Final Exam Questions Flashcards
In McCullough v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court confirmed the:
“implied powers” of Congress.
Artisan workers:
created the nation’s earliest trade unions.
The railroad network that developed during this period linked:
the Northeast to the Northwest.
Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era?
- immigrants from Europe
- declining productivity of many eastern farms
- the growth of the population as a whole
One cause of the Panic of 1819 was:
a drop in the demand for US cotton, when English textile manufacturers began importing from India
One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the “canal age” was:
an increased white settlement in the Northwest.
The cotton gin was invented by:
Eli Whitney.
The work of Eli Whitney:
led to the expansion of the cotton culture and slavery.
When compared to working conditions in European industries, the Lowell mills were a paradise for working women.
True
In the early eighteenth century, the American Robert Fulton:
made significant advances in steam-powered navigation.
The Marshall Court upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.
True
The South was an important part of the national railroad network.
False
The American “mountain men”:
were closely tied to the expanding market economy of the United States.
The lasting significance of Gibbons v. Ogden was that it:
defined the right of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce.
The Supreme Court ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) was a victory for:
corporate contracts.
The Black Hawk War:
occurred because Black Hawk and his followers refused to recognize a treaty by which they ceded their lands to the U.S.
The so-called “corrupt bargain” of 1824 involved:
a political deal to determine the outcome of the presidential election.
When the Bank of the United States died in 1836, the country was left with a fragmented and chronically unstable banking system.
True
In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Marshall Court ruled that:
Georgia had no right to extend its laws over Cherokee territory.
To many in 1828, the election of Andrew Jackson as president was a victory for the “common man.”
True
The “spoils system” refers to:
giving out jobs as political rewards.
In the Election of 1824, Jackson claimed he had won the election, but according to the Constitution he lost the election because:(
he did not receive the majority of the electoral college votes
Adams’s nationalistic program, which was a lot like Clay’s American System, was not funded because:
Jackson’s supporters in Congress voted against it.
During the age of Jackson, politics became open to virtually all the nation’s white male citizens.
True
The Cherokee were supported in their unsuccessful battle against removal by:
the Supreme Court.
During the first decades of the nineteenth century the American view of Indians as “noble savages” changed to a view of them simply as “savages.”
True
In his victory in 1828, Jackson drew his greatest support from the:
South and the West.
The Seminole:
were never completely removed from their lands in Florida.
The advance of the southern frontier meant the spread not just of cotton but also of slavery.
True
In 1832, supporters of President Jackson held a national convention in order to:
make the nominating process more democratic.
Transcendentalists:
emphasized feeling over reason
The most noted black abolitionist of the day was:
Frederick Douglass.
During the Second Great Awakening, the Indian revivalist Handsome Lake called for:
the restoration of traditional Indian culture.
The revivalism of the Second Great Awakening was essentially restricted to white people.
False
The Second Great Awakening succeeded in restoring to prominence traditional doctrines such as predestination.
False
The Mormons were forced to abandon their settlement at Nauvoo due to persecution from neighbors.
True
In the early nineteenth century the idea of colonization, which involved the transporting of free black Americans to Africa:
was strongly opposed by free African Americans as being proslavery and antiblack
In the 1830s and 1840s, abolitionists were divided:
- by radicals and moderates within their ranks.
- over whether or not to use violence.
- by calls for northern and southern separation.
- over the question of female equality.
In the 1840s, the organized movement against drunkenness in the United States:
linked alcohol to crime and poverty.
Evangelical Protestantism added major strength to which of the following reforms?
temperance
Which of the following was arguably the most distinctive feature of Shakerism?
complete celibacy
Although it sold well, the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin had little impact on American antislavery attitudes.
False
Both Brook Farm and New Harmony were essentially failures as communal experiments.
True
To abolitionist, slavery was a question of morality, not economics.
True
The message of the Second Great Awakening:
called for an active and fervent piety.
Within the American South, the institution of slavery:
created a unique bond between masters and slaves, while isolating blacks and whites from each other and encouraging blacks to develop a society and culture of their own.
Slave families:
consistently operated on the model of the “nuclear family.”
The South, like the North, changed from an agricultural to an industrial economy during this period.
False
Ways in which slaves expressed elements of their African heritage included:
singing songs and through stories such as folktales, which used animals as symbolic models for their predicament. banjo.
During the first half of the nineteenth century, the “Cotton Kingdom”:
was the dominant source of the income of the lower South.
Which of the following was NOT a condition of slave life in the South?
the freedom to use the time after work as they wished
The “peculiar institution” was a southern reference to:
slavery.
Most southern whites who did not own slaves opposed slavery and resented the planter class.
False
The typical white southerner was:
a modest yeoman farmer.
Prior to 1860, free blacks in the South:
occasionally attained wealth and prominence and owned slaves themselves.
The expansion of southern agriculture from 1820 to 1860 was due to the expanded cultivation of:
short-staple cotton in the Black Belt.
For the most part, slaves rejected Christianity.
False
In the South, small farmers, often as much as great planters, were committed to the plantation system.
True
The South had a “colonial” economy in that:
it produced raw materials and purchased finished products.
Society in the antebellum South placed the plantation owner at the top of the social order.
True
According to the textbook authors the real cost of the war was:
forced the explosive slavery issue to the center of national politics
When Congress prohibited slavery in 1848 in the newly organized Oregon Territory southerners agreed, recognizing that the region was too far north to grow the South’s staple crops.
True
All of the following are terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, EXCEPT:
officially set the Nueces River as the official US Mexican border
Some advocates of Manifest Destiny believed the United States should control the Western Hemisphere.
True
Indian attack was the greatest danger westward immigrants faced.
False
California’s population was very homogeneous.
False
The Compromise of 1850 allowed for the admission of California:
along with a strengthened Fugitive Slave Act.
By the end of the 1840s, the territory of the United States included:
nearly the entire territory of the current continental United States.
The Wilmot Proviso:
passed the House but not the Senate.
Which part of the Compromise of 1850 was the most upsetting to Northerners?
enactment of the new Fugitive Slave Law
Which statement about Mormonism is FALSE?
It advocated sexual equality.
In the 1820s, the United States and Britain jointly occupied Oregon.
True
Before the early 1850s, Americans who traveled west on the overland trails were generally:
relatively young people who traveled in family groups.
In 1836, the Battle of the Alamo:
saw the death of Davy Crockett.
In 1844, President James K. Polk supported the acquisition of:
Oregon and Texas.
In The Pro-Slavery Argument (1837), John C. Calhoun stated that slavery was:
a “positive good.”
Abolitionism and “free soil” were essentially the same thing.
False
Southern defenders of slavery made all of the following arguments EXCEPT that:
black codes protected slaves from abuse.
At Fort Sumter:
the Confederates fired the first shot of the Civil War.
The Dred Scott decision represented a stunning defeat for the pro-slavery movement.
False
The Supreme Court held in the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857):
the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
The Lecompton constitution was a pro-slavery document.
True
Which of the following statements regarding the Kansas-Nebraska Act is FALSE?
It determined the Kansas would be slave and Nebraska would be free to maintain balance in the Senate
Stephen Douglas was a strong opponent of the transcontinental railroad.
False
Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner were on opposite sides in the battle over “bleeding Kansas.”
True
Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era?
- immigrants from Europe
- declining productivity of many eastern farms
- the growth of the population as a whole
The political party that came into being largely in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act was:
the Republican Party.
In the 1850s, the issue of slavery complicated the proposal to build a transcontinental railroad, as:
non-slave-owning northerners and slave-owning southerners could not agree on a route.
The single event that did the most to convince white southerners they could not live safely in the Union was:
John Brown’s raid.
In the 1850s, the “Young America” movement:
supported the expansion of American democracy throughout the world.
The greatest source of division in the South was:
the doctrine of states’ rights.
Which of the following was true when the Civil War began?
All the important material advantages lay with the North.
No European nation offered diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.
True
In both the North and the South, the draft was accepted with little protest.
False
George McClellan was the most important military commander in the Union.
False
African American soldiers in the Union:
experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers.
Many southerners believed that the dependence of English and French textile industries on American cotton would force them to intervene on the side of the Confederacy.
True
Which of the following was an advantage enjoyed by the South at the outset of the war?
- It would be fighting, for the most part, a defensive war.
- Most of the white population of the South supported the war.
- Northern opinion on the war was divided.
- The South had better military commanders.
Although Lincoln himself proved to be the most important Union military commander, “his general” was:
Ulysses S. Grant.
During the Civil War, the Union financed the war by all of the following methods, EXCEPT:
sold 160 acres of public land very cheaply through the Homestead Act
The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves:
in areas of the Confederacy except those already under Union control.
After the Battle of Gettysburg, the weakened Confederate armies were never again able to seriously threaten Northern territory.
True
“Copperheads” were:
often arrested on the order of President Lincoln.
When the war began, which of the following border slave states was the only one certain to remain in the Union?
Delaware
The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
officially ended slavery.
The Tenure of Office Act and the Command of the Army Act were passed by Congress to prevent southern states from sending former Confederates to Congress or from having them control the state militia companies.
False
The “Black Codes” were a set of regulations established by:
the southern states to promote white supremacy and to control the economic and social activities of the freed men.
In the period from the end of Reconstruction into the twentieth century, the Democratic Party was the political party of the vast majority of southern whites.
True
The Wade-Davis Bill sought to make it more difficult than Lincoln desired for those states which had left the Union to return.
True
Northern white Republicans who relocated to the south during reconstruction were called:
Carpetbaggers
In 1865, southern blacks defined “freedom” as:
- independence from white control.
- acquiring the legal rights to live as did whites.
- land reform.
Ulysses S. Grant’s election as president was largely a result of his being:
a triumphant commanding general of the Union army.
The growing conflict between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans was manifested in all of the following actions EXCEPT:
he convinced his home state Tennessee to refuse to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
The growing conflict between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans was manifested in all of the following actions EXCEPT:
he convinced his home state Tennessee to refuse to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
Black sharecropping:
was a very common occupation of former slaves.
Which of the following became essential institutions in the black community in the south during Reconstruction?
the schoolhouse and the black church
Even though the House’s impeachment charges were nominally based on specific “high crimes and misdemeanors,” Andrew Johnson was actually convicted by the Senate and removed from the presidency for petty political reasons.
False
President Abraham Lincoln’s “ten percent” plan for the South referred to:
the number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government.
The first Reconstruction Act contained all of the following provisions EXCEPT:
required ratification of the new state constitutions by only a majority of those voting rather than those who were registered
The elections of 1876 saw:
the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected.
By the late 1890s, a significantly smaller portion of southern blacks was allowed to vote than in the late 1860s
True
