Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Psychology > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Biological Perspective

A

An approach that uses knowledge about underlying physiology to explain behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

An approach suggesting that behavior is primarily learned through associations, reinforcers, and observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

An approach examining mental processes that direct behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Humanitistic Psychology

A

An approach suggesting that human nature is by and large positive, and human direction is toward growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective

A

An approach developed by Frued suggesting that behavior and personality are shaped by unconscious conflicts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothesis

A

A statement that can be used to test a prediction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Independent Variable

A

In the experimental method, the variable manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on the dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dependent Variable

A

In the experimental method, the characteristic or response that is measured to determine the effect of the researcher’s manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Experimental Group

A

The participants in an experiment who are exposed to the treatment variable or manipulation by the researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Control Group

A

The participants in an experiment who are not exposed to the treatment variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Case Study

A

A type of descriptive research that closely examines an individual or small group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

A type of descriptive research that studies participants in their natural environment through systematic observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Survey Method

A

A type of descriptive research that uses questionnaires or interviews to gather data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Experimental Method

A

A type of research that manipulates a variable of interest to uncover cause-and-effect relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Correlational Method

A

A type of research examining relationships among variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

The statistical measure that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Random Assignment

A

The process of appointing study participants to experimental or control groups, ensuring that every person has an equal chance of being assigned to either

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Computed Tomography (CT or CAT)

A

a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce images of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PET Scan

A

an imaging test that produces images of your brain at work; uses a tracer to look for disease or injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computergenerated images of brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Axon

A

Skinny tube-like structure of a neuron that extends from the cell body, and that sends messages to other neurons through it’s axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dendrites

A

Tiny, branchlike fibers extending from the cell body that recieve messages from other neurons and send information in the direction of the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Soma

A

The cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that neurons use to communicate at the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter responsible for muscle movement, memory, arousal, and attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter responsible for coordination of muscle movement, attention, and please

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

GABA

A

Neurotransmitter that inhibits communication between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Glutamate

A

Neurotransmitter that promotes communication between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter that effects mood, appetite, aggression, and sleep

30
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter that helps prepare the body for stressful situations

31
Q

Thalamus

A

Processes and relays sensory information to the cortex

32
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Keeps the body’s systems in a steady state

33
Q

Amygdala

A

Processes aggression and basic emotions like fear, and the memories associated with them

34
Q

Hippocampus

A

Primarily responsible for processing and forming new memories from experiences

35
Q

Pons

A

Helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and coordinates movement between the right and left sides of the body

36
Q

Medulla

A

Oversees functions such as breathing and heart rate

37
Q

Cerebellum

A

Involved in muscle coordination and balance

38
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

responsible for language comprehension

39
Q

Broca’s Area

A

responsible for language production

40
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Learning process in which two stimuli become associated with each other; when an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to elicit an involuntary response

41
Q

Extinction (Classical)

A

The process in which the conditioned response decreases after repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus

42
Q

Extinction (Operant)

A

The disappearance of a learned behavior through the removal of its reinforcer

43
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Learning that occurs when voluntary actions become associated with their consequences

44
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

The abilitiy to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli sufficiently different from it

45
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit the conditioned response

46
Q

Secondary Reinforcer

A

A reinforcer that does not satisfy a biological need but often gains power through its association with a primary reinforcer

47
Q

Primary Reinforcer

A

A reinforcer that satisfies a biological need

48
Q

Procedural Memory

A

The unconscious memory of how to carry out a variety of skills and activities

49
Q

Episodic Memory

A

The record of memorable experiences or “episodes” including when and where they occurred

50
Q

Sensory Memory

A

A stage of memory that captures near-exact copies of vast amounts of sensory stimuli for a very brief period of time

51
Q

Short-Term Memory

A

A stage of memory that temporarily maintains and processes a limited amount of information

52
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

A stage of memory with essentially unlimited capacity and the ability to store information indefinitely

53
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages (in orfer)

A

Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Confusion, Initmacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, Integrity vs. Despair

54
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

55
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

A

Pre-Conventional (Avoiding Punishment, Self-Interest), Conventional (Social Acceptance, Law and Order), Post-Conventional (Social Contract, Principle)

56
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

A group of psychological disorders associated with extreme anxiety and/or debilitating, irrational fears

57
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A disabling psychological disorder that can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal motor behavior

58
Q

Typicality

A

Degree to which behavior is atypical, meaning rarely seen or statistically abnormal

59
Q

Dysfunction

A

Degree to which behavior interferes with daily life and relationships

60
Q

Distress

A

Degree to which behavior or emotions cause an individual to feel upset or uncomfortable

61
Q

Deviance

A

Degree to which behavior is considered outside the standards or rules of society

62
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

A type of therapy that focuses on behavioral change

63
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

A type of therapy aimed at addressing the maladaptive thinking that leads to maladaptive behaviors and feelings

64
Q

Humanistic Therapy

A

A type of insight therapy that emphasizes the positive nature of humankind

65
Q

Psychodynamic Therapy

A

A type of insight therapy that incorporates core psychoanalytic themes, including the idea that personality and behaviors can be traced to unconscious conflicts and past experiences

66
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization

67
Q

Social-Cognitive Perspective

A

Suggests that personality results from relationships and other environmental factors and patterns of thinking

68
Q

Achievement Tests

A

Tests designed to assess accquired knowledge, such as the SAT or ACT

69
Q

Aptitude Tests

A

Tests designed to assess a person’s potential for future learning, such as an IQ test

70
Q

Rorschach Inkblots

A

A projective personality test in which the administer shows five cards of monochrome ink plots, asking what you see

General Psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions