Final Exam Review Flashcards by Bea Lunardini | Brainscape

Q

duality

A

meaningless elements and meaningful words

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Q

displacement

A

talking beyond the here and now

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Q

arbitrariness

A

no connection between sign and meaning

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Q

discreteness

A

separable into discrete pieces

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Q

productivity

A

endless combinations of words and phrases

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Q

systematic

A

based on rules and regularities

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Q

derivation

A

adding affixes to create new words

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Q

compounding

A

combining two or more free morphemes

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Q

clipping

A

shortening words

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Q

acronym

A

initial letters pronounced as word

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Q

initialism

A

initial letters pronounced as letters

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Q

blending

A

combining sounds of different words

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Q

backformation

A

one part of speech reduced to another

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Q

functional shift

A

one word class to another, no form change

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Q

semantic shift

A

extending meaning of word to new uses

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Q

borrowing

A

from different language

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Q

coinage

A

from names or invented

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Q

derivational

A

change word into another word

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Q

inflectional

A

change word to fit role in sentence

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Q

8 inflectional morphemes

A

s, s, ‘s, ed, ed/en, ing, er, est

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Q

constituent

A

grouping of words that functions as a unit

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Q

substitution test

A

can sub group of words with pronoun/pro-verb

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Q

movement test

A

constituents can be moved in phrase

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Q

stand alone test

A

constituents can stand alone

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Q

tautology

A

always true

Q

paraphrases

A

utterances that mean the same thing

Q

entailment

A

utterances that imply another

Q

contradictions

A

utterances that are always false

Q

referential meaning

A

word means the object it refers to

Q

sense

A

referent and other elements

Q

social meaning

A

convey information about identity of speaker and context

Q

affective meaning

A

feelings and thoughts about info

Q

agent

A

person or thing doing action

Q

patient

A

person or thing affected by action

Q

experiencer

A

person experiencing physical or mental sensation

Q

instrument

A

tool used by agent for action

Q

cause

A

natural force causing change of state

Q

recipient

A

person receiving something

Q

benefactive

A

person benefiting from an action

Q

locative

A

where action took place

Q

temporal

A

when action took place

Q

locution

A

actual utterance

Q

illocution

A

speaker intention

Q

perlocution

A

effect on listener

Q

representative

A

state of affairs

Q

commissive

A

commit speaker to action

Q

directive

A

get hearer to carry out an action

Q

declarative

A

bring about state they name

Q

expressive

A

indicate psychological state or attitude

Q

verdictive

A

make assessments or judgements

Q

hyponymy

A

hierarchical relationship between words

Q

meronymy

A

one word refers to thing part of another word’s referents (part/whole)

Q

synonyms

A

words with similar meanings

Q

antonymy

A

words with opposite meanings

Q

converseness

A

reciprocal relationships

Q

homonymy

A

same pronunciation and spelling, different meaning

Q

polysemy

A

words with two conceptually related meanings

Q

sociolinguistics

A

study of language in human society

Q

register

A

conventional way of using language in specific context

Q

dialect

A

language variety used by a group of people

Q

determinants of speech situation

A

purpose, setting, participants