Final Exam Review Flashcards
What negative consequences to American society did Carnegie cause?
Destroyed other American businesses
Supplied low income to other families
What positive contributions did Carnegie have towards American society?
Boasted economy
Helped railroad production
Provided jobs and steel for America
What economic innovations helped Rockefeller help the US expand?
Standard oil
Made oil
Created monopolies and trusts (united with other businesses illegally)
What negative consequences did Rockefeller cause in American society?
Destroyed other American businesses
What positive contributions did Rockefeller have on American society?
Boasted economy
Provided oil and jobs
Nativism
People who only liked native born people not foreigners
New immigrants
People who traveled a great distance to come to America for jobs, money, freedom, etc.
Many native born America’s resented the new immigrants for what economic reasons?
They were taking their jobs because they worked for lower wages.
Many native born Americans resented the new immigrants for what social and religious reasons?
Some of them weren’t Christian
They believed immigrants were beneath them
Chinese exclusion act of 1907
Japan was limited of unskilled workers entry into the US
Corporation
Large business
Robber baron
A ruthlessly powerful us capitalist/industrialist of the late 19th century considered to have become wealthy by exploiting natural resources, corrupting legislators, or other unethical means
Laissez faire
Allow to do ( part of social Darwinism)
Social Darwinism
An economic and social philosophy supposedly based in the biologist Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection holding that a system of untrained competition will ensue the survival of the fittest.
What factors were responsible for the rapid industrial growth in the late 1800s?
Growing market
Creative ideas
Natural resources
What economic innovations helped us industry expand for Andrew Carnegie?
Developed steel
Vertical and horizontal integration (buying out competitors and suppliers)
Plessy vs. ferguson 1896
A case in which the Supreme Court ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal, thus establishing the separate but equal doctrine
Inflation
An increase in prices or decline in purchasing power caused by an increase in the supply of money
Bryan
Populist candidate in the 1896 election who lost to republican McKinley; said famous speech The Cross of Gold
Populist party
Political party that believed that people have a greater voice in the govt. and seeking to advance the interests of farmers and laborers
Why was overproduction a problem for the American farmer in the 1890s?
It ruined the soil, and no one needed much food, so it was wasted.
What did Bryan promise to do during the election campaign of 1896?
He promised the silver standard (more money in circulation for more people, bymetalism, value of money decreases, protects lower class, and prices rise).
Trust
Illegal mergers to gain control of businesses and strike it rich
Suffrage
Right to vote
Initiative
A procedure by which a legislative measure can be originated by the people rather than by lawmakers
Referendum
A procedure by which a proposed legislative measure can be submitted to a vote of the people.
Recall
A procedure for removing a public official for office by a vote of the people
Muckraker
One of the magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side if business and public life in the early 1900s.
Nationalism
A devotion to the interests and culture of ones nation.
Militarism
The policy of building up armed forces in aggressive preparedness for war and their use as a tool of diplomacy.
Alliances
A formal agreement or union between nations
What event lead to the fighting of WWI in 1914?
The assassination of Franz fernandid
What was the US,s reaction to WWI?
Stay neutral
What event lead to the US entry into WWI in 1917?
The Zimmerman note or a message sent in 1917 by the german foreign minister to the ambassador in Mexico proposing a German mexican alliance and promising to help Mexico regain NM and AZ if the US entered WWI.
How did the US entree into WWI affect African Americans?
Caused the great migration, which was when AA moved north for job opportunity.
How did the US entree into WWI affect immigrants?
Banned to enter due to danger
Immigrants in America were treated worse due to war with their country
How did the US entree into WWI affect women?
Women took he men’s job as they went off to war, this gave them a chance to step
Why were the espionage (1917) and sedition act (1918) passed?
This way no one would get away with speaking badly about the war because thy would be punished.
Why did the Supreme Court uphold the espionage and sedition acts in the case of Schneck vs. US?
Schneck spoke badly about US and WWI in order to convict him they needed to use this acts to provoke his free of speech.
What did president Wilson’s 14 points say about secret alliances and treaties?
They were not allowed
What did president Wilson’s 14 points say about freedom of the seas?
They should be maintained for all.
What did president Wilson’s 14 points say about arms reduction?
They should be reduced to the lowest possible, so they have backup.
What did president Wilson’s 14 points say about self determination?
They lead to boundary changes due to distinct ethnical groups that were to form their own nation or stated or decide for themselves where they wanted to go.
What did president Wilson’s 14 points say about a League of Nations?
It should be made to provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without acing to resort to war.
The Allies feared the rise of Germany and wished to punish her. How was this achieved in the Treaty of Versailles?
They had to pay for damages (reparations)
Barred from maintaining an army
Many Americans feared that the League of Nations would entangle the US in future foreign wars who led the opposition to passage of the Treaty of Versailles?
Henry Lodge
What was the inal verdict regarding US support of the League of Nations?
Americans didn’t support it, so the US never joined, however it was still created.
Sacco and Vanzetti trial
Anarchists (people who believed in no form of government) who were killed after being set on trail of a theft that had very little evidence.
Red scare
Fear of communists
Quota system
A system that sets limits on how many immigrants from various countries a nation will admit each year
Flappers
Women with short skirts and shorter hair who had money and liked to have fun in the 1920s.
Scopes trial
A sensational 1925 court case in which the biology teacher John T. Scopes was tried for challenging a TE law that outlawed the teaching of evolution.
Lost Generation
Literary movement that focused on sadness darkness, and at life is meaningless, impacted by WWI
Harlem Renaissance
A flowering of AA artistic creativity during the 1920s, centered in the Harlem community in NYC
Margin Buying
Buying securities with cash borrowed from a broker
Credit Purchases
Bought using credit or money they didn’t have, and they planned to pay later
Why did the Stock Market Crash bring an end to the prosperity of the 1920s?
They owed credit and didn’t have money
Dust bowl
The region, including TX, OK, KA, CO, and NM, that was made worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930s.
Bonus army
A group of WWI veterans and their families who marched in Washington DC, in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of a bonus they had been promised for military service.
Hoovervilles
Slanty towns that had nothing
New Deal
Plan for fighting the Great Depression using the government by using the 3 R’s
3 R’s
US needs this to overcome the Great Depression
Relief
Direct assistance to people in need (short term)
Recovery
Getting American businesses back to normal; economy
Reform
Changing laws to prevent another Great Depression (long term)
Who did the National Industrial Recovery Act help?
American Businesses
What kind of organization was the National Industrial Recovery Act?
Recovery
Who was the Agricultural Adjustment Act help?
Farmers
What kind of organization was the Agricultural Adjustment Act?
Relief
Who did the Securities Exchange commission help?
Stock holders
What kind of organization was the Securities Exchange Commission?
Reform
Who did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. help?
People with money in the bank
What kind of organization was the Civilian Conservation Co. And Works Progress Administration?
Relief
What kind of organization is the federal deposit insurance corporation?
Reform
Who does the civilian conservation co. And works progress administration help?
Young men and unskilled workers
Who does the national labor relations act help?
Working class
What kind of organization is the national labor relations act?
Recovery
Who does the social securities act help?
Elderly and injured workers
What kind of organization is the social securities act?
Reform
Appeasement
The granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace
Lend-lease act
A law passed in 1941, that allowed the US to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting in the Axis powers
Bilizkrieg
Lightning war
Island hopping
Crossing on ocean by a series of jumps between islands
Yalta agreement
FDR, Stalin, Churchill plan final stages of WWII and agree to the territorial division of Europe
In what ways were the German Nazis and the Japanese militarists similar?
A. Both were dictatorships
B. both conquered nations
C. Both despised common rivals
What was the League of Nations reaction to the military aggression of the japanese and Germans in the late 1930s?
They couldn’t control it so it lead to appeasement, which was appealing to a countries likes to prevent conflict
What was the Munich Agreement in 1938?
The pact signed by Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy of Sept. of 1938, to settle the crisis over Czechoslovakia, by which the some land was ceded to Germany.
How did the Munich Agreement contribute to the starting of WWII?
It gave in to Germany giving them power and greed
What event led to the starting of WWII in 1939?
Hitler invaded Poland
Why was the US reaction to WWII?
Stay neutral
What event led to the starting of the US’s entry into WWII?
Bombing at pearl harbor in 1941
How did the US entry into WWII affect consumers?
Created jobs and people need war supplies
How did the US entry into WWII affect women?
They had the right to enlist and hold skilled jobs
How did the US entry into WWII affect African Americans?
They could enlist
Why were Japanese-Americans relocated from the west coast to concentration camps?
Fear of betrayal and attack
Genocide
The deliberation and systematic extermination of racial, political, or cultural group
16th amendment
Congress has power to lay and collect taxes on incomes
Tax reform
17th amendment
Direct election of senators
Reform tainted voting
18th amendment
Banning alcohol
Reform prohibition and moral values
19th amendment
Women’s right to vote
Reform suffrage
What factors aided the passage of the women’s suffrage amendment?
Determination and campaigns
Media
14th amendment
WWI
What factors led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act?
The jungle
Health concerns
Why were presidents Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt considered progressive presidents?
Legality and mortality
Reform
Examples of issues or causes that Wilson and teddy Roosevelt promoted during their presidencies.
Prohibition
No child labor
Moral and social welfare
Imperialism
The policy of extending a nations authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means
Yellow journalism
The use of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers
Spanish-American War
A war between Spain and the US in 1898, as a result of which Spain ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, and Guam to the US and abandoned all claim to Cuba,which became independent in 1902.
Philippine Insurrections
War between the US and the Philippines in 1899-1902 due to the Philippines not gaining their independence after the Spanish American War. Bloody battle which the Americans win.
Roosevelt Corollary
An extension of the Monroe doctrine announced by T. Roosevelt in 1904, under which the US claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations.
Open door policy
Roosevelt’s policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
Big stick policy
Roosevelt’s foreign policy to use ones assets to intimidate opponents rather than ones words
Because the Supreme Court declared several key new deal programs to be unconstitutional, what did president Franklin D. Roosevelt ask Congress to do?
He planned to add more justices to the US Supreme Court to dilute the votes of the justices who opposed new deal legislation. Drafted the judiciary reorganization bill.
What was the outcome of this separation of powers struggle?
It angered the people who considered the separation harmful
Cuba
Break away from Spain US wants to get control, but Cuba fights back
Philippines
War at the Philippines with the US
Puerto Rico
Us imperial power
Panama
Trade route, Panama Canal
Hawaii
US overthrows and creates an imperial power
China
Boxer Rebellion
Great Britain
Allies
France
Allies
Germany
Central power
Austria Hungary
Central power
Serbia
Allies
Russia
Allies
North Africa campaign
Used to combine armies in WWII with allies
El Alamein
Pushed German forces out of North Africa
Stalingrad
Marks the high water line in the German invasion of Russia
D day
Allies launched an invasion of European mainland in wwii (first day)
Pearl Harbor
Led to US entry into WWII
Midway
Turning point against Japanese in the pacific
Iwo Jima
Battle which the US fought for and captured the island of Jima in Japan
Hiroshima
Ended WWII
Why principle did the Nuremberg trails establish?
The fact that internal law does not impose a penalty for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law
final solution
Eradicate all Jews from Germany and Europe in general
Why did the Supreme Court uphold this executive order?
It was racists against Japanese
