Final Exam Review 12/11/12 Flashcards
The body habitus of the very slender person
What is asthenic
In computed radiography, this houses the image storage phosphors that acquire the latent image
What is the imaging plate?
This refers to parts or angulation toward the feet
What is caudad or caudal?
This refers to parts nearest the point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning
What is proximal?
The term that refers to a hole in a bone through which blood vessels and nerves pass
What is a foramen?
The number of primary branches of the right bronchus
What is 3?
The three projections that comprise an acute abdomen series
What are AP supine abdomen, AP upright abdomen, and PA chest?
The abdominal projection that will not demonstrate free air levels within the abdomen
What is the AP supine abdomen?
The cavity that contains the heart and lungs
What is the thoracic cavity?
The thoracic structures that are of primary interest with the left lateral projection of the chest
What are the heart and left lung?
Another name for the scaphoid
What is the navicular?
The bony process that is located on the anterior surface of the proximal humerus
What is the lesser tubercle?
This structure articulates with the ulna to form the humeroulnar joint
What is the trochlea?
Of the following digits of the hand, the one that produces the least OID in the lateral projection of that digit:
Second digit, third digit, fourth digit
What is the second digit?
The projection of the forearm that requires the elbow be flexed 90 degrees
What is the lateral projection?
The end of the clavicle that articulates with the scapula
What is the lateral end?
The part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the scapulohumeral joint
What is the glenoid fossa?
The joint classification of the shoulder joint
What is ball and socket?
The bone that forms the anterior part of the shoulder girdle
What is the clavicle?
The bone that articulates with the medial end of the clavicle
What is the sternum?
The name of the small round bones located on the plantar surface of the foot, typically beneath the first MTP joint
What are sesamoids?
The tarsal bone located on the medial side of the foot between the talus and the three cuneiforms
What is the navicular?
The projection of the foot that will demonstrate the metatarsals nearly superimposed on each other
What is the lateral projection?
The degree of rotation for an AP oblique projection of the knee
What is 45 degrees?
The joint formed by the articulation of the head of the fibula with the lateral condyle of the tibia
What is the proximal tibiofibular joint?
A health professionals moral responsibility and the science of appropriate conduct toward others
What are ethics?
Receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part
What is the image receptor?
The degree of film blackening
What is radiographic or optical density?
The factor that controls radiographic contrast
What is kVp?
The person with this body habitus possesses a high, transverse stomach
What is hypersthenic?
The name of the double-walled serous membrane that encloses the lung
What is the pleura?
The central ray location for a supine AP projection of the abdomen
What is the iliac crest?
The term for the area between the two lungs
What is the mediastinum?
The number of ribs that should be demonstrated above the diaphragm on a well-inspired PA chest radiograph
What is 10?
The serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic walls
What is the peritoneum?
The bones that comprise the palm of the hand
What are the metacarpals?
The two bones that comprise the forearm
What are the radius and ulna?
The central ray location for a lateral projection of the second through fifth digits
What is the proximal interphalangeal joint or PIP?
The projection of the elbow that best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superimposition
What is the AP oblique in lateral or external rotation?
The projection of the humerus that will place the humeral epicondyles parallel to the plane of the image receptor
What is the AP projection?
Classification of bone the scapula belongs in
What are flat bones?
The border of the scapula that extends from the superior angle to the inferior angle
What is the medial or vertebral border?
The border of the scapula on which the scapular notch is located
What is the superior border?
The central ray location for an AP projection of the shoulder
What is 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process?
The projection of the shoulder that best demonstrates the greater tubercle of the humerus in profile
What is the AP projection with external rotation?
The lateral bone of the lower leg
What is the fibula?
The largest tarsal bone
What is the calcaneus?
Large process at the distal end of the tibia
What is the medial malleolus?
The constricted portion of the femur just inferior from the head
What is the neck?
The number of tarsal bones in the foot
What is seven?
This marker should be used on an upright left lateral position
What is the left marker?
This person is responsible for obtaining necessary clinical history when the radiologist is unable to see the patient
Who is the radiographer?
The difference in adjacent densities on a radiographic image
What is radiographic contrast?
The distance between the body part and the image receptor
What is OID?
This is the most convenient and effective method for preventing the spread of microorganisms
What is handwashing?
Another name for an AP supine abdomen
What is KUB?
Level of the central ray for a PA projection of the chest
What is T7?
Projection performed to demonstrate air/fluid levels in the abdomen for the patient who is unable to stand
What is the left lateral decubitus?
The two large muscles located on either side of the lumbar spine
What are the psoas muscles?
The lower, broad aspect of the lungs
What is the base?
The joint formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the middle phalanx with the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger
What is the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fourth digit?
The structure that articulates with the radial head
What is the capitulum?
The carpal bone that is most commonly fractured
What is the scaphoid?
The central area of the long, cylindrical shaft of the radius, ulna and humerus
What is the body?
The large bony process easily located by touching on the posterior aspect of the forearm
What is the olecranon process?
The large, rounded, elevated process prominently located on the lateral surface of the proximal humerus
What is the greater tubercle?
The articulation between the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus
What is the scapulohumeral joint?
The type of bone classification of the clavicle
What is long bone?
The small, synovial fluid-filled sacs, which relieve pressure and reduce friction in joint tissues
What are bursae?
The projection of the shoulder which will place the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the image receptor
What is AP projection in internal rotation?
The bones that articulate with the proximal phalanges of the foot
What are the metatarsals?
Another projection term that refers to the AP projection of the foot
What is dorsoplantar?
This projection of the knee best demonstrates the femoropatellar space open
What is the lateral projection?
The central ray location for an AP oblique projection of the foot
What is the base of the third metatarsal?
The femoral structures that articulate with the tibia
What are the condyles?
Forced or excessive extension of a limb or part
What is hyperextension?
The term that applies to turning the palm of the hand up
What is supination?
The type of violation committed if a radiographer refuses to perform an exam on an AIDS patient
What is ethical?
This type of joint only permits flexion or extension
What is a hinge joint?
This body plane divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves
What is mid-coronal?
The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle
What is the apex?
The largest organ in the abdominal cavity
What is the liver?
Breathing instructions for an AP upright abdomen
What is “hold your breath on expiration”?
The central ray location for an AP upright abdomen
What is 2 inches above the iliac crest?
A pathologic condition of the lung that involves replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli
What is pulmonary edema?
The central ray location for the PA projection of the hand
What is the third metacarpophalangeal joint or MCP?
The projection of the elbow that best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile
What is the lateral projection?
The largest of the carpal bones
What is the capitate?
The process that is located on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm
What is the radial styloid process?
Of these four fingers, index finger, thumb, small finger and ring finger, the one that produces the greatest OID in the lateral projection
What is the ring finger?
The recommended SID for AC joints
What is 72 inches?
The projection of the shoulder that best demonstrates the greater tubercle of the humerus in profile
What is the AP external rotation shoulder?
The central ray location for an AP projection of the scapula
What is 2 inches below the coracoid process?
The body position used to demonstrate the left shoulder with the PA oblique projection of the shoulder (Scapular Y)
What is left anterior oblique or LAO?
The breathing instructions for an AP projection of the scapula
What is breath normally (or shallow breathing)?
Two large eminences located on the distal end of the femur
What are the condyles?
The tarsal bone that comprises the heel of the foot
What is the calcaneus?
The largest bone of the lower limb
What is the femur?
The name of the bones the heads of the metatarsals articulate with
What are proximal phalanges?
The degree and direction of angulation for the lateral projection of the knee
What is five degrees cephalic?
This term refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment, point of reference or away from the center of the body
What is distal?
The term referring to toward the head of the body
What is cephalic?
The term that refers to the path of the x-ray beam
What is projection?
Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
What is adduction?
The best way a radiographer can control voluntary motion
What is giving clear instructions to the patient?
Name one of the projections of the abdomen that utilizes a horizontal beam
What is the AP upright abdomen or the Left Lateral Decubitus abdomen?
The respiration phase for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the supine position
What is hold your breath on expiration?
Inflammation of the bronchi
What is bronchitis?
The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity
What is pneumothorax?
The plane that must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph
What is the midsagittal plane?
The degree of flexion needed for a lateral projection of the elbow
What is 90 degrees?
The carpal bone that lies between the scaphoid and the triquetrum
What is the lunate?
The central ray location for an AP projection of the first digit of the hand
What is the first metacarpophalangeal joint?
The central ray location for an AP projection of humerus
What is the mid-humerus?
The roughened process of the humerus located superior to the intertubercular groove
What is the greater tubercle?
The breathing instructions for an AP projection of the shoulder
What is stop breathing?
The area of the proximal humerus located directly below the tubercles, which is the site of many fractures
What is the surgical neck?
The position of the humeral epicondyles in relation to the image receptor for an AP shoulder in external rotation
What is parallel?
Another name for the medial end of the clavicle
What is the sternal extremity?
The name of the lateral end of the scapular spine
What is the acromion?
The central ray location for the AP oblique projection of the toes
What is the third metatarsophalangeal joint?
The term that refers to the inferior tip of the patella
What is the apex?
The central ray location for a lateral projection of the ankle
What is the medial malleolus?
The structure of the knee that is best demonstrated with the tangential projection
What is the patella?
The projection of the knee that will place the patella over the lateral condyle of the femur
What is the AP oblique projection with lateral or external rotation?
The most common body habitus in the United States
The most common body habitus in the United States
What is sthenic?
The projection when the central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface
What is AP?
This exposure factor is used to control involuntary motion
What is exposure time?
The respiration phase needed to expand lung fields to the maximum extent possible
What is inspiration?
The plane passing through the midline of the body dividing it into equal right and left halves
What is the midsagittal plane?
In the lung, this exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide by diffusion
What is alveoli?
The optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph
What is full inspiration on the second breath?
The recommended SID for chest radiography
What is 72 inches?
Causes involuntary motion on an AP abdominal radiograph
What is peristalsis?
This structure of the upper abdomen should be seen on the abdomen radiograph when the patient is upright
What is the diaphragm?
The central ray location for a lateral projection of the hand
What is the second metacarpophalangeal joint or MCP?
The process located on the medial side of the distal forearm
What is the ulnar styloid process?
The joint formed by the articulation of the head of a metacarpal with a digit
What is the metacarpophalangeal joint?
The projection of the humerus which places the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the image receptor
What is the lateral projection?
The degree of rotation required for the PA oblique projection of the wrist in lateral rotation
What is 45 degrees?
The most anterior bony projection of the scapula
What is the coracoid process?
The bony part of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity
What is the head of the humerus?
Respiration phase for the AP and AP axial projections of the clavicle
What is expiration?
The portion of the humerus located between the tubercles and the head
What is the anatomic neck?
The central ray location for AP projection of the acromioclavicular joints
What is midline of the body at the level of the AC joints?
The central ray location for the AP projection of the knee
What is ½ in below the apex of the patella?
The structure the head of the femur articulates with
What is the acetabulum?
The structure that is located on the distal tibia
What is the medial malleolus?
The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot
What is the AP oblique in medial rotation?
The bone that articulates superiorly with the calcaneus
What is the talus?
