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Final Exam Practice Test > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Renin and Erythropoietin secretion Activation of vitamin D are what type of function?

A

Endocretory

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2
Q

What type of kidney functions are :Fluid Balance, Electrolyte balance, waste removal and acid base balance?

A

Excretory

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3
Q

Sepsis, trauma, anaphylaxis drugs and acute glomerulonephritis are examples of what type of cause of AKI?

A

: Intra-Renal Causes of AKI

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4
Q

What are some causes of a more negative pre-pump arterial pressure?

A

-Clamped lines, kink in the arterial line between the access and the monitor, clot, increased blood pump speed, needle placement

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5
Q

What is the dialysate flow pattern that increases the rate of diffusion?

A

Counter Current Flow

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6
Q

What % is considered an excessive IDWG?

A

> 5% of Target Weight

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7
Q

Patients should be educated to take their phosphate binders when?

A

with all meals and snacks

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8
Q

When is a pre-treatment Assessment Required?

A

A pre-treatment must be completed by the nurse and documented PRIOR to treatment initiation under these conditions:
Abnormal findings on data collection, state regulation, AKI patient, new patient, Nurse is initiating treatment
*In the absence of one of the above situations the nurse has 1 hr from the start of Tx to complete and document the assessment.

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9
Q

Clotting of a High Flux Dialyzer will cause the TMP to do what?

A

Decrease

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of elevated potassium?

A

-extreme muscle weakness
-Abnormal heart rhythm

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11
Q

What is albumin(protein) needed for?

A

Maintains health
Builds/Maintains muscle
Helps fight infection
Heals wounds
Prevents anemia

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12
Q

How far apart do needle tips need to be?

A

1.5 inches

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13
Q

A hemostatic sponge is ordered, does the patient go home with it in place?

A

No, remove the sponge after hemostasis has been acheived and dress the needle sites with a sterile gauze or band-aid

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14
Q

Good needle site rotation and complete needle site clotting techniques prevent which 2 vascular access complications?

A

Prevents the formations of aneurysms and pseudo aneurysms

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15
Q

What are the 3 steps in complete access site evaluation?

A

look, listen, feel

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16
Q

What are the steps to administering Topical Anesthetic spray?

A

-Spray after access site disinfection has been completed
-Hold the can 3-7 inches from access site
- Spray for 4-10 seconds, until the skin BLANCHES.
DO NOT FROST THE SKIN

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17
Q

Why is it not necessary to flip the arterial needle?

A
  • Because it has a back eye and flipping the needle unnecessarily can lead to damage of the access.
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18
Q

These steps are completed for recirculation during treatment interruption, such as a bathroom break:

A
  • The saline line remains open and the heparin pump remains on
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19
Q

What are the different cannulator levels?

A

Beginner: Less than 6 months experience or less than 10 successful cannulations
Intermediate: 6 months experience cannulation of AVF and 10 successful cannulations
Advanced: has completed all the competencies for NFACT training, expert cannulation skills documented and can determine is rule of 6’s have been met.

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20
Q

What is the required length of time to perform scrub the hub of a CVC?

A

15 seconds

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21
Q

What is an intervention for muscle cramps?

A

Turn of UF

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22
Q

What complication is the patient placed in the Left Side Trendelenburg position for?

A

Air embolism

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23
Q

True or False: Hypertension and Hypovolemia are associated with increased mortality rate

A

True

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24
Q

True or False: Additional blood loss is prevented by providing appropriate heparin dose per physician order, using good cannulation technique, and proper rinse back after Tx

A

True

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25
Q

What is the difference between Data Collection from a PCT and a Nurse Assessment?

A

Data collection PCT: Noting presence of edema, HR and Rhythm, Resp. Rate, Machine parameters and safety checks *PCTS are to document abnormal findings and notify the RN
Assessment Nurse: Determining depth of edema, rate, rhythm and quality of sounds, respiration rate, rhythm effort being put into breathing, identifying unusual sounds

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26
Q

What are the interventions for a patient experiencing chest pain?

A

Decrease BFR (150 ml/min) and UFR, take vital signs and administer oxygen

27
Q

For a patient experiencing an Anaphylactic Reaction, what should you do?

A

Stop the suspected therapy, stop the blood pump, discontinue Tx, DO NOT RETURN BLOOD

28
Q

What is the definition of a Fever?

A

> 100 degrees Fahrenheit or 2 above baseline with symptoms

29
Q

True or False: The RO (reverse osmosis machine) is the primary device for purifying water?

A

True

30
Q

For a patient experiencing a seizure, why would you discontinue the dialysis treatment?

A

If the seizure is severe or the patient does not respond to interventions

31
Q

When listening to your patients access a whistling sound could indicate what type of stenosis?

A

outflow (venous) stenosis

32
Q

What is Health Literacy?

A

The degree to which individuals understand basic health information

33
Q

On a survey, a covered access can result in which type of deficiency?

A

Immediate Jeopardy

34
Q

If your patient does not receive an Intradialytic infusion, what should be done with the heparin line?

A

clamp and knot the line

35
Q

When should you document?

A

Pre treatment: BEFORE treatment is initiated machine setup and all pre-treatment information (assessment and data collection)
Intradialytic: every 30 min, this includes access and face being visible
Post-treatment: completed and entered AFTER treatment is terminated.

36
Q

What is the most common type of infectious complication in a dialysis patient?

A

Vascular Access Infection

37
Q

Of the 3 different types of vascular accesses which one is the most common factor contributing to infection?

A

CVC

38
Q

What is the most common route pathogens are transmitted?

A

Contact Transmission

39
Q

What is the single most important intervention in preventing HAI’s?

A

Hand Hygeine

40
Q

What are the 2 times you use soap and water for hand hygeine?

A

Visibly soiled hands or gloves and C.Diff

41
Q

True or False: If a facility dialyzes Hepatitis B antigen + patients it would not be acceptable to care for hepatitis B+ patients at the same time as hepatitis B susceptible patients

A

True

42
Q

What test is monthly for Hepatitis B susceptible patients?

A

HBsAG (surface antigen)

43
Q

What is the BFR for a 17g needle? AP pressure?

A

200-250ml/min
AP: -150

44
Q

What is the BFR for a 16g needle? AP pressure?

A

250-350ml/min
AP: -200mmHg

45
Q

What is the BFR for a 15g needle? AP pressure?

A

350-450ml/min
AP: -220mmHg

46
Q

What is the BFR for a 14g needle? AP pressure?

A

> 450ml/min
AP:-260mmHg

47
Q

What is the recommended max UFR?

A

13ml/kg/hr

48
Q

What is the concept for Reasonable and prudent standard of care?

A

When supervising non-licensed personnel, it is the responsibility of the licensed nurse to ensure teammates also meet standards of care

49
Q

How long does the RO need to run before performing a chlorine/chloramine test?

A

15 minutes

50
Q

When is the daily water hardness test performed?

A

End of the day

51
Q

True or False: Water and dialysate cultures are draw every month to monitor for bacteria and endotoxins

A

True

52
Q

What is the 1st response to a final water quality alarm?

A

Put all machines in Bypass

53
Q

What are some reasons for a machine conductivity alarm?

A

Debris in lines, equipment failure, absence of concentrate or incorrect concentrate

54
Q

what is the acceptable total chlorine testing limit?

A

Less than or equal to 0.1ppm

55
Q

Cherry red kool aid colored blood is a sign of which complication?

A

Hemolysis

56
Q

What does the URR (Urea Reduction Rate) calculate?

A

The amount of Urea removed during a dialysis treatment (needs to be at least 65%)

57
Q

For AKI patients why is being “wet” better than being too dry?

A

Helps avoid hypovolemia and hypotensive episodes

58
Q

What are Factors influencing “K” (clearance)?

A

BFR
BVP
DFR
UF goal
Dialyzer surface area and membrane characteristics
Adequate anticoagulation

59
Q

What are factors that influence “t” (time)?

A

Longer blood/dialysate contact times
more frequent or extra treatments

60
Q

What are factors that influence “V” (volume)?

A

-On average a person’s body is composed of 50-55% water
-A persons height, weight, sex, age and amputations are included in calculating V

61
Q

How long do you wait after lowering the blood pump speed before drawing the post treatment Kt/V?

A

15 seconds

62
Q

What is the definition of Convection?

A

Solutes Dragged across SPM along with fluid

63
Q

What is the definition of Ultrafiltration?

A

Fluid pushed through the SPM

64
Q

What is the definition of Diffusion?

A

Particles move from area of high concentration to low concentration

Final Exam Practice Test (2 decks)

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