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Final Exam Practice Test > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Renin and Erythropoietin secretion Activation of vitamin D are what type of function?

A

Endocretory

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2
Q

What type of kidney functions are :Fluid Balance, Electrolyte balance, waste removal and acid base balance?

A

Excretory

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3
Q

Sepsis, trauma, anaphylaxis drugs and acute glomerulonephritis are examples of what type of cause of AKI?

A

: Intra-Renal Causes of AKI

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4
Q

What are some causes of a more negative pre-pump arterial pressure?

A

-Clamped lines, kink in the arterial line between the access and the monitor, clot, increased blood pump speed, needle placement

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5
Q

What is the dialysate flow pattern that increases the rate of diffusion?

A

Counter Current Flow

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6
Q

What % is considered an excessive IDWG?

A

> 5% of Target Weight

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7
Q

Patients should be educated to take their phosphate binders when?

A

with all meals and snacks

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8
Q

When is a pre-treatment Assessment Required?

A

A pre-treatment must be completed by the nurse and documented PRIOR to treatment initiation under these conditions:
Abnormal findings on data collection, state regulation, AKI patient, new patient, Nurse is initiating treatment
*In the absence of one of the above situations the nurse has 1 hr from the start of Tx to complete and document the assessment.

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9
Q

Clotting of a High Flux Dialyzer will cause the TMP to do what?

A

Decrease

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of elevated potassium?

A

-extreme muscle weakness
-Abnormal heart rhythm

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11
Q

What is albumin(protein) needed for?

A

Maintains health
Builds/Maintains muscle
Helps fight infection
Heals wounds
Prevents anemia

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12
Q

How far apart do needle tips need to be?

A

1.5 inches

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13
Q

A hemostatic sponge is ordered, does the patient go home with it in place?

A

No, remove the sponge after hemostasis has been acheived and dress the needle sites with a sterile gauze or band-aid

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14
Q

Good needle site rotation and complete needle site clotting techniques prevent which 2 vascular access complications?

A

Prevents the formations of aneurysms and pseudo aneurysms

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15
Q

What are the 3 steps in complete access site evaluation?

A

look, listen, feel

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16
Q

What are the steps to administering Topical Anesthetic spray?

A

-Spray after access site disinfection has been completed
-Hold the can 3-7 inches from access site
- Spray for 4-10 seconds, until the skin BLANCHES.
DO NOT FROST THE SKIN

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17
Q

Why is it not necessary to flip the arterial needle?

A
  • Because it has a back eye and flipping the needle unnecessarily can lead to damage of the access.
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18
Q

These steps are completed for recirculation during treatment interruption, such as a bathroom break:

A
  • The saline line remains open and the heparin pump remains on
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19
Q

What are the different cannulator levels?

A

Beginner: Less than 6 months experience or less than 10 successful cannulations
Intermediate: 6 months experience cannulation of AVF and 10 successful cannulations
Advanced: has completed all the competencies for NFACT training, expert cannulation skills documented and can determine is rule of 6’s have been met.

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20
Q

What is the required length of time to perform scrub the hub of a CVC?

A

15 seconds

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21
Q

What is an intervention for muscle cramps?

A

Turn of UF

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22
Q

What complication is the patient placed in the Left Side Trendelenburg position for?

A

Air embolism

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23
Q

True or False: Hypertension and Hypovolemia are associated with increased mortality rate

A

True

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24
Q

True or False: Additional blood loss is prevented by providing appropriate heparin dose per physician order, using good cannulation technique, and proper rinse back after Tx

A

True

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25
What is the difference between Data Collection from a PCT and a Nurse Assessment?
Data collection PCT: Noting presence of edema, HR and Rhythm, Resp. Rate, Machine parameters and safety checks *PCTS are to document abnormal findings and notify the RN Assessment Nurse: Determining depth of edema, rate, rhythm and quality of sounds, respiration rate, rhythm effort being put into breathing, identifying unusual sounds
26
What are the interventions for a patient experiencing chest pain?
Decrease BFR (150 ml/min) and UFR, take vital signs and administer oxygen
27
For a patient experiencing an Anaphylactic Reaction, what should you do?
Stop the suspected therapy, stop the blood pump, discontinue Tx, DO NOT RETURN BLOOD
28
What is the definition of a Fever?
>100 degrees Fahrenheit or 2 above baseline with symptoms
29
True or False: The RO (reverse osmosis machine) is the primary device for purifying water?
True
30
For a patient experiencing a seizure, why would you discontinue the dialysis treatment?
If the seizure is severe or the patient does not respond to interventions
31
When listening to your patients access a whistling sound could indicate what type of stenosis?
outflow (venous) stenosis
32
What is Health Literacy?
The degree to which individuals understand basic health information
33
On a survey, a covered access can result in which type of deficiency?
Immediate Jeopardy
34
If your patient does not receive an Intradialytic infusion, what should be done with the heparin line?
clamp and knot the line
35
When should you document?
Pre treatment: BEFORE treatment is initiated machine setup and all pre-treatment information (assessment and data collection) Intradialytic: every 30 min, this includes access and face being visible Post-treatment: completed and entered AFTER treatment is terminated.
36
What is the most common type of infectious complication in a dialysis patient?
Vascular Access Infection
37
Of the 3 different types of vascular accesses which one is the most common factor contributing to infection?
CVC
38
What is the most common route pathogens are transmitted?
Contact Transmission
39
What is the single most important intervention in preventing HAI's?
Hand Hygeine
40
What are the 2 times you use soap and water for hand hygeine?
Visibly soiled hands or gloves and C.Diff
41
True or False: If a facility dialyzes Hepatitis B antigen + patients it would not be acceptable to care for hepatitis B+ patients at the same time as hepatitis B susceptible patients
True
42
What test is monthly for Hepatitis B susceptible patients?
HBsAG (surface antigen)
43
What is the BFR for a 17g needle? AP pressure?
200-250ml/min AP: -150
44
What is the BFR for a 16g needle? AP pressure?
250-350ml/min AP: -200mmHg
45
What is the BFR for a 15g needle? AP pressure?
350-450ml/min AP: -220mmHg
46
What is the BFR for a 14g needle? AP pressure?
>450ml/min AP:-260mmHg
47
What is the recommended max UFR?
13ml/kg/hr
48
What is the concept for Reasonable and prudent standard of care?
When supervising non-licensed personnel, it is the responsibility of the licensed nurse to ensure teammates also meet standards of care
49
How long does the RO need to run before performing a chlorine/chloramine test?
15 minutes
50
When is the daily water hardness test performed?
End of the day
51
True or False: Water and dialysate cultures are draw every month to monitor for bacteria and endotoxins
True
52
What is the 1st response to a final water quality alarm?
Put all machines in Bypass
53
What are some reasons for a machine conductivity alarm?
Debris in lines, equipment failure, absence of concentrate or incorrect concentrate
54
what is the acceptable total chlorine testing limit?
Less than or equal to 0.1ppm
55
Cherry red kool aid colored blood is a sign of which complication?
Hemolysis
56
What does the URR (Urea Reduction Rate) calculate?
The amount of Urea removed during a dialysis treatment (needs to be at least 65%)
57
For AKI patients why is being "wet" better than being too dry?
Helps avoid hypovolemia and hypotensive episodes
58
What are Factors influencing "K" (clearance)?
BFR BVP DFR UF goal Dialyzer surface area and membrane characteristics Adequate anticoagulation
59
What are factors that influence "t" (time)?
Longer blood/dialysate contact times more frequent or extra treatments
60
What are factors that influence "V" (volume)?
-On average a person's body is composed of 50-55% water -A persons height, weight, sex, age and amputations are included in calculating V
61
How long do you wait after lowering the blood pump speed before drawing the post treatment Kt/V?
15 seconds
62
What is the definition of Convection?
Solutes Dragged across SPM along with fluid
63
What is the definition of Ultrafiltration?
Fluid pushed through the SPM
64
What is the definition of Diffusion?
Particles move from area of high concentration to low concentration

Final Exam Practice Test (2 decks)

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