FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

Question 0

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the suboccipital muscle group?

Answer 0

Incorrect - “all insert on one or more occipital nuchal line”

*The obliquus capitis inferior does not have an attachment to the skull

Question 1

The foramen rotundum opens into which region of the skull?

Answer 1

Pterygopalatine region

Question 2

Which feature is consistently found on the 1st cervical vertebra?

Answer 2

Costal element

Question 3

Which joint classification - joint example is incorrect?

Answer 3

Review Joint classifications beginning pg. 276 with summary on pg. 290/291

Question 4

In an X-ray of an eight year old patient a grey line is apparent between the odontoid process and the vertebral body of axis. Which condition is most likely obeserved?

Answer 4

Os odontoideum- persistence of a subdental synchondrosis beyond age 7

Question 5

Which feature of the wall of the orbit combination is INCORRECT?

Answer 5

Incorrect “Lacrimal gland - Lateral wall”

*Correct answer is medial wall

Question 6

Which enteric nerve plexus will lie between muscle layer of the gut and influence peristaltic activity?

Answer 6

Myenteric plexus of Auerbach pg. 171

Question 7

Which special name - vertebral combination is incorrect?

Answer 7

Incorrect- “Vertebra prominens - T1”

• Vertebra prominens is another name for C7
• Vertebral Prominence is the visual surface elevation at this level

Question 8

Which ligament is correlated with Forestier’s Disease, is probably absent in the lumbar spine, and apparently functions to resist dorsi-flexion?

Answer 8

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 9

Which of the following would result in the x-ray appearance of the “collared scotty dog”?

Answer 9

Spondylolysis pg. 65

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a term or structure associated with a sympathetic pathway to the adrenal gland?

Answer 10

post-ganglionic fiber pg. 184

The post fibers are derived from the neural ectoderm and represent modified sympathetic pre-vertebral ganglions and lack any processes or (axons or dendrites) but instead synapse on the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medula to stimulate the relase of catecholamines - (epinephrine 75% and norepinephrine 25%) which act to increase HR and BP as well as mobilize glucose and fatty acids.

Question 11

The opthalmic artery will enter the orbit through which opening?

Answer 11

Optic canal pg. 235

Question 12

Which common ligament demonstrates ossification occurring primarily in males, has a high incidence in the Japanese, and is correlated with what was once called DISH but is now referred to as OPLL?

Answer 12

Posterior longitudinal ligament pg. 212

Question 13

Which of the following cranial nerves will NOT contain branchial efferent fibers?

Answer 13

CN. 12 (Hypoglossal)

BE Fibers are 7,9,10,11 pg. 162

Question 14

Which CN is the only motor nerve fiber to decussate?

Answer 14

CN 4 (Trochlear)

Also the ONLY cranial sensory nucleus which will contain primary sensory neuron cell bodies

Question 15

Which of the following items would NOT participate in the neurological pathway from T2 to the lacrimal gland as described in class?

Answer 15

????

Question 16

Which back muscle is classically said to atrophy to form the iliolumbar ligament?

Answer 16

Quadratus Lumborum

Question 17

Which is NOT characteristic of of the classical intervertebral disc description?

Answer 17

INCORRECT- “Type 1 collagen fibers predominate in the nucleus pulposus and are randomly scattered”

• Type 1 predominate the annulus fibrosis
• Type 2 are in the nucleus pulposus

Other possible answers:
*Water concentration favors water loss from the nucleus pulposus until (30 yrs old)

• Collagen fibers with the lamellus of the annulus fibrosis are angles at (50-60 degrees)
• Collagen fibers of the cartilage end plate are primarily (type 2) fibers arranged (A-P)
• (Glycosaminoglycans) are typically aggregated in the (annulus fibrosis) for water retention

Question 18

In which view of the skull would you best visualize the bregma?

Answer 18

Norma verticalis- is the view for the (coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, and bregma) pg. 232

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding curve patterns is INCORRECT?

Answer 19

INCORRECT- “Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is autosomal dominant, familial, and primarily observed in boys”

*It’s primarily observed in GIRLS!

Other possible answers:

• (Right thoracic and left lumbar) lateral curve combinations are present in about (80%) of the population
• (Swayback) may be classified as a (hyperLORDOTIC or as lordosis)
• Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis is more common in (girls)over (6 yrs old)
• Military neck may be classified as a (HYPOlordotic curve or as a kyphosis)

Question 20

Which of the following drains into the the inferior nasal meatus?

Answer 20

Lacrimal sac - the nasolacrimal duct drains the lacrimal sac into the inferior nasal meatus at an opening found at the anterior margin of the inferior nasal concha (pg. 241)

Question 21

Which ligament is identified as the elastic ligament of the spine?

Answer 21

Ligamentum Flavum

Question 22

Which transversospinalis muscle is attached to the articular process of cervicals yet absent in the lumbars?

Answer 22

Semispinalis

*Transversospinalis muscles; (Semispinalis, Multifidis, Rotators)

Question 23

Which ligament LACKS an attachment to the apophyseal regions of the vertebra?

Answer 23

Ligamentum flavum

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding the cranial fossa is correct?

Answer 24

Most of the posterior cranial fossa is formed by the tentorium cerebelli “the roof” (pg. 236)

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the muscles of the deep back?

Answer 25

INCORRECT- Longissimus muscles are found attached to articular, mammillary, and accessory processes

*The mammillary process is the attachment site for the mammillary and multifidis (M & M)

Question 26

The third cranial nerve will innervate the?

Answer 26

Levator palpebrae superioris

• (SO4-LR6)3

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 27

INCORRECT- Degenerative arthrosis and ankylosis are more common in females after age 50 (pg. 228)

• Degenerative arthrosis occurs on the iliac surface by age 40
• Ankylosis is more common in (MALES over age 50)

Question 28

A branch of which cranial nerve will pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 28

Facial Nerve - The maxillary nerve enters the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure (pg. 134)

Question 29

Which feature will be observed in the second layer of the scalp?

Answer 29

Supraorbital nerve

5 layers of the scalp: (pg. 238)

#1 Skin- sweat and sebaceous glands
#2 Connective Tissue- blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and fats
#3 Aponeurosis- epicranius muscle and galea aponeurotica 
#4 Loose Connective Tissue
#5 Periosteum- pericranium connected by sharpey's fibers

Question 30

Which of the following will be part of the “common pathway” for any sympathetic neural pathway?

Answer 30

White ramus communicans (pg. 177)

Question 31

Preganglionic sympathetic motor fibers are observed in each of the following EXCEPT?

Answer 31

Nervi erigentes

Question 32

Inflammation of the trigeminal nerve as it exits the foramen rotundum might result in loss of?

Answer 32

??