Final Exam Review Flashcards
duality
meaningless elements and meaningful words
displacement
talking beyond the here and now
arbitrariness
no connection between sign and meaning
discreteness
separable into discrete pieces
productivity
endless combinations of words and phrases
systematic
based on rules and regularities
derivation
adding affixes to create new words
compounding
combining two or more free morphemes
clipping
shortening words
acronym
initial letters pronounced as word
initialism
initial letters pronounced as letters
blending
combining sounds of different words
backformation
one part of speech reduced to another
functional shift
one word class to another, no form change
semantic shift
extending meaning of word to new uses
borrowing
from different language
coinage
from names or invented
derivational
change word into another word
inflectional
change word to fit role in sentence
8 inflectional morphemes
s, s, ‘s, ed, ed/en, ing, er, est
constituent
grouping of words that functions as a unit
substitution test
can sub group of words with pronoun/pro-verb
movement test
constituents can be moved in phrase
stand alone test
constituents can stand alone
tautology
always true
paraphrases
utterances that mean the same thing
entailment
utterances that imply another
contradictions
utterances that are always false
referential meaning
word means the object it refers to
sense
referent and other elements
social meaning
convey information about identity of speaker and context
affective meaning
feelings and thoughts about info
agent
person or thing doing action
patient
person or thing affected by action
experiencer
person experiencing physical or mental sensation
instrument
tool used by agent for action
cause
natural force causing change of state
recipient
person receiving something
benefactive
person benefiting from an action
locative
where action took place
temporal
when action took place
locution
actual utterance
illocution
speaker intention
perlocution
effect on listener
representative
state of affairs
commissive
commit speaker to action
directive
get hearer to carry out an action
declarative
bring about state they name
expressive
indicate psychological state or attitude
verdictive
make assessments or judgements
hyponymy
hierarchical relationship between words
meronymy
one word refers to thing part of another word’s referents (part/whole)
synonyms
words with similar meanings
antonymy
words with opposite meanings
converseness
reciprocal relationships
homonymy
same pronunciation and spelling, different meaning
polysemy
words with two conceptually related meanings
sociolinguistics
study of language in human society
register
conventional way of using language in specific context
dialect
language variety used by a group of people
determinants of speech situation
purpose, setting, participants
