Final Exam Review Flashcards
Know that the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children
respiratory collapse.
Know how to manage a foreign body obstruction in infant and children.
back slaps and chest thrusts
Know about placenta previa and abruptio placentae.
placenta previa : painless vaginal bleeding; occurs when the placenta is covering the cervial opening
abruptio placentae : extreme pain and vaginal bleeding; occurs when the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus before the infant is delivered
Know the Pediatric Assessment Triangle…
look for:
- appearance (abnormal tone, interativeness, consolability, abnormal look/gaze, abnormal speech/cry)
- work of breathing (abnormal sounds and positioning, retractions, flaring, apnea/gasping)
- circulation to skin (pallor, mottling, cyanosis)
Know what a bulging fontanelle on an infant indicates
increased intracranial pressure
Know the signs of when delivery of an infant is imminent (the baby needs to be delivered on scene).
crowning; contractions 2 min or less
Know your highest priority when you are off duty and alone with an adult patient in cardiac arrest
activate the EMS system.
Know what to do when a neonate doesn’t start to breathe after stimulation
begin positive pressure ventilation.
Know what croup is caused by; what epiglottitis is caused by. Know how to manage these two conditions.
croup is caused by inflammation of the laryngotracheal area (manage by arranging for transport and keeping them in a humid area)
epiglottitis is caused by inflammation of the epiglottis (airway management and arrange for transport)
Know the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
itching all over body
hives/ swelling
generalized weakness
unconsciousness
rapid, weak pulse
rapid, shallow breathing
Know what burns around the mouth indicate
poisoning by ingestion.
Know the signs and symptoms of hypothermia.
feelings of being cold
shivering (will stop as temperature continues to drop)
decreasing level of consciousness
sleepiness
signs of increasing hypothermia include:
- lack of coordination
- decreased level of consciousness
- mental confusion
- slowed reactions
Know how drowning patients with signs of trauma should be treated.
with c-spine precautions
Know treatment for snakebites
immobilize the extremity, draw a circle around the bite, document the time, and transport the patient.
Know the signs, symptoms, and treatment for heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke
first thing that should be done is to remove the patient from the hot environment
- heat cramps ( lie down, drink water and electrolyte solution, arrange for transport if they don’t go away especially if part of special populations or has a chronic medical condition)
- heat exhaustion ( treat for shock, unless unconscious, nauseous or vomiting; give cold water, monitor ABCs and arrange for transport)
- heatstroke (maintain ABCs, unclothe them, soak with water using a hose or something, ice packs on groin and axilla, water if conscious and not nauseous, arrange for transport)
Know why near drowning victims should be transported
because of possible pulmonary and electrolyte complications.
Know what patients abusing substances can have
can have visual hallucinations.
5150 hold
patients can be placed on a 5150 hold if they are a danger to themselves or others
in splinting
you immobilize the joint above and below the injury
Know how to classify burns
1st degree- sunburn
2nd degree - blistering
3rd degree - leathery skin, painless, severed nerve endings
check for distal pulses
Know to check for distal pulses before and after splinting
what are airway burns considered?
Know that burns to the airway are considered critical burns
Know the indications for using a traction splint.
used for lower extremity fractures
Know the definition of strains, sprains, and fractures.
A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon
A sprain is an injury to a ligament
A fracture is a break in a bone.
