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Six Sigma Final > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Make-to-Order-Hierarchy

A
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2
Q

Lean is:

A
  • Driving Value (Defined by customer, VOC)
  • Make waste visible
  • Elimination of waste
  • Goal is: Make-to-Order-PULL (MTO-Pull)
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3
Q

Six-Sigma is:

A
  • Driving Value (defined by customer, VOC)
  • Variation Reduction
  • Defect Elimination
  • GOAL is: Cost Improvement Initiative
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4
Q

Value Stream Mapping

A
  • Defines value and waste
  • Map of the current state of the flow of information and materials in a process
  • Value
    • Value-added activitiies (Improve)
      • What the customer is happy/willingto pay for
    • Non-Value added activities (Eliminate)
    • Business-Value added activities (Reduce)
  • Waste
    • Refer to 8 Wastes
    • Underutilized Talent, Motion, Waiting, Transportation, Over-Production, Over-Processing, Inventory, Defects.
  • Flow
    • Rapid sequence, sufficient capacity, shortest cycle time.
  • Pull
    • Work is initiated by kanban, work is limited to value added activities, synchronization, minimal inventory.
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5
Q

Value-Added Activities

A

Time during which value is added in the eyes of the customer.

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6
Q

Cycle Time

A

Time between two products produced by a
certain process step

  • Throughput Time
  • Machine tact time
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7
Q

Throughput

A

Number of products produced per unit time.

  • Throughput rate
  • Machine speed-production rate
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8
Q

Total Cycle Time

A

Time product flows from first process until
last process step for given routing

  • Process/total throughput time
  • Consists of Cycle Time and Changover Time.
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9
Q

SIPOC

A
  • Suppliers
  • Inputs
  • Processes
  • Outputs
  • Customers

A high-level map used to find areas of improvement.

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10
Q

8 Wastes

A
  1. Under-Utilized Talent
  2. Motion
  3. Waiting
  4. Transportation
  5. Over-Production
  6. Inventory
  7. Defects
  8. Over-Processing
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11
Q

DMAIC

A

D - Define

M - Measure

A - Analyze

I - Improve

C - Control

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12
Q

What is a good approach to sampling?

A

Random and stratified

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13
Q

What is the RTY (Rolled Thoroughput Yield) of 90%, 80%, 70%?

A

It is the product of all percentages multiplied out:

.9*.8*.7 = 50%

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14
Q

What tool is best used to identify all potential critical x’s?

A

A Process Map

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15
Q

Which flowchart technique highlights processes w/ people?

A

Activity Flow Map

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16
Q

The Kano model shows?

A

Relationships between “must haves” and delighters

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17
Q

An Affinity diagram allows you to?

A

Categorize and group like things together.

18
Q

When sampling, precision is a measure of?

A

How much of a difference makes a difference

19
Q

Y in the statement Y=f(x1,x2,x3…) means?

A

Process output

20
Q

Design of Experiments (DOE) is used to?

A

DOE is used to prove causation.

21
Q

What is mistake proofing and why do it?

A

Known as Poka-yoke, it is used for the elimination of error.

22
Q

What should you use to select a solution?

A

Solution Priortization Matrix

23
Q

Name 2 reasons to pilot a solution:

A
  1. Prove or validate the expected results
  2. Better understand the risks
  3. Facilitates the buy-in for smoother implementation.
24
Q

Name the 3 rating elements used in FEMA. Which one usually doesn’t change when you reduce overall risk?

A

Severity, Occurrence, Detection. Severity usually never changes, it’s typically the same impact as before the change took place.

25
Q

Project Charter contains:

A

Scope, Objective, Business Case

26
Q

What is Change Management?

A

Getting individuals and groups READY, WILLING, and ABLE to implement new processes.

27
Q

What is the main focus of a change-management plan?

A

People Factor

28
Q

What is RTY of a three step process, all having 95%?

A

.95*3/3 = 95%

29
Q

What are the types of variation?

A

Common and Special causes

Common - historical or expected cause

Special - an outlier or unexpected event

30
Q

Name 3 reasons why batch processing should be avoided?

A
  1. Creates WIP
  2. Increases opportunity for damage
  3. Increases inventory carry costs
  4. It is a ridged process that accomodates the batch size only.
31
Q

Name 2 reasons a ‘good’ change fails?

A
  1. Poor communication
  2. Lack of tangible results
  3. Everything is a high priority
  4. VOC is not heard
32
Q

What are the 3 critical factors in preparing an organization for change?

A
  1. Planning
  2. Communication
  3. Organization
  4. Buy-In
33
Q

What does PDCA stand for? Why do it?

A

Plan, Do, Check, Act. Use it when developing or implementing a new process.

PDCA Cycle for Standardization

34
Q

What flowchart best highlight handoffs between processes and functions?

A

Activity Flowchart or Swim Lane flowchart.

Go here, then here, then to sales, etc….

35
Q

Describe a process that is performing at Six Sigma:

A

3.4 defects per million opportunity

The closest specification limit is no closer than six standard deviations away.

36
Q

What is the name of the document that describes in detail how to execute a process or step? Who MUST be involved in it’s creation?

A

SOP - Standard Operating Procedures

The one responsible for executing the process (machine operator) MUST be included in it’s creation.

37
Q

To assure that a process will achieve an expected result, it is important to monitor what?

A

The critical x’s (in-process variables) that were proven to be cause and effect.

38
Q

What visual process/tool determines if a process is in control or not?

A

Control Chart

39
Q

Name 3 costs of failed change?

A
  1. Wasted resources
  2. Business objectives are not met
  3. Moral suffers
  4. Long-term strategies are not achieved
40
Q

What does the 5’s stand for?

A
  1. Sort
  2. Shine
  3. Standardize
  4. Sustain
  5. Stabilize
41
Q

What can be achieved by applying the tools, methods, and the start of six-sigma?

A

In the quest for Make-To-Order you reduce the Supply Chain cost by removing waste and variation, inherently improving quality, and customer satisfaction.

42
Q

What is a FMEA?

A

Failure, Mode, Effect, Analysis.

  • Structured approach to identify, estimate, prioritize and evaluate risk.
  • Aims at failure prevention
  • Primarily used to limit the risk involved in changing the process.

Six Sigma Final (1 decks)

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