final exam review

Question 1

Political causes for Confederation

Answer 1

The distribution of power amongst different institutions led to conquests, rebellions, and eventually the declaration of Confederation.

Question 2

Definition of politics

Answer 2

Individuals within institutions with ideology trying to gain power

Question 3

Commercial ideology

Answer 3

the set of ideas and beliefs that formulate how people view and understand consumption

“the development of the civic humanist paradigm preceded the development of commercial ideology– the latter responding to the former” (Smith, page 4)

Question 4

Republicanism

Answer 4

Movement for the replacement of monarchy and in support of parliamentary government and democratically elected leaders.

Question 5

Imperial supremacy

Answer 5

• Basically the ideology of the British Empire
• A nation/empire extending power over large quantities of the world

Question 6

Colonial dependence

Answer 6

• Area controlled by a mother nation, like Canada with the mother nation being Britain
• Colonial power makes major decisions without participation from the colonies themselves

Question 7

Act of Union

Answer 7

• 1840
• Abolished the legislatures of Lower Canada and Upper Canada and established a new political entity, the Province of Canada to replace them
• meant to reinstate the peace through political union
• due to Lord Durham’s report

created a single political entity and set the stage for confederation

Question 8

Lord Durham’s Report

Answer 8

• went over in 1838, published in 1839
• paved the way for responsible government
• unite Canada into one province
• parliment radicalized the second recommendation, but not the first until after 1848

Whig politician, John Lambdon. 1st Earl of Durham

political as it was specifically policy makers creating these doctrines and implementing them

Question 9

Responsible government

Answer 9

• a government that is responsible to the people
• an executive or Cabinet that depends on the support of an elected assembly, rather than a monarch or their representatives
• recommended to Canada by Lord Durham in his report

Question 10

why responsible government was needed?

Answer 10

• Britain recognized colonies were expensive and difficult to maintain and control, self-interest
• adherence to social pressures, see rebellions
• there was a push for representative government

due to British officials fueled by certain political motives/ideas

Question 11

Christopher Moore arguement

Answer 11

responsible government was the foundational moment for British North America democracy
* The writing of the British North America act of 1867 for confederation was based on what had already been decided after the rebellions and during the implementation of responsible governance

Confederation could not have been a triumph of social pressures for responsible government and democracy because Canada already had this to the same degree as after Confederation. Confederation was rather the result of the choices made by politicians to reform the colony.

Question 12

Château Clique

Answer 12

nickname given to extremely wealthy, angolphone merchants in Lower Canada who dominated the executive and legislative councils, plus the judiciary and senior bureaucratic positions until the 1830s.
* James McGill
* John Molson

Question 13

Family Compact

Answer 13

epithet for the network of men who dominated the legislative, bureaucratic, business, religious and judicial centres of power in Upper Canada from the early- to mid-1800s.

Question 14

Great Coalition

Answer 14

• 1864 to Confederation
• united Reformers and Conservatives in the cause of constitutional reform
• debates over how many seats in Upper vs Lower Canada

existed because a new constitutional arrangement was needed to get beyond the political impasse in Ottawa. Brown, Cartier, and Macdonald stakes in their mission, were motivated, therefore, speaking with something like a single voice in favour of the structure they envisioned

Question 15

Charlottetown Conference

Answer 15

• organized by delegates from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island to discuss the union of their three provinces
• 1864

purely political because these political figures were there negotiating for how the confederation should look like, no public opinion.

Question 16

Seventy-Two/Quebec Resolutions

Answer 16

• created by MacDonald
• emerged from the Charlottetown conferece
• powers would be divided between a central Parliament and provincial legislatures

political act which set the stage for confederation

Question 17

Ninety-two resolutions

Answer 17

• Jan 1934
• drafted by Louis-Joseph Papineau
• critiqued the division of authority in Lower Canada and demanded a government that was responsible to the Legislative Assembly

Question 18

Parti canadien/Patriotes

Answer 18

• Lower Canadian faction whose existence contributed to the rebellions

Question 19

Lower Canada rebellion

Answer 19

• 1837 AND 1838
• twin rebellions
• also known as the Patriots’ War
• armed insurrection against the British Crown

Question 20

Upper Canada rebellion

Answer 20

• December 1837
• less violent than the Lower Canada rebellion earlier that year
• demanded democratic reform and an end to the rule of a privileged oligarchy

Question 21

Mercantilism

Answer 21

• maximize the exports and minimize the imports
• desired to maximize the accumulation of resources within the country and use those resources for one-sided trade
• this would allow Canada to be strong??

Question 22

Royal Proclamation

Answer 22

add here

Question 23

Long durée

Answer 23

add here

Question 24

what is Confederation?

Answer 24

the process by which three British North American provinces—the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick—were united into one federation, called the Dominion of Canada, on July 1, 1867

Question 25

staple economy

Answer 25

export of natural resources, or staples, from Canada to more advanced economies has a pervasive impact on the economy as well as on the social and political systems.