Final Exam Review Flashcards
Normal Behavior
- individual behavior similar to those of the same species
- relaxed
- alert
- stand, sit, or lie comfortably
- ears erect and forward
Abnormal Behavior
- individual behavior that is not similar to those of the same species
- showing aggression
- stiff body posture
- shaking
- lowering body or tail
- showing teeth
- cowering
Types of Animal Behavior
- normal behavior
- abnormal
- exotic
- aggressive
- genetics & instinct
Learned Behaviors
- learned behavior
- habituation
- conditioning
- observation
- playing
- imprinting
Pheromones
- influnces the behavior of other animals in the species
- aggregation
- alarm
- territorial
- trail
- sex
Aggregation Pheromones
- promotes grouping of animals
- attracts both male & female
- groups for protection, migration, & mating
Alarm Pheromones
- warn animals of predators & threats
- triggers defensice & aggressive behavior
Territorial Pheromones
- claimed area
- warns other animals of dominant animals
- can be used to recognize other animals
Trail Pheromones
- allow animals to follow one another
- lead others to food sources, new colonies, and prey animals to kill
- help lost animals to find the group by the scent
Sex Pheromones
- attracts the opposite sex in animals
- Know when the opposite sex animal is ready for mating
- predators lure prey into capture
Hormones
- chemical subtsnace in the body regulates specific physiological processes
- two types:
steroid hormones
&
amino acid hormones
Steroid Hormones
crucial for proper bodily functions
- sex hormones
Amino Acid Hormones
obtain from amino acids and secreted from the adrenal medulla
- includes epinephrine & norepinephrine
Sex Hormones
- sexual development and reproduction
- female hormones: Estrogen & Progesterone
- male hormones: testosterone
External factors affecting animal behavior
- Environmental
- threats to safety
- communication
- chemoreception
- mechanoreception
- visual communication
- vocal communication
- courtship rituals
Cardiovascular System
circulates blood through the body; composed of the heart and vessels
Digestive System
set of organs designed to breakdown and absorb food
excretory system
removes waste from the body
immune system
set of organs and cells designed to protect the body from infectious agents and diseases
integumentary system
covering that protects animals (skin and hair/fur)
muscular system
allow movement
nervous system
cells, tissues, and organs that respond to internal and external stimuli
reproductive system
organs responsible for reproduction
long bones - ( appendicular skeleton)
found in limbs (femur and Tibia)
short bones
found in the wrist and ankle regions
flat bones
found in the pelvis and head
irregular bones
found in the vertebral column and parts of the skull
sesamoid bones
locations where tendons pass over joints (knee)
Axial Skeleton
Bones of the head and trunk ( skull and vertebral coloumn)
