Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEURO PATHO ***LAB*** (Marcin) > FINAL EXAM REVIEW > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Remedial Treatment for U/E Coordination?

A

GOAL:
To achieve multi-muscle motor patterns that are smooth, fast, precise, efficient, strong and automatic

TREATMENT:
Part/Whole Training
Perfect components & build on sequence
Start simple & slow
Provide visual/tactile/prop feedback (attend to sensations)
Repetition required
- Single Muscles ->Multiple Muscles

Functional activities use existing motor plans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 Components of Movement?

A
  1. Velocity (speed)
  2. Direction
  3. Force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dysmetria - what is it & how do we test it?

A

= Unable to estimate ROM needed to reach a target
- “faulty distance”

To test for it we get them to touch their nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the PNF focus on?

A

Total movement of Head, Trunk & Limbs
- Mass movement patterns in functional activities

Diagonal Patterns

  • Flexion & extension combined with rotation to & from midline
  • Both bilateral & unilateral

FACILITATION:

  • Verbal & visual cues
  • Manual stretch & contract
  • Repetition & relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

***Stages of Motor Recovery?

Brunnstrom

A

STAGE 1: LOW
Initial flaccidity, Low tone - No voluntary movement

STAGE 2: EMERGING (Slightly High)
Emerging spasticity, Hyper-reflexia, Synergies (mass patterns of movement)

STAGE 3: HIGH
Voluntary movements possible, but only in synergies, Strong spasticity

STAGE 4: SLIGHTLY LOWER
Voluntary control in isolated joint movements emerging, Decline of spasticity & synergies

STAGE 5: ALMOST NORMAL
Increasing voluntary control out-of-synergy; Coordination deficits

STAGE 6: NORMAL
Control & coordination near normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ataxia - what is it & how do we test it?

A

= Gross lack of coordination of muscle movements
- Observe gait, wide BOS & no arm movement

TREATMENT:
Improve balance & postural reactions
Improve & increase postural stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dystonia?

A

Faulty muscle tone

- results in twisting and repetitive movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Assessment for Manual Dexterity?

A

Standardized & Timed tests.

  • Box & Block Test
  • Purdue Pegboard Test
  • Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The 4 Stages of U/E ‘Grip’ Sequence?

A
  1. Opening
  2. Approaching
  3. Finger positioning
  4. Static Grip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

‘Reach’ Sequence?

A

SCAPULA:
Upward rotation
Abduction/protraction

SHOULDER:
Elevation, flexion, depression
Abduction, external rotation

ELBOW:
Extension
Supination/pronation

WRIST:
Extension
Ulnar deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Scapula - Prime Movers?

A

ELEVATION:
Levator Scapula
Trapezius (upper fibres)

DEPRESSION:
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius (lower fibres)

ABDUCTION (Protraction):
Serratus anterior

ADDUCTION (Retraction):
Rhomboids
Trapezius (middle fibres)

UPWARD ROTATION:
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

DOWNWARD ROTATION:
Rhomboids
Levator scapula
Pectoralis minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Base of Support (BOS)?

A

The parameter of the contact area between the body & its support surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Centre of Mass (COM)?

A

The point of which the body is in a perfect equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Centre of Gravity (COG)?

A

Projection of the center of mass (vertically) onto the ground – 2nd vertabrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Centre of Pressure (COP)?

A

The ground reacts to our weight due to gravity. Ground responds with force(Newton’s law)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reactive Balance Response?

A

Automatic, unconscious

Body responds to an unexpected stimulus/disruption of posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anticipatory Balance Response?

A

Automatic, unconscious

Body stabilizes segments prior to voluntary/conscious movement

18
Q

Anticipatory Balance Strategies?

A 
ANKLE STRATEGY (static BOS):
- small disruptions/perturbations

HIP STRATEGY (static BOS):

  • larger disruptions/perturbations
    i. e.) to the limits of your BOS

STEPPING STRATEGY (dynamic):

  • larger disruptions/perturbations
    i. e.) beyond the BOS which elicits a step back or laterally

GRASPING STRATEGY (dynamic):

  • larger disruptions of balance
  • An individual may reach out to grasp a solid object for support or to regain balance/stability
19
Q

Balance Treatment for someone with Neurological Deficits?

A

Stimulate good sitting posture:
= active sitting on Bosi ball & affected side supported with a pressure splint

To try to promote symmetry & good muscle tone,
Stimulate affected side so person can make new connections,
Neuroplasticity

20
Q

The 3 components for Regulation of Postural Control?

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM:
–Sensory System Inputs–
Visual Inputs = highest of importance of sensory information coming in to regulate balance & posture
Vestibular Inputs = inner ear & its responses to movement & gravity to influence balance, muscle tone & eye movements
Somatosensory Inputs (proprioception, touch, pressure)
–Processing & Prioritization of information–
i.e. system’s ability to process information & recognize what’s important
–Cognition–
Attention, memory, understanding language, reasoning, ability to problem-solve
Efferent System of Response
Relaxation Time

MUSCULOSKELETAL FACTORS:
Muscle strength, muscle endurance
Joint stability
ROM, flexibility

CONTEXT FACTORS  (task/enviro):
Level of difficulty, quiet vs. busy atmosphere, novel (new) vs. learned task
21
Q

Balance Training Principles/Treatment?

A

**FOCUS ON FUNCTION **

Vary BOS  +/- UE support
Static vs. dynamic
Wide, narrow, regular   
Double-limb vs. single-limb support 
 Introduce perturbations (internal or external)
Vary the support surface (stable vs. unstable)
\+/- vision
Add speed
22
Q

Treatment Principles/Goal for Neuromuscular Control?

A

Improve muscle strength:
- precision control of single muscles

PRECURSOR FOR COORDINATED MOVEMENT

  • We must have this before work on coordination
  • Guided movement of individual muscles
  • Needs repetition
23
Q

Nerve Distribution?

A

MEDIAN NERVE:
Flexors & pronators
Thenars
1st & 2nd lumbricals

RADIAL NERVE:
Extensors & supinators

ULNAR NERVE:
Wrist & deep finger flexors
Intrinsic muscles of hand

24
Q

Golgi Tendon?

A

If too much tension it relaxes to prevent injury

Spindle (in muscle belly) reacts on contraction so muscle doesn’t tear

25
Q

Strategy that works best for balance?

A

Ankle strategy

26
Q

Where are injuries to the PNS found?

A

Axon & myelin sheaf

27
Q

Impaired sensation of PNS is due to …..?

A

….localized effects of a specific nerve

28
Q

Feed-forward?

A

Anticipating what will happen BEFORE the movement

29
Q

Feedback?

A

Making adjustments DURING the movement

30
Q

2 things needed for fine smooth movement?

A

Light touch & proprioception

31
Q

Sensory Dysfunction terms & their meaning

A

ANESTHESIA:
Insensitivity to pain

PARASTHESIA:
Abnormal sensation (pins & needles)
HYPOESTHESIA:
Low sensation (numbness)

HYPERESTHESIA:
High sensation

ANALGESIA:
Inability to feel pain

HYPOALGESIA:
Low sensitivity to pain

32
Q

Relaxes or Excites muscle (list)?

A 
RELAXES:
Vibration 
Warmth
Rocking 
Swaddling 
Darkened room
EXCITES:
Rubbing 
Deep pressure
Traction 
Light touch, stroking 
Tapping
Staccato music

BOTH:
Icing
Postural changes

33
Q

Sensory nerve distribution of hand?

A

DORSAL SIDE:
Radial (thumb & first one & half fingers)
Ulna (little & next one & half fingers)

PALMER SIDE:
Median (thumb & first two & half fingers)
Ulna (little & half of ring finger)

34
Q

Remedial tx to recover proprioception?

A

Use weights to increase stimulation of GMOs & spindle,

Talk through motions, observe & correct w/visual cues,

Try to mimic without visual cues, concentrate on the sensations during passive/active assisted ROM (on OP!!!!)

35
Q

2 Scapular movements needed for fluid movement?

A

Elevation & Protraction

36
Q

Most common cause of falls?

A

Perturbations of COM

37
Q

Percentage used in Stance Phase?

A

60%

38
Q

Order of Tx for Dysmetria following stroke?

A
  1. Postural control for dynamic sitting balance
  2. Neuromuscular control of shoulder muscles
  3. Utilize existing motor patterns for coordinated movement
  4. Increase endurance for coordinated muscle activity
39
Q

Practice method to work on grip to reach & pick up objects ?

A

Random method

40
Q

Shoulder stabilization Tx?

A

Shoulder elevation & protraction exercises

‘Reach’ sequence

41
Q

Center of Mass is determined by…. ?

A

Point that corresponds with COM

- by finding the weighted average of each body segment

42
Q

Ankle Balance Strategy?

A

Perturbations

stepping strategy is used if beyond BOS

NEURO PATHO ***LAB*** (Marcin) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions