Final Exam Review

Question 1

What are the major types of disasters and their impact?

Answer 1

natural: earthquakes, floods), man-made: terrorism, industrial accidents
pandemics
Impacts: physical injuries, deaths, displacement, infrastructure damage, economic loss.

Question 2

What is the all-hazards approach in disaster planning?

Answer 2

Focuses on preparing for all types of hazards with flexible, scalable plans applicable to multiple scenarios.

Question 3

What are the basic components of a disaster plan?

Answer 3

Risk assessment, resource allocation, communication systems, evacuation plans, and recovery strategies.

Question 4

What are the four phases of the disaster cycle and the nurse’s role

Answer 4

Mitigation: Risk reduction (educating communities).
Preparedness: Planning, drills.
Response: Providing care, triage, ensuring safety.
Recovery: Supporting rehabilitation, rebuilding efforts.

Question 5

What is vulnerability analysis in disaster planning?

Answer 5

Identifying populations at risk (e.g., elderly, disabled) to tailor preparedness and response efforts.

Question 6

When does federal response coordination occur?

Answer 6

When state/local resources are overwhelmed, as declared by the President under the Stafford Act.

Question 7

What are NRF?

Answer 7

NRF: Guides how the nation responds to all hazards.

Question 8

What are NIMS?

Answer 8

NIMS: Provides a framework for incident management.

Question 9

What is ESF 8?

Answer 9

Focuses on public health and medical services during emergencies.

Question 10

What is the Incident Command System (ICS)?

Answer 10

A structure for coordinating emergency responses within organizations, ensuring clear roles and communication.

Question 11

What ethical dilemmas may arise in disasters?

Answer 11

Allocation of scarce resources, prioritizing care, and balancing personal safety with duty to patients.

Question 12

What populations are most at risk in disasters?

Answer 12

Elderly, children, disabled individuals, low-income families, and non-English speakers.

Question 13

What are normal disaster reactions in children and adults?

Answer 13

Children: clinginess, nightmares.
Adults: anxiety, PTSD.

Question 14

How does climate change impact human health?

Answer 14

Increases heat-related illnesses, respiratory issues, and vector-borne diseases.

Question 15

What are the CDC categories of biological agents?

Answer 15

A: Category A: High priority (anthrax, smallpox).
Category B: Moderate risk (salmonella).
Category C: Emerging threats (Nipah virus).

Question 16

What are the four levels of PPE?

Answer 16

Level A: Full protection. Level D: Minimal protection.

Question 17

What is the SALT triage method?

Answer 17

Sort-Assess-Lifesaving interventions-Treatment/transport.

Question 18

How does disaster triage differ from daily triage?

Answer 18

Disaster triage prioritizes survival of the most people over individual outcomes.

Question 19

How are infants decontaminated during chemical incidents?

Answer 19

Use warm water, soft sponges; ensure airway and skin integrity.

Question 20

What are the five phases of disaster management?

Answer 20

Prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, mitigation.

Question 21

What is interagency collaboration in disaster response?

Answer 21

Cooperation between EMS, hospitals, public health, and government agencies for efficient resource use.

Question 22

What are the five triage categories?

Answer 22

Immediate, delayed, minimal, expectant, deceased.

Question 23

What challenges arise in MCI triage?

Answer 23

Limited resources, overwhelming patient numbers.

Question 24

What are lessons learned from past disasters?

Answer 24

Importance of communication, preparedness drills, and adaptable response strategies.