hemophilia
blood doesnt clot
FAS
fetal alcohol syndrome
PKU
baby cant digest specific protein, if they do they will get brain damage
FAE
fetal alcohol effect. not as severe as FAS
syphilis
STD, malformations
gonorrhea
STD
genetic counseling
tests mom and does to see if they carry a birth effect
infertility counseling
done by tests to figure out why mom cant get pregnant
babbling
baba, mama
expressive jargon
keeps taking, doesnt understand what theyre saying
toy safety
no small parts, sharp edges
toy selection
age of child, brand
teeth
20 full/primary set
what is quality of teeth affected by?
brushing, flossing
invitro fertilization
test tube baby
egocentric
baby thinks its all about them
dexterity
using both hands at once
goal of discipline
to teach child right from wrong
