Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Socials 10 > FInal Exam Review > Flashcards

FInal Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
What were the 2 main groups + what were they called?

A

Allied Powers / Triple Entente = Russia, Serbia, France, and Britain (also the USA, Japan, and Italy)

Central Powers / Triple Alliance = Germany and Austria-Hungary (also the Ottoman Empire. Italy was apart of it however became neutral soon later)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
What is trench warfare?

A

A type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
No Man’s Land Significance?

A

No Man’s Land was the area between the trenches. If you tried crossing this area it would most likely mean certain death since you were exposed fully to enemy fire which included machine guns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
How were tanks significant?

A

They were developed in order to solve the problems of trench warfare. Tanks could attack across the land in relative safety as they were immune to machine gun fire and could roll over barbed wire and trenches. However, tanks could get stuck in the mud, meaning almost certain death. The tanks were a major reason for the Allied victory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
How was Poison Gas significant?

A

Poison gas was used by the Germans. They pumped out poisonous chlorine gas toward the Canadian and French soldiers which caused blindness and choking. Ultimately, this led to the invention of gas masks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
How were Machine Guns significant?

A

Machine Guns were very efficient at killing enemy troops as they advanced over no man’s land and were a major contributor to the enormous death toll of the First World War.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
How were Submarines significant?

A

Submarines were used in the First World War to try and destroy enemy ships. Germany used submarines to attack merchant ships supplying Britain with war materials and other products. The German goal was to starve Britain into surrendering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
How were Airplanes significant?

A

Unarmed airplanes were used to scout enemy positions behind lines. Airplanes weren’t as significant as they were in the Second World War.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
What was the Battle of Somme + Significance?

A

Location = France
Allied commanders of the French tried to end trench warfare with a large attack on the German trenches. The attack was not successful and the Germans were not driven back.

Significance = Over 20,000 Canadian soldiers died during the battle. The battle lasted for five months and only a few miles of land had been gained. The casualties reached 1.25 million which includes both sides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
What was the Battle of Ypres + Significance?

A

Location = Belgium
The French and Canadian troops were defending Ypres and retreated when the Germans used chlorine gas so the Germans won.

Significance = This was the first poison gas attack in history. This attack acted as a precursor to how twentieth-century wars would be fought. 6,000 Canadians died before reinforcements arrived. After the battle, John McCrae famously wrote the poem “In Flanders Fields’’ in memory of his friend who was killed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
What was the Battle of Vimy Ridge + Significance?

A

Location = France
Vimy Ridge was a strong natural fortress and it was strategically important. Canadian troops attacked the Germans at the Battle of Vimy Ridge and the Canadian troops were successful in taking back the ridge which had been in the hands of the Germans for many years.

Significance = The battle at Vimy Ridge was important since for the past two years British and French soldiers have been trying to take it back. The Canadian’s preparations for the attack were extremely thorough which resulted in them winning the battle. This was a turning point in the war in favour of the Allies and Canadian troops were recognised as some of the best on the Western Front.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WORLD WAR 1!
What was the Battle of Passchendaele + Significance?

A

Location = Belgium
Canadian troops attacked the Germans at the town of Passchendaele even though General Currie said that the town could not be taken. The Canadian troops succeeded and also held it down until reinforcements arrived.

Significance = This town was important since it was located near the Western Front. Even though the Canadians won they only gained 7 kilometers of mud which the Germans soon won back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

INTER-WAR!
What was the Great Depressionin Canada and the US?

A

It was a period of significant economic hardship that led many people to live in poverty due to the decrease in their economy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

INTER-WAR!
What events lead to the Great Depression in Canada?

A

Stock Market Crash: scramble to sell stocks caused stock prices to decline rapidly
Also “Buying on Margin meant that people would buy stocks on borrowed money (loan from a bank)”
1. Overproduction
2. Reliance on Exporting Staple Products
3. Canada’s dependence on the US
4. Economic Protectionism & Increase in Tariffs:
5. Int’l Debt after WW1: USA lent $$ to foreign
nations during WW1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

INTER-WAR!
Prohibition and what it meant to Canada and the USA?

A

Prohibition was a significant and controversial period in both countries. It lead to the loss of many jobs of people working in the alcohol industry, also led to many unhappy people and it led to a loss of tax revenue which worsened their economy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

INTER-WAR!
What did Hitler do (Promises, Actions & Crimes)?

A

Due to his skill as a speaker, he attracted a large following and became the political leader of Germany. He promised to bring Germany out of depression and chaos. Also, LebensRAWM and Third Reich. He violated the Treaty of Versailles and killed roughly 11 million people (6 million were Jews). He shot himself before he could be captured.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

INTER-WAR!
What did Mussolini do (Promises, Actions & Crimes)?

A

After Mussolini threatened war he was made the political leader of Italy. He promised to restore Italy to its former power. He invaded Ethiopia which was one of the only independent countries in Africa (this violated the Treaty of Versailles). Some of his own turned against him and he was eventually caught by Italian communists and was shot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

INTER-WAR!
What did Stalin do (Promises, Actions & Crimes)?

A

Stalin set up a five-year plan in order for him to have control of all of the entire country, killing others if necessary. He also promised collectivization which involves agriculture. He killed Kulaks and sent them as well as public enemies and prisoners to camps called Gulags.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

INTER-WAR!
What did Hirohito do (Promises, Actions & Crimes)?

A

Hirohito did not disapprove of doing anything when Japan attacked China or the invasion of Manchuria, as well as approving the bombing of Pearl Harbour against the USA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

INTER-WAR!
What did Tojo do (Promises, Actions & Crimes)?

A

Tojo was responsible for the military operations to increase penetration to Inner Mongolia border regions with Manchuoko. Also the Rape of Nanking in China.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is CRAMP CUP stand for?

A

Direct Causes for WW2!
C-Conscription in Germany
R-Remilitarization of Rhineland
A-Anschluss
M-Munich Pact
P-Pact of Steel

C-Czechoslovakia
U-USSR Pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact)
P-Poland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is Conscription in Germany?

A

*1935: Hitler introduces mandatory military conscription in Germany
*Direct violation of the Treaty
of Versailles
*army was increased from 100,000
to 555,000
*All conscripts had to show
evidence of ancestry (ages 18-45)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is Remilitarization of the Rhineland?

A

*1936: Hitler makes the decision to reoccupy
the Rhineland
*This was a direct violation of the Treaty of
Versailles
*First time German troops entered the
Rhineland since end of WW1
*Hitler believed he needed to strengthen all
German borders so that it would not be
vulnerable to invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is Anschluss (Annexation of Austria)?

A

*Anschluss: German for “connecting”
or “joining”
*1938: Austria is annexed by Germany
*This was a direct violation of the
Treaty of Versailles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is Munich Pact?

A

*1938: agreement made b/w Germany &
GB/France
*GB stated that Germany would be
allowed to extend its territory into
German-speaking parts of
Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)
*GB Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
was practicing “Appeasement” (appeasing
Hitler so as not to cause another war)
*Five months later Hitler breaks the
Munich Pact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is Pact of Steel?

A

*1939: Alliance officially signed
b/w Nazi Germany & Italy
*Pact stated that the 2 countries
would aid one another militarily
and economically in the event of
war
*Hitler assured Mussolini that
war would not occur for at least
3 years
*intended to last 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is Czechoslovakia?

A

*1939: Hitler invades remainder of
Czechoslovakia
*Immediately after the Munich Pact,
Hitler annexed the Sudetenland
*The rest of Czech. was unable to
defend against Nazi invasion &
succumbed to inclusion into Nazi
Germany
*This officially went against the
Munich Pact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is USSR (The Nazi-Soviet Pact)?

A

*Aug 1939: agreement b/w Germany & USSR of
nonaggression
*Hitler wanted to invade Poland with no
opposition by USSR
*The two countries would both invade Poland
& split the territory
*A pact with USSR meant that Germany would
not have to fight a war on two fronts
*Hitler broke the pact in 1941 when Nazi
troops invaded Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is Poland?

A

*Sept 1939: Nazi troops invade Western,
Northern & Southern Poland
*Soviet troops invade Eastern Poland
*France & GB declared war two days
later but offered limited aid
*Soviet & Nazi forces gained full
control of Poland just over a month
later
*Poland never formally surrendered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
What is appeasement?

A

Making peace with someone by giving in to their demands. The Allies tried to appease Germany in hopes that war would not be started.

30
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
Sea Lion/Battle of Berlin

A

-Summer 1940 @ Britain

-Germany attacked Britain to get control of the English Channel

-Germany bombed London by accident, and Britain bombed Berlin in return.

***Hitler’s First Blunder: Hitler then bombed London again, which gave the Air Force time to recover.

(This was the first battle Hitler lost
Was the first use of Radar)

31
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
Barbarossa/Soviet Union Invasion

A

June 22, 1941 @ Soviet Union

3 million German troops invaded Russia

Germany wanted Russia’s resources and land space for Lebensraum. As the Russians retreated East, they used the Scorched Earth Policy to destroy everything so the Germans couldn’t use it.

Germany underestimated the Russian Winter
Hitler now faced a 2 sided war: East & West

32
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
Overlord

A

June 6, 1944 @ Normandy, Northwest France
Allied powers invaded Europe which was being run by Hitler
The Allies continuously sent over soldiers which helped them push Hitler back
Over 400,000 Germans were killed, injured, missing or imprisoned, a higher rate than the Allies.
~14,000 Canadian soldiers, 100 ships and 36 bomb squads were involved
BEACHES
US: Utah & Omaha
GB: Gold & Sword
CAN: Juno
*Biggest win for the Allies

33
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
Oblivion

A

Top-secret infiltration on Japanese land
Chinese-Canadians were enlisted to sabotage, ambush and gather information
Soldiers sent to Japan were expected to die and had pills to help kill them if they got captured
Camp X was a spy camp set up in Ontario after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Allied spies trained here

34
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
Hiroshima

A

August 6, 1945 @ Hiroshima, Japan
The “Little Boy” atomic bomb was dropped on 340,000 residents and reached a temperature of 300,000 Celsius
If the bomb hadn’t been dropped, it would’ve taken another year or year and a half to win the war, and would amount to another 1.5 million deaths
***This was the first use of the atomic bomb

35
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
Nagasaki

A

August 9, 1945 @ Nagasaki, Japan
Japan didn’t surrender after the first
bombing, so “Fat Man” was dropped
Less than a week later, the Japanese government surrendered, concluding WW2
***About 170,000 people died in both bombings (Nagasaki & Hiroshima)

36
Q

WORLD WAR 2!
*Which European countries was Canada involved in fighting/campaigns?

A

Fought in Italy
Participated in D-Day
Liberating the Netherlands

37
Q

What is the Cold War?

A

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

38
Q

Fear of Communism: Red Scare

A

A period of general fear of communism, Panic and sudden mass fear and anxiety , over much-anticipated events, “Panic in the Stock Market”, “A War scare”, A bomb scare led them to evacuate the building”

39
Q

Canada’s role in foreign affairs?

A

Lester B Pearson, Canada’s Minister of External Affairs, proposed the idea of a United Nations Emergency Force. Which would keep members of war apart while they tried to settle the Suez Crisis. Battle forces were taken out and replaced with UN peacekeeping forces. Pearson won a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in 1957

40
Q

Canada’s growth as an autonomous nation: technology, agreements, relations, suburbs

A

Canada became a middle power after WWII, and was more established as an independent nation, rather than just a Commonwealth country

41
Q

Vietnam: why did they go to war? What was it about?

A

The Vietnam War was a prolonged and divisive conflict fought between the communist forces of North Vietnam, supported by its allies, and the anti-communist forces of South Vietnam, supported primarily by the United States, resulting in significant loss of life and ultimately the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule.

42
Q

Korean War

A

Conflict that began with North Korea’s invasion of South Korea and came to involve the United Nations (primarily the United States) allying with South Korea and the People’s Republic of China allying with North Korea.

43
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

Is a tense 13-day standoff in 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over the deployment of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war before a diplomatic resolution was reached.

44
Q

Kennedy Assassination

A

The assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, remains a significant event in American history, shrouded in controversy and conspiracy theories.

45
Q

Afghanistan and Russia

A

The involvement of Russia in Afghanistan refers to the Soviet Union’s military intervention in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, during the Cold War era, to support the communist government in Kabul against variou rebel groups, leading to a protracted and costly conflict.

46
Q

Fall of the Berlin Wall and how it’s the symbolic end of the CW

A

The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, marked the symbolic end of the Cold War division in Germany and Europe, as East German citizens were allowed to freely cross into West Berlin, leading to the eventual reunification of Germany.

47
Q

Glasnost and Perestroika

A

Glasnost and Perestroika were policies introduced in the 1980s, aimed at political openness and economic restructuring, respectively, as part of an attempt to reform the Soviet Union and address its internal problems, ultimately contributing to the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union.

48
Q

CANADA 20th Century
(Dante this is chat with quill bot because I could not find it on notes or anything so change it if you dont like it)

A

Canada’s economy changed over the 20th century from being mostly resource-based and farmlands to becoming highly diversified and industrialised. Agriculture and the use of resources dominated the early years, but industrialization during World War II increased the development of manufacturing and technology. Oil was discovered in Alberta in 1947, which was a big change. Following that, the economy was further expanded by the growth of the service sector, developments in technology, and free trade agreements such as NAFTA. Canada had a new, healthy economy at the end of the 20th century, with strong sectors in technology, industry, and services.

49
Q

Domino Theory

A

A theory that if one nation falls to Communism, then neighboring countries would also fall and eventually all others would

50
Q

Containment Theory

A

A theory that stated communism had to be isolated to stop the spread of communism

51
Q

Satellite States

A

Eastern European countries that were controlled by the USSR

52
Q

Red Scare

A

Intense fear of communism and other politically radical issues

53
Q

MAD

A

MAD, or Mutually Assured Destruction, is a strategic concept where the possession of nuclear weapons by opposing nations acts as a deterrent, as the use of such weapons would result in the mutual annihilation of both parties.

54
Q

ICBM

A

ICBM stands for “Intercontinental Ballistic Missile,” which is a long-range missile system designed to deliver nuclear warheads across vast distances, typically between continents, with the capability of reaching targets thousands of kilometers away.

55
Q

Nuclear Parity

A

A situation where 2 parties have equal or fair amount of nuclear weapons, so neither have an upper hand

56
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization that formed for the sole purpose of keeping international peace, politically and militarily.

57
Q

WARSAW

A

Named after the capital of Poland, the Warsaw Pact was an alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. They made this in response to NATO

58
Q

Who is Louis St. Laurent?

A

Canada’s second French Prime Minister

Involved Canada in many foreign affairs;

NATO, Korean War, DEW Line and the Suez Crisis

Started the Trans-Canada highway, Trans-Canada pipelines and the St Lawrence seaway project

LIBERAL

Sharp-minded and very patriotic

Showed lots of affection and appreciation

for people that worked for him

Created RRSP

Made the bill for hospitals

59
Q

Who is John Diefenbaker?

A

Canada’s 13th Prime Minister

Eloquent spokesman for “nonestablishment”

Worked both as a lawyer and a politician

CONSERVATIVE

Charismatic and a popular speaker

He wanted to guarantee civil rights and he believed in social rights

60
Q

Who is Lester B. Pearson?

A

Canada’s Minister of External Affairs from 1948-1957

President of the UN General Assembly

Created a peacekeeping force that was sent to the Middle East during the 1956 Suez Crisis

He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1857 and became the Liberal Party leader in the same year (John Diefenbaker won instead that year)

Led 2 minority governments as PM from 1963-1968

He introduced the new Canadian flag, Canada Health Act, the Student Loan Plan, Canada Pension Plan and the “colour blind immigration”

61
Q

Who is Pierre Trudeau?

A

Pierre Trudeau served as Prime Minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984.

He introduced policies promoting bilingualism, multiculturalism, and individual rights.

Trudeau enacted the Official Languages Act, recognizing English and French as Canada’s official languages.

He championed the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, protecting fundamental rights and liberties.

Trudeau implemented economic measures and controversial programs like the National Energy Program.

62
Q

First Nations and the Residential schools impact

A

-The Canadian government ran residential schools starting in the 1880s which were directed at aboriginal people

-Mental, physical and sexual abuse were consistent throughtout the industries which resulted in generational trauma for Indigenous people, whom are still facing the repercussions of residential schools

63
Q

1 paragraph
Explain how Disposable Income is the concept used to show how and why the Americans won the Cold War?

A

Disposable income was used to show how the Americans won the cold war as disposable income allowed Americans to spend more on consumer goods and services, which helped in economic growth and technological advancements in America. This economic strength, combined with military capabilities, contributed to the perception of American superiority and played a role in their victory in the Cold War.

64
Q

2 paragraph

The concept of Containment was a major theme in the CW: What did it mean and what are examples of where this is seen in the CW

A

During the Cold War, the US wanted to keep communism contained in Russia. They believed that communism was a threat to democratic nations and wanted to prevent its spread. To achieve this, they provided support to countries facing communist threats, like economic and military aid. The US also intervened in conflicts, such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War, to stop the expansion of communism. The objective was to protect their own interests and limit the influence of communism globally.

65
Q

3 paragraph

What were relations like between Canada and the USA in the Cold War through to 2001

A

During the Cold War through to 2001, Canada and the US maintained a strong and cooperative relationship, rooted in shared values and interests. They worked closely together as NATO allies to counter the threat of communism and promote stability. Economically, the two countries enjoyed a significant trade partnership, facilitating the flow of goods, services, and investments. While there were occasional disagreements on specific issues, the overall relationship remained resilient and characterized by collaboration.

66
Q

Important dates

A

November 11, 1918
11:00 is the official end of WWI
August 6, 1945
August 9, 1945
September 11, 2001

67
Q

Indirect causes of WW2

A

-Treaty of Versailles
-The Great Depression
-Italian Fascism
-japanese Militarism
-Adolf Hitler
-Appeasement

68
Q

Dieppe

A

9 hours on August 19, 1942 @ Dieppe, Soviet Union

5,000 Canadians went to Dieppe to help take back the land

900 Canadians died, 1000 were injured and 2000 were imprisoned

This was the most Canadian deaths on a single day in WW2

PM King sent Canadian troops because he needed to divert attention from the conscription crisis

Allied powers considered Canada to have little significance prior to this battle

69
Q

Battle of the Atlantic

A

1941-1943 in the Atlantic Ocean

Longest battle in WW2

Germany started this for 2 reasons:
-Cut off supply lines between North America and Britain
-Gain control over the water

The Canadian Navy had 370 ships and approx 100,000 soldiers

Over 2000 Canadian soldiers died; most Canadian contribution

Canadian citizens helped transport materials to Europe
-Supplied the ships so Britain had food out there

Sonar was developed and helped Allies detect U-Boats

70
Q

Battle of stalingrad

A

1942-1945 @ Soviet Union
Germans tried to move farther into Russia, but but were not prepared for the harsh winter

**Hitler’s Second Blunder: Rather than turning back and coming back with proper equipment, Hitler made them continue, and they eventually dug in for the winter, but now they had damaged equipment and injuries

As the Russians started attacking the Germans, a major turning point occurred.

***Hitler’s Third Blunder: He redirected the 4th Army towards Stalingrad, which left the South part undefended and compromisable

The Soviet Union won this battle and they pushed the Nazis all the way out of Russia.

Germany no longer had access to the oil fields that were East of Stalingrad

71
Q

Liberating the Netherlands

A

May 5, 1945 @ South of Berlin, Germany

Canadians made the Nazis leave the Netherlands so they could move in to Germany

Canadian troops were the ones who pushed German troops out of the country.

Following this, Canada and the Soviet moved into Germany and destroyed cities.

**Hitler killed himself to avoid facing punishments and reparations.

72
Q

Canada’s role in foreign affairs

A

Lester B Pearson, Canada’s Minister of External Affairs, proposed the idea of a United Nations Emergency Force. Which would keep members of war apart while they tried to settle the Suez Crisis. Battle forces were taken out and replaced with UN peacekeeping forces. Pearson won a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in 1957

Socials 10 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions