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EMRG 1300 > Final Exam Review!! > Flashcards

Final Exam Review!! Flashcards

This deck + mid term deck = final review!!!

1
Q

What resp disease causes inflammation of the muscosa with edema?

A

Asthma!!

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2
Q

Which resp disease causes constriction of the smooth muscle (bronchonconstriction)??

A

ASTHMA

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3
Q

Which resp diseases results in cardiac output and stroke volume lowered due to VASOCONSTRICTION??

A

congestive heart failure

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4
Q

What rep disease is destruction of the alveolar walls which leads to permanently inflated alveolar air spaces? (damaged alveoli)

A

emphysema

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5
Q

How does a pt with emphysema present?

A

PINK PUFFER
- CO2 Retainers
- skinny
- warm flushed skin
- severe dyspnea
- older and thin

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6
Q

What happens to the air when there is a partial obstruction of the bronchioles ??

A

AIR TRAPPING!!!

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7
Q

What happens when there is a total obstruction of the bronchioles?

A

when mucous plugs completely BLOCK FLOW of already narrowed passages!!!

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8
Q

Pathophysiology of bronchoconstriction?

A

airway become inflammed

bronchioles are constricted

vasoconstriction as well!!!!!!!!

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9
Q

What is the patho of hypoglycemia?

A

occurs from the lack of insulin in the body

rapid onset that can be caused by:
- not taking meds
- not eating enough
- length and exertion of physical activity
- drinking alcohol

severely low BGL is a medical emergency which can cause seizures nad brain damage. Syncope can also result

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10
Q

What is a drug BLOCKER?

A

an antagonist drug as it blocks an action of a neurotransmitter

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11
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintaining a state of equilibrium in the body!!

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12
Q

What is a MIMETIC?

A

agonist - imitates or “mimics” the action of a neurotransmitter

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13
Q

What are examples of cardiovascular drugs?

A

beta blockers

calcium channel blockers

diuretics

antiplatelets

anticoagulants

ACE inhibitors

antihyperlipidemic agents

antilanginals

nitrates

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14
Q

What are beta blockers?

A

reduce the O2 demand of the heart muscle, affects B1 (cardiac stimulation) and B2 (bronchial relaxtion) cells.

dilates blood vessels reducing BP

-LOL’s

Metoprolol: lopressor
Atenolol
Propranolol: inderal
Bisoprolol: monocur

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15
Q

What are calcium channel blockers?

A

Relaxes the smooth muscle. decreasing peripheral resistance

used to treat HTN

typically ends in -INE

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16
Q

What are diuretics?

A

decreased BP by decreasing blood volume and sodium retention

increases the elimination of water, sodium, electrolytes

Loop sparing diuretics: inhibit Na/K/2cl and transport proteins in the loop of henle
- Potassium sparing diuretics: increase diuresis but without causing potassium to leave the body
- Most common is spironolactone
- Thiazide diuretics: act by inhibiting NaCl reabsorption into the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney
- Most common is hydrochlorothiazide
- Common diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide, aldactone (spironolactone), furosemide (lasix), metolazone

17
Q

What are antilipedemic agents?

A

used to lower the amount of LDL (bad fats) in the system

often ends in -STATIN

18
Q

What are antiplatelets?

A

interfere with steps of clot formation
ASA (asaphen, entrophen, novasen)
- Dipyridamole: aggrenox
- Clopidogrel: pplavix
- Trigrelor: brilinta

19
Q

What are anticoagulants?

A

used to make the blood less viscous. increases levels of antithrombin, which then inhibits clotting factors:
Heparin (works with antithrombin) and warfarin (affects the clotting) are the most common
- Pradaxa
- Xarelto
- Eliquis: abixaban
- Enoxaparin: lovenox

20
Q

What are ACE inhibitors?

A

used to treat HTN by blocking the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme.

commonly have -PRIL
Lisinopril: Prinivil
- Accupril: Quinapril
- Enalapril: Vasotec
- Ramipril: Altace

21
Q

What are antianginals?

A

used to increase blood and O2 supply to the heart while reducing workload of the heart, can be accomplished by vasodilation or reducing vasospasm

22
Q

What are nitrates?

A

oldest drug to treat angina

dilate blood vessels and increase O2 supply to the heart

relax and dilate medium-large coronary arteries and veins, increases O2 to the heart

reduces fluid backup in the ventricles, thereby reducing cardiac workload

23
Q

WHAT IS ANGINA PATHO?

A

caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

blood carries oxygen which the heart muscle needs to survive

when the heart muscle isn’t getting enough o2. it causes a condition called ischemia

the most common cause of reduced blood flow to the heart muscles if coronary artery disease!!!

24
Q

What is a normal ETCO2 values?

A

35-45mmHg

25
Q

What happens in the body when the ETCO2 is less than 35mmHg?

A

hyperventilation/hypocapnia
too little CO2, expelling too much
LOW ETCO2 values

26
Q

What happens in the body when the ETCO2 is MORE than 45mmhg??

A

Hypoventilation/hypercapnia
too much CO2, holding onto it
HIGH ETCO2 values

EMRG 1300 (3 decks)

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