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Introduction To Audio > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Phase?

A

A time delay between two or more waveforms.

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1
Q

What does S/PDIF stand for?

A

Sony Phillips Digital Interface Format

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1
Q

Are Cue sends sent as pre or post-fader?

A

Pre Fader

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2
Q

What are the 6 common sample rates?

A

44.1 kHz

48 kHz

88.2 kHz

96 kHz

176.4 kHz

192 kHz

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2
Q

What is an RMS meter?

A

Root Means Square, used to give the precise mathmatical average of a sound

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3
Q

Lossy or Lossless:

WAV

A

Lossless

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3
Q

In a patchbay:

Signal is routed automatically without having to patch. If a patch is made the signal no longer passes automatically.

What Normalling Scheme?

A

Fully Normalled

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3
Q

In a patchbay:

Signal is routed automatically without having to patch. If a patch is made the signal still continues to pass automatically.

What Normalling Scheme?

A

Half Normalled

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4
Q

What are partials?

A

Any frequencies that exist in addition to the fundamental pitch being played

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5
Q

How many channels and max sample rate?:

ADAT

A

8 channels max sample rate of 48 kHz

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6
Q

What is the standard sample rate and bit-depth of an audio CD?

A

44.1 kHz and 16 bit

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6
Q

What is Quantization Noise?

A

The difference between the actual analog value and the quantized digital value of a sample.

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7
Q

What points in the signal flow chart can the ā€œTalk Back Micā€ signal be sent to?

A

Cue Buss and SLS level

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8
Q

Which point in the signal flow can an effect be placed that would only affect what the artist is hearing but would not be heard in the control room?

A

Cue insert send and Cue insert return

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8
Q

What are overtones?

A

Any partials that are above the fundamental pitch being played

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8
Q

What are harmonics?

A

Any overtone frequencies that happen to be whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency being played

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9
Q

In binary code, what is a thousand bytes?

A

KB

(Kilobyte)

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9
Q

What does MADI stand for?

A

Multi-channel Audio Digital Interface

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10
Q

Lossy or Lossless:

WMA

A

Lossy

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11
Q

Which dynamics processor would be best for removing ā€œbleedā€ between played notes?

A

Gate

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13
Q

When using a time-based processor set up on an auxillary, what should the ā€œMixā€ parameter be set at on the processor?

A

100%

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14
Q

What is jitter?

A

Variations in the timing of samples.

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14
Q

What does AES/EBU stand for?

A

Audio Engineering Society/European Broadcasting Union

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15
Q

In a patchbay:

Signal is not routed automatically. A patch cable needs to be inserted to route signal.

What Normalling Scheme?

A

Non Normalled

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16
Q

What does the Feedback parameter on a delay do?

A

Causes the delay signal to be sent back into the delay processor to be delayed again.

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17
Q

Lossy or Lossless:

AIFF?

A

Lossless

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18
Q

What does a parametric equalizer allow the user to affect?

A

Center frequency

Bandwidth

Amplitude

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19
Q

How many channels and max sample rate?:

S/PDIF

A

2 channels max sample rate of 48 kHz

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19
Q

On a dynamics processor what is Release?

A

How fast the dynamics processor will react to a signal crossing the threshold going down

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20
Q

Are Aux sends sent as pre or post-fader?

A

Post Fader

20
Q

How many channels and max sample rate?:

MADI

A

64 channels max sample rate of 96 kHz

22
Q

What is Word Clock?

A

The signal that keeps the timing of when samples should be taken.

22
Q

Where are the SLS typically located?

A

In the studio live room

24
Q

Which dynamics processor would be best for evening out the volume of an instrument or sound?

A

Compressor

26
Q

In binary code, what is a million bytes?

A

MB

(Mega byte)

26
Q

What are the Group Trims used for?

A

The final gain stage before tape

28
Q

What type of data compression will remove some non-redundant information form the original file?

A

Lossy

29
Q

In binary code what is a million bits?

A

Mb

(Mega bit)

31
Q

What does the Nyquist Theorem state?

A

In order to produce an accurate representation of a given frequency of sound, each cycle must be sampled a minimum of two times.

32
Q

What is professional line level?

A

+4 dBu

33
Q

How many channels and max sample rate?:

AES/EBU

A

2 channels max sample rate of 96 kHz

34
Q

On a dynamics processor what is Threshold?

A

Determine at what point the dynamics processor will start to work

35
Q

On a dynamics processor what is Ratio?

A

Determines how much the signals that are being compressed or expanded will be turned down

36
Q

On a dynamics processor what is Attack?

A

How fast the dynamics processor will react to a signal crossing the threshold going up

37
Q

Which engineer would most likely add dither?

A

Mastering Engineer

39
Q

What is the Theory of Electromagnetic Induction?

A

Whenever an electrically conductive metal cuts accross the flux lines of a magnetic field, a current of a specific magnitude and direction will be generated within that metal.

40
Q

What is Impedance?

A

An eelectronics term that measures the amount of opposition a device has to an alternating current.

42
Q

What does ADAT stand for?

A

Alesis Digital Audio Tape

42
Q

On a dynamics processor what is Makeup Gain?

A

A level control at the output of a compressor that allows a compressed signal to be turned up

44
Q

Doubling the intensity of sound-pressure creates a gain of what?

A

3 Decibels

45
Q

The range of values represented by the binary word length is equal to what?

A

2nth where ā€œnā€ is the number of bits in the binary word.

(the range of values represented are also known as the discrete amplitude levels.)

46
Q

What are some examples of time-based processors?

A

Reverb and Delay

(Others include: chorus, flanger, phaser, termolo etc.)

48
Q

In binary code, what is a thousand bits?

A

Kb

(Kilobit)

50
Q

What is a Transducer?

A

A device that converts one type of energy or physical attribute to another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer.

51
Q

How does Dither reduce quantization errors?

A

By randomizing the rounding of the bit depth up or down as opposed to truncating the bit depth off at a specified digit.

52
Q

When should dither be applied?

A

When going from a higher bit depth to a lower bit depth

53
Q

Lossy or Lossless:

MP3

A

Lossy

54
Q

What Does TDIF stand for?

A

Tascam Digital Interface Format

56
Q

What are the 4 signal levels of an audio signal from lowest to highest?

A
  1. Mic Level
  2. Instrument Level
  3. Line Level
  4. Speaker Level
57
Q

What are octaves?

A

Any harmonics that are also whole-doubled multiples of a fundamental frequency being played.

(Doubling of a frequency)

58
Q

What is a VU meter?

A

Meter for measuring sound that is an intentionally slow measurement to reflect the percieved loudness of the signal

60
Q

What is the dynamic range of 24-bit audio?

A

144 dB

62
Q

What does the Channel Fader do?

A

Controls the level of a channel to the next stage which could be a group output or a subgroup.

64
Q

What does the Master Fader do?

A

Controls the over-all level of the stereo bus

65
Q

Which dynamics processor would be best for preventing distortion?

A

Limiter

66
Q

What is a dBFS meter?

A

Decibel Full Scale, the highest possible level in digital gear is 0 dBFS; used for measuring the peaks of a signal

67
Q

What is the dynamic range of 16-bit audio?

A

96 dB

68
Q

What does a DI or direct box do?

A

Converts a high impedance un-balanced signal to a low impedance balanced signal suitable for input on a microphone preamp.

69
Q

What is the formula to calculate wavelength?

A

WL = V/F

(Wavelength equals the velocity divided by the frequency)

70
Q

What does SLS stand for?

A

Studio Loud Speakers

71
Q

What is consumer line level?

A

-10 dBv

72
Q

In reference to A/D conversion; what are Discrete Amplitude Levels?

A

The ammount of quantization points available within a useful dynamic range.

(The discrete amplitude levels were calculated by 2nth)

73
Q

What is PCM?

A

Pulse Code Modulation - The method used to digitally represent analog signals and is the standard form for digital audio in computers and various compact disc and dvd formats.

Introduction To Audio (9 decks)

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