Final Exam Review

Question 1

Know that the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children

Answer 1

respiratory collapse.

Question 2

Know how to manage a foreign body obstruction in infant and children.

Answer 2

back slaps and chest thrusts

Question 3

Know about placenta previa and abruptio placentae.

Answer 3

placenta previa : painless vaginal bleeding; occurs when the placenta is covering the cervial opening
abruptio placentae : extreme pain and vaginal bleeding; occurs when the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus before the infant is delivered

Question 4

Know the Pediatric Assessment Triangle…

Answer 4

look for:
- appearance (abnormal tone, interativeness, consolability, abnormal look/gaze, abnormal speech/cry)
- work of breathing (abnormal sounds and positioning, retractions, flaring, apnea/gasping)
- circulation to skin (pallor, mottling, cyanosis)

Question 5

Know what a bulging fontanelle on an infant indicates

Answer 5

increased intracranial pressure

Question 6

Know the signs of when delivery of an infant is imminent (the baby needs to be delivered on scene).

Answer 6

crowning; contractions 2 min or less

Question 7

Know your highest priority when you are off duty and alone with an adult patient in cardiac arrest

Answer 7

activate the EMS system.

Question 8

Know what to do when a neonate doesn’t start to breathe after stimulation

Answer 8

begin positive pressure ventilation.

Question 9

Know what croup is caused by; what epiglottitis is caused by. Know how to manage these two conditions.

Answer 9

croup is caused by inflammation of the laryngotracheal area (manage by arranging for transport and keeping them in a humid area)
epiglottitis is caused by inflammation of the epiglottis (airway management and arrange for transport)

Question 10

Know the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Answer 10

itching all over body
hives/ swelling
generalized weakness
unconsciousness
rapid, weak pulse
rapid, shallow breathing

Question 11

Know what burns around the mouth indicate

Answer 11

poisoning by ingestion.

Question 12

Know the signs and symptoms of hypothermia.

Answer 12

feelings of being cold
shivering (will stop as temperature continues to drop)
decreasing level of consciousness
sleepiness

signs of increasing hypothermia include:
- lack of coordination
- decreased level of consciousness
- mental confusion
- slowed reactions

Question 13

Know how drowning patients with signs of trauma should be treated.

Answer 13

with c-spine precautions

Question 14

Know treatment for snakebites

Answer 14

immobilize the extremity, draw a circle around the bite, document the time, and transport the patient.

Question 15

Know the signs, symptoms, and treatment for heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke

Answer 15

first thing that should be done is to remove the patient from the hot environment
- heat cramps ( lie down, drink water and electrolyte solution, arrange for transport if they don’t go away especially if part of special populations or has a chronic medical condition)
- heat exhaustion ( treat for shock, unless unconscious, nauseous or vomiting; give cold water, monitor ABCs and arrange for transport)
- heatstroke (maintain ABCs, unclothe them, soak with water using a hose or something, ice packs on groin and axilla, water if conscious and not nauseous, arrange for transport)

Question 16

Know why near drowning victims should be transported

Answer 16

because of possible pulmonary and electrolyte complications.

Question 17

Know what patients abusing substances can have

Answer 17

can have visual hallucinations.

Question 18

5150 hold

Answer 18

patients can be placed on a 5150 hold if they are a danger to themselves or others

Question 19

in splinting

Answer 19

you immobilize the joint above and below the injury

Question 20

Know how to classify burns

Answer 20

1st degree- sunburn
2nd degree - blistering
3rd degree - leathery skin, painless, severed nerve endings

Question 21

check for distal pulses

Answer 21

Know to check for distal pulses before and after splinting

Question 22

what are airway burns considered?

Answer 22

Know that burns to the airway are considered critical burns

Question 23

Know the indications for using a traction splint.

Answer 23

used for lower extremity fractures

Question 24

Know the definition of strains, sprains, and fractures.

Answer 24

A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon
A sprain is an injury to a ligament
A fracture is a break in a bone.

Question 25

Know when an impaled object can be removed.

Answer 25

when unable to do cpr or if it causes an airway obstruction

Question 26

Know that an altered level of consciousness :

Answer 26

can be the earliest indication of a neurological problem

Question 27

Know the definition of perfusion.

Answer 27

Perfusion is the process by which blood is delivered to and circulates through the body’s tissues, providing them with oxygen and nutrients while also facilitating the removal of waste products such as carbon dioxide aka circulation

Question 28

Know that patients with head injuries

Answer 28

are transported supine on a long board.

Question 29

Know the different types of shock.

Answer 29

1. cardiogenic shock
2. hypovolemic shock
3. distributive shock

Question 30

before attempting complex extrication attempts.

Answer 30

Know to check the doors first

Question 31

Know START triage.

Answer 31

“Simple triage and rapid treatment”
1. priority one - red (immediate life threating emergencies that are treatable)
2. priority two - yellow (serious but not life threatening - delayed)
3. priority three - green (walking wounded)
4. priority four - grey or black (diseased)

Question 32

accidents involving radioactive materials

Answer 32

Know to get expert advice during accidents involving radioactive materials.

Question 33

Know how to approach helicopters

Answer 33

from the front

Question 34

Know the definition of a multi-causality event.

Answer 34

more than one sick or injured person