Final Exam Review Flashcards
What contributed most significantly to the change in lifestyle that defined the Archaic Era?
The cultivation of maize
What was the role of women in most pre-Columbian North American societies?
Women held political, social, and economic power in their clans.
What is the main reason for cultural variations in North American Native cultures?
Terrain
Which statement describes the pre-Columbian relationship to private property?
The concept of private property was largely unfamiliar.
Which statement correctly explains why Islam was slow to arrive in North America from Africa?
Africans enslaved and brought to America came from areas relatively untouched by the spread of Islam.
What is true about slavery in African societies in the fifteenth century?
Slavery was not a lifelong condition.
How did European cultures at the start of the twelfth century relate to those of Northern Africa and China?
In terms of trade and travel, Europeans significantly lagged behind both Chinese and North African cultures.
Who had the least power in the feudal system?
Serfs
What group benefited the most immediately from the invention of the printing press?
The leaders of the Reformation
What was the most powerful country in Europe in 1492?
Spain
Which statement about the primary reasons for European exploration abroad is true?
Christians wanted to spread their faith to as many people as possible.
What country was the first to find an eastern sea route from Europe to India?
Portugal
What two Catholic countries appealed to the Pope to settle an early colonial dispute in the New World?
Spain and Portugal
What country established the first permanent European colonies in the Americas?
Spain
What is true of the Cortés expedition of 1519?
The destruction of the Aztec people was in large part a result of smallpox.
Which statement is true of the Columbian Exchange?
The Columbian Exchange transformed the diet of Europe.
Which colonial power focused on finding a Northwest Passage from Canada to the Pacific?
France
Which statement about the English colony at Jamestown is true?
Jamestown’s economy was solidified through indentured servitude and tobacco.
Which English colony represented the most direct compromise between Protestants and Catholics in the early 1600s?
Maryland
Which statement about the Separatists is true?
Separatists landed by accident at a site they called Plymouth, where they quickly signed an agreement to prevent them from being evicted while they awaited their patent from the British Crown.
What were the Navigation Acts designed to encourage?
English economic dominance in North America
Who ruled the proprietary colonies?
Individuals and corporations
Which proprietary colony was created in part as a haven for debtors?
Georgia
What factor provided the most common framework for positive interactions between Europeans and Indigenous peoples before 1660?
Trade
Which statement is true of Metacom’s War?
Metacom led attacks on English settlements that were the first battles of the war
Which statement is an accurate description of the result of Bacon’s Rebellion?
Expansion of colonial democracy in Virginia would come to be associated with the subjugation of Indigenous peoples
What statement about the expansion of African slavery in the Chesapeake is true?
Because indentured servants could escape and merge comparatively unnoticed into the free population, demand for enslaved Africans rose
What were laws like Maryland’s “anti-amalgamation” law and Virginia’s restrictive marriage policies designed to establish?
Racial Seperation
What European country aligned with the Iroquois to battle England in New York?
The Netherlands
What statement is true of the Salem witchcraft trials?
Cultural anxieties following a war led to the execution of twenty people
What was the primary source of New England’s burgeoning industrial wealth?
Its proximity to the coast and the fertile soil
What was the primary cause of rapid western expansion in New England in the eighteenth century?
High birthrates
How did New England society’s relationship with Puritanism develop in the 1700s?
The Puritan religious hold over New England began to slip
What was the primary export of the Chesapeake region in the first half of the eighteenth century?
Tabacco
Which statement is true of the Southern Colonies?
There was a very small middle class, and most of the working class were unpaid for their labor
To what colonies were most enslaved Africans forcibly transported during the slave trade?
The West Indies
Which statement is true of the Middle Passage?
Slave traders could expect to lose a quarter of their human cargo on the journey
What was the result of the Glorious Revolution in the colonies?
Increased legitimacy of colonial assemblies
What was the cause of the French and Indian (or Seven Years’) War?
British territorial claims in the Ohio Valley
Which statement is true of Pontiac’s Rebellion?
Both sides used biological warfare against each other
What is true of the Sugar Act?
It was designed to end the policy of salutary neglect
What did the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act both serve to support?
The British military stationed in North America
What was the most effective form of protest to the Stamp Act?
Violence
Which statement is true about the Declaratory Act?
It declared that British Parliament had ultimate authority over the colonies
What did the Restraining Act indicate about Charles Townshend’s attitude toward the colonies?
Colonial rebellion against British law would not be tolerated
What type of taxes did the Townshend Acts primarily raise?
Taxes on imported items from Britain
Which statement is true of the Boston Massacre?
The conflict was a manifestation of colonial opposition to the Townshend Acts
What was the primary purpose of the committees of correspondence?
Conveying information within the colonies
What was the Tea Act meant to guarantee?
A monopoly for a British company
What were the Coercive Acts?
Laws designed to punish Massachusetts
Which statement about the underlying causes of the American Revolution is correct?
War only became inevitable when British crackdowns on local conflicts changed the tide of public opinion
What effect did Lord Dunmore’s proclamation regarding slavery have on the colonies?
Colonial anger was inflamed by Dunmore’s presumption that he could appropriate their human property
What political ideology did the Radical Whigs embrace as the cornerstone of their writings?
Republicanism
Which statement about Common Sense is correct?
It asserted that the king was interested in nothing so much as his own power
Which statement is true of the drafting of the Declaration of Independence?
A section blaming Britain for the institution of slavery was removed from it
Which statement is true of the course of the Revolutionary War?
Fighting gradually moved from North to South
What is the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
It was the first major conflict that indicated the Continental Army could beat a large British force
The support of which European nation was most crucial to American efforts in the Revolutionary War?
France
Which statement accurately describes the events immediately following Yorktown?
A conspiracy within the Continental Army threatened political stability in America
Which is true of the Treaty of Paris?
It was a triumph for American diplomacy