Final Exam Review Flashcards
Disaster
What are the major types of disasters and their impact?
natural: earthquakes, floods), man-made: terrorism, industrial accidents
pandemics
Impacts: physical injuries, deaths, displacement, infrastructure damage, economic loss.
What is the all-hazards approach in disaster planning?
Focuses on preparing for all types of hazards with flexible, scalable plans applicable to multiple scenarios.
What are the basic components of a disaster plan?
Risk assessment, resource allocation, communication systems, evacuation plans, and recovery strategies.
What are the four phases of the disaster cycle and the nurse’s role
Mitigation: Risk reduction (educating communities).
Preparedness: Planning, drills.
Response: Providing care, triage, ensuring safety.
Recovery: Supporting rehabilitation, rebuilding efforts.
What is vulnerability analysis in disaster planning?
Identifying populations at risk (e.g., elderly, disabled) to tailor preparedness and response efforts.
When does federal response coordination occur?
When state/local resources are overwhelmed, as declared by the President under the Stafford Act.
What are NRF?
NRF: Guides how the nation responds to all hazards.
What are NIMS?
NIMS: Provides a framework for incident management.
What is ESF 8?
Focuses on public health and medical services during emergencies.
What is the Incident Command System (ICS)?
A structure for coordinating emergency responses within organizations, ensuring clear roles and communication.
What ethical dilemmas may arise in disasters?
Allocation of scarce resources, prioritizing care, and balancing personal safety with duty to patients.
What populations are most at risk in disasters?
Elderly, children, disabled individuals, low-income families, and non-English speakers.
What are normal disaster reactions in children and adults?
Children: clinginess, nightmares.
Adults: anxiety, PTSD.
How does climate change impact human health?
Increases heat-related illnesses, respiratory issues, and vector-borne diseases.
What are the CDC categories of biological agents?
A: Category A: High priority (anthrax, smallpox).
Category B: Moderate risk (salmonella).
Category C: Emerging threats (Nipah virus).
What are the four levels of PPE?
Level A: Full protection. Level D: Minimal protection.
What is the SALT triage method?
Sort-Assess-Lifesaving interventions-Treatment/transport.
How does disaster triage differ from daily triage?
Disaster triage prioritizes survival of the most people over individual outcomes.
How are infants decontaminated during chemical incidents?
Use warm water, soft sponges; ensure airway and skin integrity.
What are the five phases of disaster management?
Prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, mitigation.
What is interagency collaboration in disaster response?
Cooperation between EMS, hospitals, public health, and government agencies for efficient resource use.
What are the five triage categories?
Immediate, delayed, minimal, expectant, deceased.
What challenges arise in MCI triage?
Limited resources, overwhelming patient numbers.
What are lessons learned from past disasters?
Importance of communication, preparedness drills, and adaptable response strategies.
