Final Exam Review Flashcards
Transatlantic Slave Trade
- Forced Migration
- Scale: 12 million individuals
- Modern cultural, economic, and political resonance
History Migration to US
1880-1910 Northern Parts
1930-now coasts (San Diego, Miami, Texas)
UN Definition of International Migrant:
an international migrant is a person who stays outside their usual country of residence for at least one year
How Many international migrants globally?
~200 million
How many refugees?
~9 million
Major Migrant-receiving countries:
20% in US, others in order: Russia, Germany, Ukraine, India
Harder to know but, where are migrants sent from?
35 million chinese, 20 million Indians, 8 million Filipinos
Global Patterns of Migration:
- South to North
- Poor to Rich
Regional Patterns of Migration:
- Asia to Gulf States
- South Africa
- Intra-Caribbean
Feminization of Migration
- 50 % of global migrants are women
What is Ideology?
-help organize tremendous complexity of human experiences into fairly simple claims that serve as a guide and compass for social and political action
What is Globalization?
A set of social processes of intensifying global interdependence
What is Globalism
Ideologies that endow the concept of globalization with particular values and meaning
Market Globalism
Fre-market norms and neoliberal meaning
Justice Globalism
an alternative vision of globalization based on egalitarian ideals of global solidarity and distributive justice
Religious Globalism
struggles against both market globalism and justice globalism, seeking to mobilize a religious community in defense of religious values and beliefs that are thought to be under sever attack by the forces of secularism and consumerism
What is the domant Globalism?
Market globalism
Alter-globalization:
they provide an alternative vision that resists the dominance of neoliberalism and free-market principles
Five Claims of Market Globalism:
- Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets
- Globalization is inevitable and irreversible
- Nobody is in charge of globalization
- Globalization benefits everyone
- Globalization furthers the spread of democracy worldwide
What is Justice Globalism dedicated to?
- A more equitable relationship between north and south
- Environmental protection
- Fair trade and int’l labor rights
- Human rights
- Women’s issues
According to justice globalism, what does neoliberalism to?
creates global inequality, unemployment, environment degradation, weakened social welfare
Borders are:
contested, fluid, simultaneously opening and closing
Economic Integration is..
The elimination of tariff and nontariff barriers to the flow of goods, services, and factors of production between a group of nations, or different parts of the same nation
Malthus checks on population:
death, famine, birth control, plague, war, misery
I.P.A.T. =
(I) Human Impact on the environment = (P) Population * (A) Affluence * (T) Technology
Neo-Malthusianism:
advocates control of population growth
Environmental Kuznet Curve:
natural cycle of inequality occurs, driven by market forces which at first increase inequality, and then decrease it after a certain average income is attained
Green Tax:
Individuals or firms participate in “greener” behavior by avoiding more costly alternatives
Cap and Trade:
Total amount of pollutant or other “bad” is limited and tradable rights to pollute are distributed to polluters
Jevon’s paradox:
increases in energy production efficiency leads to more not less consumption
Externalities
An effect of a purchase or use decision by one set of parties on others who did not have a choice and whose interests were not taken into account
World Bank:
An international organization dedicated to providing financing, advice and research to developing nations to aid their economic advancement.
IMF
an international organization that promotes the stabilization of the world’s currencies and maintains a monetary pool from which member nations can draw in order to correct a deficit in their balance of payments: a specialized agency of the United Nations.
WTO
An international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.
Cultural Hybridity
societies that emerge from cultural contacts of European “explorers” and those “explored”
Hegemony
leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others
Cultural Relativism
cultural norms and values derive their meaning within a specific social context.
Ethnocentrism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture
