Final Exam Review Flashcards
Which cranial nerve innervates the mandible?
CN-V
Which cranial nerve innervates the lips?
CN-VIII
Which cranial nerve innervates the tongue?
CN-XII
Which cranial nerve innervates the soft palate/most palatal muscles?
CN-IX and X
Excessive lingual rocking and freezing is seen in patients with:
Parkinson’s Disease
Two statements are true about drug administration and absorption in pharmacokinetics:
- crushing the pills after the drug release and peak time
- aging related changes do not impact the drug ingestion
- risk of aspiration is highest in patients with CVA when taken pills with liquids or solids compared to consuming liquids or solids alone
- round shaped pills are easier to swallow compared to oval-shaped pills
the following can be seen in a person who has damage in bilateral inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue:
they can curl their tongue upwards but NOT downwards
damage to either sphincter cases nasal regurgitation or material entering into the nasopharynx
velopharynx
clinical changes in swallowing seen in patients with tracheostomy (choose two):
- increased pharyngeal sensation
- increased subglottal pressure
- poor smell (olfaction) and taste; loss of appetite
- laryngeal tethering and risk of aspiration
which is true about achalasisa
- despite hyperfunction/spasms in esophagus, the primary peristalic waves are normal
- it gives a “cork-screw” appearance in esophageal barium swallow study
- all the mentioned above are true
- it is the failure of relaxation in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which does not let the bolus enter into the stomach
During an oral mech exam, I placed a lemon water swab on Justin Bieber’s anterior 2/3rds of the tongue. He said, “yeah, I got that yummy-yum that yummy0yum..that yummy-yum but couldn’t sense the touch. What cranial nerve is most likely damaged?
- CN-X
- CN-IX
- CN-VII
CN-V
a cracked tongue indicates
dehydration
anterior tongue (in pharyngeal phase)
elevates
posterior tongue (in pharyngeal phase)
depresses
velopharynx (in pharyngeal phase)
elevation and retraction
epiglottis (in pharyngeal phase)
closure and inversion
hyolarynx (in pharyngeal phase)
excursion/elevation
UES/PE Segment (in pharyngeal phase)
relaxation and opening
a consequence of a swallowing disorder
dehydration and malnutrition
what does pre-prandial aspiration indicate?
delayed pharyngeal resposne
what does prandial aspiration indicate?
vocal fold paralysis
what does post-prandial aspiration indicate?
GERD
what does silent aspiration indicate?
sensory nerve lesions
which of the following is true about pharyngeal muscles?
- all of the options are true
- pharyngeal muscles contract creating a stripping wave to push the bolus into the esophagus
- when longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, it shortens the length of the pharynx
- when pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract, it decreases the diameter of the pharynx and makes it smaller
true or false:
the true incidence of swallowing disorder is unknown as dysphagia is a symptom following a primary diagnosis rather than a disease
what cranial nerve is CN-V?
trigeminal nerve
what cranial nerve is CN-VII?
facial nerve
what cranial nerve is CN-IX?
vestibucochlear nerve
what cranial nerve is CN-X?
vagus nerve
what cranial nerve is CN-XII?
hypoglossal nerve
which is the primary muscle to contract to increase buccal tension to hold the food while chewing and sucking?
buccinator
what is the term for difficulty swallowing?
dysphagia
which of the following are true about presbyphagia?
- reduced hyolaryngeal excursion shortens the relaxation times of UEs, which is compensated by longer durations of upper airway closure
- best swallow compensatory strategy to recommend for pill dysphagia is to crush the pills
- pill dysphagia could be common due to decreased salivary production along with xerostomia being a potential side effect in most prescribed medications
- presbyesophagus could impact the metabolism of drug and increases the drug sensitivity
- infrequent shallow laryngeal penetration might be seen
- presbyessophagys does not impact the meabolism of drug and decreases the drug sensitivity
- frequent deep laryngeal penetration might be seen
- oral and pharyngeal transit times does not change and are same as seen in younger individuals
what causes the relaxation or opening of UES?
- contraction of cricopharyngeus muscle
- posterior movement of posterior cricoid
- relaxation of cricopharyngeus muscle
- anterior movement of posterior cricoid
when you work with a patient on improving their swallow function, what are your primary goals? (choose 3 most important answer choices)
- improving their quality of life and maintain adequate nutrition
- swallow efficiency
- swallow safety
- eat and drink regular consistencies
- recommending for alternative nutritions
a muscular dehiscence is seen in the following condition between the thyropharyngeous and cricopharyngeus muscles which creates the outpouch in the hyopharyngeal space. common symptoms include regurgitation, globus sensation, and risk of post-prandial aspiration
zenker’s diverticulum
which of the following statements are TRUE (choose 2)
- if a person does not react to foods or liquids entering into the airways beyond the level of the true vocal folds, it is called silent aspiration
- when foods or liquids enter into the airways but NOT below the level of the true vocal folds, it is called aspiration
- when foods or liquids enter into the airways beyond the level of true vocal folds, it is called aspiration
- when foods or liquids enter into the airways beyond the level of true vocal folds, it is called laryngeal penetration