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World Religions > Final exam review > Flashcards

Final exam review Flashcards

1
Q

What chapters of the old testament provide the origins for Judaism?

A
  • Genesis 12: Abraham
  • Genesis 15: the Abrahamic covenant
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2
Q

What is true about Israel’s self understanding?

A
  • God-Yhwh perpetrates the covenant, and is faithful
  • Abraham-the second character or intermediary person-where the seed blessing is fulfilled
  • Land-represents the place where Israel will reside-land part of blessing
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3
Q

Where does the term “Jew” come from in the Bible?

A
  • Yehudah: “Judah” (Genesis 29:35)
  • Yehudi: “Jew”-Jerusalem (Jeremiah 34:8-9)
  • Yehudi: “Jew”-generic (Esther 2:5-6)
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4
Q

Where in Deuteronomy 28, is the covenant between God and His people mentioned as “blessings” and “curses”?

A
  • Blessings: Deut. 28:8b-10
    • set high above the nations of the Earth
    • safety amongst enemies
  • Curses: Deut. 28:36-37
    • low in the eyes of the nations
    • enemies overtake Israel
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5
Q

Where is the covenant between God and Israel expanded?

A
  • 2 Samuel 7 with the Davidic covenant; anointed one-anointing a king-one who would rule on David’s throne eternally
  • Jeremiah 31:31-34 with the Promised new covenant; “The law will be written on the hearts of the people”
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6
Q

What years are the exile of Israel?

A
  • 734 & 722 B.C.; The Northern tribes carried off to Assyria (2 Kings 17:41), the Northern Kingdom ceases to exist
  • 586 B.C. Judah is taken into Babylon-destruction of the southern kingdom, Jerusalem, and Solomon’s kingdom
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7
Q

What is true about the destruction of the temple-and the covenant?

A
  • With the destruction of the temple-desecration of the place of sacrifice–it destroys their sense of identity, but also their trust in the covenant with God was severely harmed
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8
Q

When did the return of the exiles take place?

A
  • 538 B.C. with Cyrus’ decree
  • 2 Chronicles 36:22-23, cf. Ezra 1:1-4
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9
Q

What is true about the intertestamental period?

A
  • it was 400 years of silence, people dwelling in the land, but under other kingdoms and empires rule
  • tension in self understanding-being in land, not owning land
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10
Q

What is true about second temple Judaism?

A
  • 517 B.C.–70 A.D.
  • The LXX translated ~260 B.C. indicating a recognized canon, contrary to some academic claims
  • Persia is overthrown by Greece (Alexander the Great)~333/4 B.C.
  • Greece is overthrown by Rome ~ 6 A.D.
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11
Q

What is true about the Pharisees?

A
  • they created a barrier around the law, so not to pass around/over it
  • developed an oral tradition to explain, supplement and protect the Torah
  • this oral tradition was influential in what would become the Midrash and forming of Talmud
  • Talmud and Pharisaical approach to Torah laid foundation for later rabbinic Judaism of the 6th century (keep the law on basis of self)
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12
Q

What is true about the Sadducees?

A
  • politically savvy group
  • upper class with political and economic weight
  • likely tasked with maintaining the Temple
  • followed only the written Torah
  • They denied the resurrection because they didn’t see the resurrection in the Torah
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13
Q

What is the significance of the Maccabean revolt?

A
  • Antiochus IV set up a shrine to Zeus and sacrificed a pig on the Holy altar-desecrating it
  • the Army of Maccabees took back Jerusalem
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14
Q

What is true about what came from the creation of the Religious milieu?

A
  • the idea of “temple versus teaching”
  • Sadducees as temple guardians
  • Pharisees as Torah teachers
  • Multiple rabbis teaching their own interpretation of Torah emerge
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15
Q

What is the celebration Hanukkah?

A
  • celebrates the successful revolt
  • lasts 8 nights, beginning the 25th of Kislev
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16
Q

What is Rosh Hashana?

A
  • New Years celebration
  • lasts 10 days of Awe and Renewal
  • culminates in Yom kippur
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17
Q

What is Yom kippur?

A
  • the day of atonement
  • Solemn day of fasting and prayer
  • reconcile with those from whom they are estranged
  • atonement-multifaceted answer to humanities sin
  • after the destruction of the temple, question of what do we do now? flip the celebration-10 days of somber reflection in Rosh hashana
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18
Q

What is Pesach?

A
  • passover festival
  • solemn feast
  • 8 days long
  • seder meal-retelling escape from Israel
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19
Q

What is Purim?

A
  • commemorates the story of Esther, and saving of the Jewish people
  • fun festival likened to Halloween or Mardi Gras
  • costumes are worn featuring Vashti, Mordecai, Esther & Hama
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20
Q

What is Shavout?

A
  • feast of weeks
  • celebrates harvest
  • commemorates Moses receiving the 10 commandments
  • observed by family meal and reading of the Torah
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21
Q

What is the Sabbath?

A
  • lasts from sunset Friday to Sunset Saturday
  • begins (for some) with synagogue attendance
  • mother of house lights candles anticipating coming of Sabbath, while the father recites a ritual prayer over bread and wine
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22
Q

What’s the significance of A.D. 70?

A
  • Romans destroy Jerusalem, and temple
  • made it very hard for sacrifices and atonement for their sins
  • many contemporary Jews living in Israel or land see themselves as living exile
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23
Q

What are the sources of Judaism authority?

A
  • Tanakh
  • Mishna
  • Talmud
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24
Q

What is the Tanakh?

A
  • this is the Hebrew Bible; consists of: Torah, Prophets, Writings
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25
Q

What is the Mishna?

A
  • rabbinic oral law compiled by rabbi Judah ~200 A.D.
  • six sections; agriculture, damages, sacred times, holy things, purity, women
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26
Q

What is the Talmud?

A
  • means “study/instruction”
  • codification of Jewish oral law
  • Halakha and Aggadah
  • Babylonian and Palestinian Talmud
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27
Q

What is Orthodox Judaism?

A
  • written and oral Torah are binding throughout time
  • leans on Rabbi Maimonides writings
  • 13 articles of faith
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28
Q

What are the 13 articles of faith of Orthodox Judaism?

A
  • the existence of God
  • revelation through his prophets
  • His unity (oneness with God)
  • Preeminence of Moses among the Prophets
  • His spirituality
  • God’s law given on mount Sinai
  • His eternity
  • the immutability of the Torah as God’s law
  • God alone the object of worship
  • God’s foreknowledge of men’s actions
  • retribution
  • the coming Messiah
  • resurrection
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29
Q

As Christians what articles of Orthodox Judaism can we agree with?

A

We can agree with 11 of these statements, not the statement on God’s unity-we see Him as 3 in 1, but 1 God–and we know that Jesus the Messiah has already come

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30
Q

What is reformed Judaism?

A
  • conduit of kindness
  • progressive or “liberal” Judaism
  • 3 tenets of faith
  • All humans bear God’s image and are his partners in improving the WOrld
  • Tikka Olam- repairing the World
    • inclusions, not exclusions
    • equality of women in aspects of life
    • homosexuals community invited to fully participate in synagogue life
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31
Q

What are the 3 tenets of faith in Reformed Judaism?

A
  • God
  • Torah
  • Israel
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32
Q

What are some of the origins of Zionism?

A
  • the question to segregate or integrate
  • Jews torn-remain distinctive or assimilate
  • some branches began to host synagogue services with hymns and teaching that resembled Protestant churches
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33
Q

What are some of the historical moments where antisemitism began to spread?

A
  • Karl Marx (1818-1888) had Jewish parents, converted to Christianity, but Marx wrote “On the Jewish Question” (1844)
  • 1850’s “scientific racism”-inferiority of Asiatic peoples
  • becoming successful in finance, business, and public square encouraged non-Jewish disdain
34
Q

What is true about Jewish Zionism and Christian Zionism?

A
  • early 20th century
  • financial and political cooperation based on eschatology
  • British issue Balfour declaration (1917)
  • Bolshevist revolution/coup (1917-1923)
  • Holocaust (1941-1945)
  • Israel granted statehood (1948)
  • six day war (1967)
35
Q

What does Zionism mean?

A
  • belief in Israel being its’ own state
36
Q

What is true about Hasidic Judaism?

A
  • written and oral Torah from God and timeless
  • very similar to Orthodox in belief
  • different in expression
    a) dress intentionally different counter cultural
    b) married men grow long beards and curls of hair at the temples
    c) black coats and hats on sabbath
    d) sabbath services can be somewhat exuberant
    e) believe Israel shouldn’t be a state until the Messiah comes
37
Q

What is true about ethnic Judaism?

A
  • ethnically Jewish, these Jews don;t have to adhere to practices
  • could be atheist or agnostic
  • could also be Christian or Messianic Jews
  • 1/3 of religious Jews are Christians
  • Messianic Jews or Jewish Christians
38
Q

What is Judaism’s answer to the question “Who are we”?

A
  • Chosen people of God, descended from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and they are the inheritors of the covenant
39
Q

What is Judaism’s answer to the question “where are we”?

A
  • we are in exile, awaiting a full return to the promised land
40
Q

What is Judaism’s answer to the question “what is wrong”?

A
  • Israel has offended against the covenant and is exiled from the land and the Temple
41
Q

What is Judaism’s answer to the question “What is the solution”?

A
  • piety and attention to the Torah–to be granted return to the land
42
Q

What is Judaism’s answer to the question “What Time is it”?

A
  • we are waiting for the messiah-who will lead Israel as promised seed of David
43
Q

What is Judaism’s answer to the question “Why”?

A
  • God chose Israel to be with his chosen people & make a covenant with them, might be a Kingdom of priests to worship Him, and display His power to the surrounding nations
44
Q

What does the word Islam come from?

A
  • it comes from the word for “submission”
45
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

A
  • shahada (confession)
  • Salat (prayers)
  • Zakat (Alms)-2.5%
  • Sawn (Ramadan fast)
  • Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
  • Jihad (struggle)
46
Q

What are the 6 articles of faith?

A
  • God and His oneness (tawhid)- Most influential
  • Angles (malak)
  • Holy books (Tawrah, Injil, Zabur, Qur’an)
  • Prophets (anbiya)
  • Day of judgement/resurrection (yom aq-quiyama)
  • Fate/predestination (qadr)
47
Q

What is true about the word “allah”?

A
  • Allah is not a personal name of God, al ilaha-The God, rather Allah is a reference to God
48
Q

What is true about Ramadan and Islamic countries?

A
  • everything in Muslim countries during ramadan causes the schedule of events to be flipped on its head-rescheduled
49
Q

Who gave Muhammad the Qur’an?

A
  • The angel Jibril
50
Q

What is true about the 4 scriptures that are affirmed in Islam?

A
  • Chapter 1 was given to Moses, Chapter 2 was given to David, Chapter 3 was given to Jesus, Chapter 4 was given to Muhammad
51
Q

What is the Tawrah representative of?

A
  • the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible
52
Q

What is the Injil representative of?

A
  • the Gospel
53
Q

What is the Zabur representative of?

A
  • the Psalms of David
54
Q

What is the Qur’an representative of?

A
  • the Qur’an-teachings written down by Muhammad
55
Q

What is true about the Qur’an?

A
  • it is the “verbatim” word of God
  • about the length of the New Testament
  • revealed to Muhammad over 23 years
  • organized from longest to shortest
  • chapters are called “suras”
  • reads in a disconnected fashion
56
Q

What is the Sunnah?

A
  • the actions of Muhammad-much more influential in Muslim life than the qur’an
  • talks of trimming one’s’ bear and moustache
  • brushing of the teeth
57
Q

What is the Hadith?

A
  • the “sayings” of Muhammad (like WWJD movement): ~4,000 sayings
  • Hadith criticism chain of transmission (isnad)
  • Islamic jurisprudence
    A) Hanafi
    B) Malaki
    C) Hanbaki
58
Q

What is true about Medina 1.0?

A
  • Muhammad: 570 A.D.-632 A.D.
  • 609/610 the cave of Hira and Muhammad’s first encounter with Hijra
  • The Hijra: 622 A.D./1 AH–Muhammad and his followers migrate from Mecca to Yathib/Medina
  • Return to Mecca: 629 A.D./7 AH
  • Purging of the Ka’ba & Islamic monethism
  • Death of Muhammad: 632 A.D./10AH
59
Q

Who were the viable options to replace Muhammad after his death?

A
  • Abu Bakr: Sunni
  • Ali: Shia’
60
Q

What is true about the Muslim dating system?

A
  • They use the AH year system-after Hijra pilgrimage
61
Q

Who became the first caliph after Muhammad?

A
  • Abu bakr-Muhammad’s closest friend
62
Q

What were the order of the 4 caliphs?

A
  • Abu Bakr
  • Omar
  • Uthman (thought to be the least important of the 4)
  • Ali
63
Q

What is true about the Rashidan Caliphate?

A
  • 632-661 A.D.
  • Sunni-“rightly guarded one’s”
  • Abu Bakr (632-634)
  • Umar (632-644)
  • Uthman (644-656
  • Ali (656-661)-Shia’, and the first 12 rightful Imams
64
Q

What does Islam teach about creation?

A
  • 6 days creation, God is the creator
  • Creation of man, but Angels had to bow down and worship humans
65
Q

What does Islam teach about the “slip”/fall and solution?

A
  • Heaven was where Adam and Eve were in (celestial garden), and now slipped down to Earth-forgiveness was given right away
66
Q

What is true about the Sunni and Shia’ divide?

A
  • 85-90% of Muslims in the world are Sunni
  • 10-15% of Muslims in the world are Shia
67
Q

What is the Hajj?

A
  • The pilgrimage to Mecca
68
Q

What does the term “Id Al Adha” mean?

A
  • the origins
  • Differs from Genesis 22
  • some similarities; Isaac, a sacrifice, Abraham
  • they submitted to God’s will, but there was a sacrifice still provided so there’s incongruencies within the text
69
Q

What are criticisms of Medina 2.0?

A
  • language of the Qur’an-Arabic, or Syriac?
    • multiple references in the Qur’an as “coming down in pure “Arabic”
    • the cave of treasures (4th century Syriac document)
  • Mecca and Medina-no evidence, not a trade route, goods referenced in Qur’an–not present in the Arabian peninsula
    • likely east of Mesopotamia-not the Arabian peninsula
70
Q

What is true about Muhammad in the Qur’an?

A
  • He only appears 4 times in the Qur’an
    • evidence of pre-Islamic use of Muhammad as an epithet for Jesus
    • including the inscriptions on the Dome of the Rock
71
Q

What is true about Sharia’ Law?

A
  • There are various implementations around the middle east region
  • Sharta’- a path–Iran and Afghanistan; the law is much more extreme—Egypt and Jordan less so
72
Q

What is true about Islam’s interpretation of the Bible?

A
  • There is no one understanding of how to view the Bible
  • Gabirel Said Reynolds-tahrif doesn’t mean corruption in the Qur’an
73
Q

What is true about Jesus in the Qur’an?

A
  • He is portrayed as a prophet (messenger bringing a book or revelation, prophet that points to Allah without necessarily having a book or revelation of their own)
  • Born of a virgin (Qur’an 19:19-20)
  • Worked miracles (Qur’an 2:87; 3:46; 3:49)
  • Jesus was not crucified-but ascended into heaven
74
Q

How should a Christian view the Jesus of the Qur’an?

A
  • as an Anti Christ
75
Q

What does Islam say about the “who are we” world view question?

A
  • We are Gods’ creation, descended from Adam and Hawra (biblical Eve), called to submit to Allah and Serve him
    • caliph of God
76
Q

What does Islam say about the “where are we” worldview question?

A
  • We are on the Earth-an environment created by God. Though ambiguous as far as its goodness/suitableness’
77
Q

What does Islam say about the “what’s wrong” worldview question?

A
  • humans are forgetful by nature and thereby fail to uphold Allah’s Law and submit to his guidance
78
Q

What does Islam say about the “what is the solution” worldview question?

A
  • the Qur’an is guidance to help us remember Allah’s law and submit to it.
79
Q

What does Islam say about the “what time is it” worldview question?

A
  • We are in the final epoch of the ages-which Allah has revealed his perfect law in the Qur’an. We await the end of the ages-resurrection and judgement.
80
Q

What does Islam say about the “why” worldview question?

A
  • Life is a test; those who remember the acts of Allah and submit in obedience are successful and will, by God’s mercy enter into paradise

World Religions (2 decks)

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