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Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 & 2 > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 Aims of Nursing?

A

1) To promote health
2) To prevent illness
3) To restore health
4) To facilitate coping with disability or death

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of skills a nurse must possess in order to meet the 4 Aims of Nursing?

A

1) Cognitive Skills
2) Technical Skills
3) Interpersonal Skills
4) Ethical/Legal Skills

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3
Q

What are the 6 different roles nurses play in all settings?

A

1) Caregiver
2) Communicator, Teacher/Educator
3) Counselor
4) Leader
5) Researcher
6) Advocate

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4
Q

How do you measure a patient for compression stockings?

A

From the ankles to 2-3 inches below the gluteal fold.

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5
Q

Define effleurage.

A

Light gliding strokes, used when giving a ack massage.

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6
Q

What should you do if a patient becomes chilled during a bed bath?

A

1) Adjust room temperature

2) Use an additional bath blanket

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7
Q

What should you do if the patient becomes unstable during a bed bath?

A

1) Bathe the patient in stages

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8
Q

What should the nurse do if a he/she notices a large amount of bleeding from the gum line while providing oral hygiene?

A

1) Stop the brushing
2) Allow PT to gently rinse outh with water
3) Check recent platelet level
4) Use toothete to provide oral care if possible

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9
Q

What should the nurse do if the patient begins to bite the toothbrush while providing oral hygiene?

A

1) Do not jerk the toothbrush out
2) Wait for the patient to relax mouth before removing the toothbrush
3) Continue with care

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10
Q

What is the order in which the nurse should perform a focused assessment?

A

1) Normal - Inspection > Palpation > Percussion > Auscultation
2) Abdomen - Inspection > Auscultation > Percussion > Palpation

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11
Q

Define Tympany

A

A loud drum-like sound heard over an AIR-FILLED organ. If you hear a drum-like sound over another non air-filled organ (i.e., the stomach) then it’s called flatness.

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12
Q

How many many ounces in a cup?

A

8 fl oz = 1 cup

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13
Q

When would you use the bell vs the diaphragm of the stethoscope?

A

1) Diaphragm - High-pitched sounds (i.e., normal heart sounds, bowel sounds, breath sounds).
2) Bell - Low-pitched sounds (i.e., heart murmurs and bruits).

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14
Q

Define Remission and Exacerbation.

A

1) Remission - When the disease is present but the person does not experience symptoms.
2) Exacerbation - When the symptoms of a disease reappear.

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15
Q

Explain the Weber test

A

Used to assess for bone conduction of sound via a tuning fork.

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16
Q

How many ounces in 1 liter?

A

32 fl ounces = 1 liter

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17
Q

How many pounds in 1 kg?

A

2.2lbs = 1kg

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18
Q

How many mL in 1 ounce?

A

1 ounce = 30 mL

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19
Q

What is the order for donning and removing PPE?

A

1) Don PPE - Gown > mask > goggles > gloves

2) Remove PPE - Gloves > goggles > gown > mask

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20
Q

Give an example of a condition (disease) that requires airborne precautions?

A

1) TB

2) Chicken pox

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21
Q

Where are core and surface temperatures taken?

A

1) Core temp sites - tympanic ad rectal

2) Surface temp sites - sublingual and axillary

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22
Q

How many teaspoons in a tablespoon?

A

3 tsp = 1 Tbs

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23
Q

What are the 3 phases of the working relationship?

A

1) Orientation Phase
2) Working Phase
3) Termination Phase

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24
Q

What is Cerumen and Pediculosis?

A

1) Cerumen - Ear Wax

2) Pediculosis - Lice

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25
Q

How many mL in a Tablespoon?

A

1 Tablespoon = 30 mL

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26
Q

Define Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion or collapse of part of the lungs.

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27
Q

What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit into Celsius ad vice versa?

A

1) C = (F-32)/1.8

2) F = C x 1.8 + 32

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28
Q

What are some comon conditions (diseases) that require contact precautions?

A

1) MRSA
2) VRE
3) C. Diff
4) Hep-A (spread via feces)

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29
Q

How many inches in 1 cm?

A

1 inch = 2.5 cm

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30
Q

R.A.C.E

A

1) Rescue anyone in immediate danger
2) Activate the fire code system and notify appropriate pesonnel
3) Confine fire by closing doors an windows
4) Evacuate patients ad other people to a safe area

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31
Q

What is the order in which awareness is lost?

A

Individual who have impaired awareness first lose time orientation > place orientation > person orientation

32
Q

What are the 4 stages of infection?

A

1) Incubation - Interval between the pathogen’s invasion of the body and the appearance of SxS of infection.
2) Prodromal Stage - (Most infectious stage) presence of nonspecific, early SxS.
3) Full stage of Illness - Specific SxS
4) Convalescent Period - Recovery period

33
Q

How many ounces in a tablespoon?

A

1 ounce = 2 tablespoons

34
Q

How many mL in a 1 teaspoon?

A

1 teaspoon = 5 mL

35
Q

What are some common conditions (diseases) requiring droplet precautions?

A

1) Flu
2) Bacterial meningitis
3) Pertussis
4) Rubella

36
Q

What’s the difference between Ecchymosis and Petechiae?

A

1) Ecchymosis - A collection of blood in the SQ tissues, causing purplish discoloration.
2) Petechiae - Small hemorrhagic spots caused by capillary bleeding.

37
Q

What is the difference between cyanosis and pallor?

A

1) Cyanosis - Bluish/grayish discoloration of the skin because of low O2.
2) Pallor - Paleness of the skin resulting from low blood.

38
Q

Are the following lung sounds hear during inspiration or expiration?

1) Crackles
2) Pleural Friction Rub
3) Stridor
4) Wheezes

A

1) Crackles - Inspiration
2) Pleural Friction Rub - Inspiration and Expiration
3) Stridor - Inspiration
4) Wheezes - Inspiration.
* Crack IN Wheeze OUT!!!!

39
Q

How may mg in 1 grain?

A

1 grain = 60 mg (65 in some cases)

40
Q

Antiviral medication is most effective when given during which phase of infection?

A

Prodromal

41
Q

What kind o sound is heard when percussing over fluid or a solid mass?

A

A dull sound

42
Q

What are adventitious breath sounds?

A

Sounds not normally heard in the lungs

43
Q

Why should you not use a rectal thermometer on patients with heart problems?

A

Because a rectal thermometer will stimulate the vagus nerve which slows down heart rate.

44
Q

(T/F) Axillary temp is 1 degree lower than oral temp.

A

True

45
Q

(T/F) Anemia causes a faster heart rate?

A

True

46
Q

(T/F) A narrowing of pulse pressure translates to a risk for stroke?

A

True

47
Q

What is the significance of the following percussion sounds?

A

1) Dullness - Solid organ
2) Flatness - Soft tissue, fluid
3) Tympany - gastric bubble, hollow, gas
4) Resonance - normal lung
5) - Hyper-resonance - Air trapping in abnormal lung

48
Q

Define tonis and flaccid as it pertains to muscles?

A

1) Tonis - A steady state of muscle contraction (even at rest).
2) Flaccid - When the muscle has no tone.

49
Q

Describe the 3 types exercises and give examples of each.

A

1) Isotonic - Involves muscle shortening and active movement. (i.e., swimming, walking, jogging, and bicycling).
2) Isometric - Involves muscle contraction without shortening. (i.e., contractions of the quadriceps and gluteal muscle).
3) Isokinetic - Involves muscle contraction with resistance (i.e., weight lifting).

50
Q

What is the recommended frequency for range of motion exercises?

A

Recommended 2x a day but ideally once per shift. Do each motion 2 to 5 times.

51
Q

How should the nurse instruct the patient to use a cane?

A

Canes should be held on the strong side and the weak leg should be moved with the cane.

52
Q

What is the difference between a walker without wheels and a walker with wheels?

A

1) Walker without wheels - For patients who need help walking.
2) Walker with wheels - For patients who need need balance help.

53
Q

Why should the nurse never have a mask flowing less than 5 L/min?

A

Because there is a danger of breathing in CO2 if the flow is this low.

54
Q

What kind of valves are on a simple mask and a non-rebreather mask?

A

1) Simple Mask - 2-way valves. Allows air to flow in and outa.
2) Non-Rebreather Mask - 1-way valve. Only allows air to flow out.

55
Q

(T/F) When providing oxygen therapy, anything more than 2 L/min needs to be humidified.

A

True

56
Q

Why should you NOT use synthetic fabrics (i.e., wool and polyester) with oxygen tanks?

A

Because they may be flammable

57
Q

What is the difference between and Ethical Dilemma and Ethical Distress?

A

1) Ethical Dilemma - Situation that arises when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles result in two conflicting courses of action. (i.e., therapeutic abortion, end of life/beginning of life decisions).
2) Ethical Distress - Occurs when the nurse knows the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to tool low the right course of action.

58
Q

Define the following terms.

1) Beneficence
2) Nonmaleficence
3) Justice

A

1) Beneficence - Doing good
2) Nonmaleficence - Preventing bad, doing no harm
3) Justice - Distributes benefits, risks and costs fairly

59
Q

Define the following terms:

1) Fidelity
2) Veracity
3) Altruism

A

1) Fidelity - Keeping promises and commitments made to others
2) Veracity - Truth telling
3) Altruism - A concern for others

60
Q

What are the 4 elements of LIABILITY that. Must be established to prove that malpractice or negligence has occurred?

A

1) Duty
2) Breach of Duty
3) Causation
4) Damages

61
Q

Informed consent is a process, a mere signature does not guarantee each of the elements of consent. What are the elements of consent?

A

1) disclosure
2) comprehension
3) competence
4) Voluntariness

62
Q

What are the stages of Erickson’s theory of development?

A

1) Trust vs. Mistrust - Infancy
2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler
3) Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool
4) Industry vs. Inferiority - School-Age
5) Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescence
6) Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult
7) Generativity vs. Stagnation - Middle adulthood
8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Later adulthood

63
Q

What should the nurse do if the patient complains of severe cramping with the introduction of an enema solution?

A

Lower solution container and check temperature and flow rate. If the solution is too cold or or flow rate too fast, severe cramping may occur.

64
Q

Why should the nurse never have a mask flowing less than 5 L/min?

A

Because there is a danger of breathing in CO2 if the flow is this low.

65
Q

What kind of valves are on a simple mask and a non-rebreather mask?

A

1) Simple Mask - 2-way valves. Allows air to flow in and outa.
2) Non-Rebreather Mask - 1-way valve. Only allows air to flow out.

66
Q

(T/F) When providing oxygen therapy, anything more than 2 L/min needs to be humidified.

A

True

67
Q

Why should you NOT use synthetic fabrics (i.e., wool and polyester) with oxygen tanks?

A

Because they may be flammable

68
Q

What does Freud say the following parts of the mind do/represent?

1) Unconscious Mind
2) Id
3) Ego
4) Superego

A

1) Unconscious Mind - Just that
2) Id - Self gratification
3) Ego - Conscious mind
4) Super Ego - Conscience

69
Q

List Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from most important to least important.

A

Physiological > Safety > Belonging (love) > Self-esteem > Self-actualization

70
Q

What is the difference between and Ethical Dilemma and Ethical Distress?

A

1) Ethical Dilemma - Situation that arises when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles result in two conflicting courses of action. (i.e., therapeutic abortion, end of life/beginning of life decisions).
2) Ethical Distress - Occurs when the nurse knows the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to tool low the right course of action.

71
Q

Define the following terms.

1) Beneficence
2) Nonmaleficence
3) Justice

A

1) Beneficence - Doing good
2) Nonmaleficence - Preventing bad, doing no harm
3) Justice - Distributes benefits, risks and costs fairly

72
Q

Define the following terms:

1) Fidelity
2) Veracity
3) Altruism

A

1) Fidelity - Keeping promises and commitments made to others
2) Veracity - Truth telling
3) Altruism - A concern for others

73
Q

What are the 4 elements of LIABILITY that. Must be established to prove that malpractice or negligence has occurred?

A

1) Duty
2) Breach of Duty
3) Causation
4) Damages

74
Q

Informed consent is a process, a mere signature does not guarantee each of the elements of consent. What are the elements of consent?

A

1) disclosure
2) comprehension
3) competence
4) Voluntariness

75
Q

What are the stages of Erickson’s theory of development?

A

1) Trust vs. Mistrust - Infancy
2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler
3) Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool
4) Industry vs. Inferiority - School-Age
5) Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescence
6) Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult
7) Generativity vs. Stagnation - Middle adulthood
8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Later adulthood

76
Q

What should the nurse do if the patient complains of severe cramping with the introduction of an enema solution?

A

Lower solution container and check temperature and flow rate. If the solution is too cold or or flow rate too fast, severe cramping may occur.

Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 & 2 (1 decks)

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