Final Exam Review

Question 1

IN SAN FRANCISCO WHAT TYPES OF LABOR DID CHINESE RESIDENTS COMMONLY
DO?

Answer 1

MANUFACTURING, LAUNDRY, DOMESTIC SERVICE

Question 2

WHAT IS PLACER MINING?

Answer 2

MINING OF ERODED GOLD FROM STREAM BEDS

Question 3

WHAT HAPPENED LEGALLY THAT OPENED THE WAY FOR ALMOST EVERY SORT OF
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CHINESE AMERICANS?

Answer 3

PEOPLE VS HALL (1854) MADE IT ILLEGAL FOR CHINESE TO TESTIFY AGAINST
WHITES.

Question 4

WAS GOLD MINING PROFITABLE FOR MOST CHINESE MINERS? WHY/WHY NOT?

Answer 4

A FEW BECAME VERY WEALTHY, BUT MORE FOUND ONLY “HEARTBREAK, FAILURE,
AND LONELINESS”

Question 5

WHY WAS RICE SO EXPENSIVE IN CHINESE CAMPS?

Answer 5

IT HAD TO BE IMPORTED AND WAS IN HIGH DEMAND

Question 6

WHAT IS A TRUCK GARDEN?

Answer 6

A GARDEN WHERE VEGETABLES ARE RAISED FOR A MARKET

Question 7

WHICH FORM OF MINING IS WORSE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT-PLACER MINING OR HARD ROCK MINING?

Answer 7

HARD ROCK MINING IS MORE DESTRUCTIVE

Question 8

BEYOND REMOVAL OF ADJACENT VEGETATION-HOW DID MINING CAUSE THE “GREAT
DESTRUCTION OF VEGETATION?”

Answer 8

DEMAND FOR LUMBER FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES

Question 9

HOW DID MINING CAUSE SOME STREAMS TO EXPAND TO 6X THEIR ORIGINAL SIZE?

Answer 9

STREAMS WERE OVERLOADED WITH MINING DEBRIS/TAILINGS.

Question 10

HOW DID MINING JEOPARDIZE NATIVE LIVELIHOODS?

Answer 10

POLLUTED STREAMS WITH TAILINGS, SO NO FISH. CUT DOWN TREES, KILLED GAME.

Question 11

WHAT RECOMMENDATION DID HENLEY GIVE AT THE END OF HIS “ASSESSMENT OF
MINING& IMPACT ON THE INDIANS (1853)”

Answer 11

“ESTABLISHMENT OF A SUITABLE RESERVATION AND THE REMOVAL OF THESE
INDIANS THERETO”

Question 12

HOW DID JOAQUIN MILLER REGARD NATIVE AMERICANS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT?

Answer 12

-AS STEWARDS, HE SAYS THEY, PRESERVED THE FOREST, KEPT OUT THE FIRES,
FOR IT IS THE PARK FOR THEIR DEER.

Question 13

WHAT RACIST ARCHETYPE DID JOAQUIN MILLER USE TO DESCRIBE NATIVE
AMERICANS?

Answer 13

GENTLE SAVAGE

Question 14

WHO DID JOAQUIN MILLER SAY “POURED IN AND HAD TAKEN POSSESSION [OF THE
LAND] IN A DAY?”

Answer 14

ROVING MOUNTAINEERS

Question 15

WHY WERE CHINESE LABORERS LESS LIKELY TO GET SICK WHEN WORKING ON
THE RAILROADS?

Answer 15

CLEANER/BETTER HYGIENE, ATE MORE VEGETABLES, DRANK TEA (WATER HAD TO
BE BOILED), AVOIDED ALCOHOL

Question 16

WHAT CHEMICAL WERE ONLY CHINESE WORKERS (WHO WERE FAMILIAR WITH
FIREWORKS) WILLING TO HANDLE?

Answer 16

NITROGLYCERIN

Question 17

IN WHAT WAYS DID THE CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD CHEAT THE CHINESE WORKERS
OUT OF EVERYTHING THEY COULD AFTER THE RAILROADS WERE CONSTRUCTED?

Answer 17

TRIED TO WRITE THEM OUT OF HISTORY (EXCLUDED FROM CEREMONIES +
PHOTOS), LAID THEM OFF IMMEDIATELY, REFUSED RETURN PASSAGE

Question 18

This country is currently emitting the greatest greenhouse gases per year.

Answer 18

China

Question 19

This is a set of standards created in 2015 by the U.S. EPA to cut emissions from power plants.

Answer 19

Clean Power Plan

Question 20

This is what Gardiner calls the confluence of major ethical problems around climate change, that it is global and intergenerational and presents new, unsolved theoretical problems.

Answer 20

Perfect [Moral] Storm

Question 21

This author describes the ethnic division of New Orleans, from the Antebellum period to the present, and considered the intersection of race and class in the exacerbation of suffering after Hurricane Katrina?

Answer 21

Richard Campanella

Question 22

In response to the ‘levees-only’ approach, this author suggested the adoption of this type of ideology where the environment is seen as an active player?

Answer 22

Ari Kelman

Question 23

This term refers to the process by which individuals give up some of their personal freedoms or autonomy in return for protection from the state.

Answer 23

Social contract

Question 24

Due to this social process, African Americans in New Orleans were largely relegated to areas of the city that were lower in elevation, while most white residents lived in higher elevated areas.

Answer 24

Racial segregation

Question 25

This concept can be used to understand the series of institutions and processes that disadvantage some racial groups over others in society.

Answer 25

Structural Racism

Question 26

This term refers to heat being trapped by gases in the bottom layer of the atmosphere

Answer 26

Greenhouse Effect

Question 27

What proportion of the mainstream scientific community, as defined by actively publishing climate scientists, agree that climate change is human-caused?

Answer 27

97%

Question 28

There’s no way to tell whether current climate change is human-caused or not.

Answer 28

False. Even though there are many naturally variable processes that impact global temperatures, science can show that current warming is not caused by any of these.

Question 29

Name three types of scientific evidence that tell us that climate change is caused by recent human activity.

Answer 29

Isotopic signature of CO2 showing fossil origins; distribution of heating in the atmosphere showing more intense heating in lower layers (i.e. not coming from the sun); global climate models

Question 30

the Paris accord is a binding international treaty aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions on a country-by-country basis.

Answer 30

False; the treaty is non-binding.

Question 31

Name two forms of climate geoengineering.

Answer 31

Solar Radiation Management and Carbon Dioxide Removal

Question 32

This social relationship dictates who has access to land (and other types of resources).

Answer 32

property

Question 33

The quest for this resource led to a dependence on a market economy and a loss of traditional ecological knowledge among the Abenaki people.

Answer 33

fur trade (predominantly beaver fur)

Question 34

This stereotype/trope presented the idea that Native Americans were more one with nature, and more sustainable than non-Natives. Some argue that this representation is harmful as it circumvents creating a more complex and full understanding of Native American’s histories and cultural-ecological practices.

Answer 34

Ecological Indian

Question 35

This ideology presents the farming lifestyle as the most productive way of using land and as an ideal practice for settling American land. The frontier, many of the nation’s leaders believed, should be used to further this ideology throughout the continent.

Answer 35

Agrarian Myth

Question 36

This diplomatic agreement between the U.S. and Japan led to a decrease in the number of citizenship rights given to Japanese laborers migrating to the U.S. (Hint: one loophole was the ‘picture brides’)

Answer 36

Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907)

Question 37

What law barred ‘picture brides’ from migrating to the U.S.?

Answer 37

What is the Ladies’ Agreement (1921)

Question 38

These three economic activities pulled many Chinese and Japanese laborers into California. One was meant to connect the two coasts of the country; the other was an ongoing search for precious materials; and the last continues to be a big source of economic prosperity for the state.

Answer 38

transcontinental railroad, gold mining and agriculture

Question 39

What were some of the reasons white land owners were jealous of Japanese success, which led to oppressive policies aimed to limit their economic and social opportunities?

Answer 39

Their success in agriculture – ended up producing 25% of all the crops in L.A.; even though they had small plots of land they utilized the land very effectively, which came from their experience with limited arable land access in Japan. Other factor; ideological racism

Question 40

What, according to Okihiro, was the main contribution to U.S. society that Asian and other groups of immigrants have made?

Answer 40

“in their struggles for inclusion and equality, helped to preserve and advance the very privileges that were denied to them and thereby democratized America for the benefit of all Americans “