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Geriatric > Final Exam Research II > Flashcards

Final Exam Research II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the barriers to EBP?

A 
Time
Access 
How to find the literature 
Cost 
Misconception that EBP is used over clinic knowledge
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2
Q

EBP is used to and for?

A

Locating, appraising and applying the existing research

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3
Q

Research is used for and to?

A 
Test hypothesis 
Generate new information 
Describe lived experience 
Assert connection between study concepts 
Suggest cause and effect relationship
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4
Q

What is systematic Error or bias?

A

How participants are entered to the study. For example a therapist enters a client into the study because he/or she thinks it will be beneficial for the client.

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5
Q

What is measurement bias?

A

Measuring at different times then the rest of ground rounding the data differently

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6
Q

Level II

A

Two groups, nonrandomized studies

Cohort, case-control

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7
Q

Level III

A

One group, nonrandomized

Before and after, pretest and posttest

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8
Q

Level IV

A

Descriptive studies including analysis of outcome
Singe subject design
case series

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9
Q

Level V

A

Case report and experts opinion

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10
Q

What is contamination?

A

Occurs when control groups receives intervention

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11
Q

What is baseline equality?

A

Intervention and control group should be equal on important participants characteristics… age, gender, severity of disability

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12
Q

What is Quasi-Experimental design?

A

Investigate cause relationships between variables without random assignment to experimental group

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13
Q

What does the P stands for?.

A

Probability values

The probability that will result by a chance

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14
Q

What is correlation?

A

Used to measure the extend to which two variables are associated

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15
Q

What is correlation reported as?

A

r = .##, p

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16
Q

What about the positive and negative correlation?

A

The closes to negative (-1.0) or positive (1.0) the stronger the correlation

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17
Q

True or false. Correlation causes-and-effect relationship?

A

False. The correlation does not explain why X results in Y

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18
Q

What is regression?

A

Type of analysis designed to predict the levels of another variable.

19
Q

What is the regression used for?

A

to identify risk factors as predictors of certain conditions

20
Q

What is regression reported as?

A

R2 = .##

21
Q

What Is mode?

A

The most frequent used number

22
Q

What is median?

A

Mathematical half-pint

23
Q

Parametric Variables? (quantitive research) include?

A

Interval variable - age, weight, muscle power, blood pressure
Ration Variable - absolute 0

24
Q

Non-Parametric Variable? (Qualitative Research) include?

A

Nominal - Gender, race, color, city

Ordinal - Socioeconomic status, level of agreement, developmental levels.

25
Q

Independent variable is?

A

What is being manipulated

such as intervention

26
Q

Dependent variable is?

A

is the output of the independent variable such as outcomes.

27
Q

When do you use T test?

A

Parametric

28
Q

When would you use Independent Sample? (T-test)

A

When comparing two group together

29
Q

When would you use paired sample?

A

When comparing between pretest and posttest scores in single group.

30
Q

What would you use Mann-Whitney U Test

A

Nonparametric

Used to analyze ordinal data from two groups

31
Q

What would you use Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test?

A

Non parametric

Pain Scale

32
Q

What would you use Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

A

Parametric

When there is more than 3 groups and when 2 outcomes being analyzed or repeated measures comparison

33
Q

What would you use Kruskal-Wallis H-Test?

A

Non-parametric involving 3 or more groups

34
Q

What would you use Friedman ANOVA test?

A

Non-Parametric involving comparison of 3 or more variables

35
Q

What is Reliability?

A

Each time the specific method or assessment is used, the outcome will be consistent.
Example: FRT used today, later on during a day and tomorrow should have the same results.

36
Q

Test-Retest Reliability?

A

Consistency of the measurement across time.

+.80

37
Q

Interrater Reliability?

A

Consistency of the measure across different raters
Cohen’s alpha
.90 is considered strong

38
Q

Intrarater Reliability?

A

Same therapist raters the patient on different occasion

39
Q

Internal Consistency?

A

reflects consistency within the measurement itself each part of the measures is consistent to other.
Cronbach’s alpha
+.80 or greater

40
Q

What if Validity ?

A

The degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.

41
Q

Face Validity?

A

refers to the test and it’s content or protocol if it is designed to assess the variables which are being tested.

42
Q

Content Validity?

A

Indicates and evaluates if the test covered all the aspects of the domain which is being tested.

43
Q

Criterion Validity?

A

The extent to which the test results corresponds with other valid test

44
Q

Construct Validity?

A

Extend to which the instrument generated data fits with the theory or concept

Geriatric (3 decks)

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