Final Exam Questions Flashcards
Name the species Most commonly affected by white nose syndrome in bats
Little brown bats Northern Long eared bats Tricolored bats
Which blood factor triggers anthrax spore germination?
L – alanine in serum
In which cells do anthrax bacteria grow?
Macrophages
In primates, where the gross findings associated with measles infections?
Facial edema Rash
Lyssaviruses. Which glycoprotein is responsible for attachment and pathogenicity?
G glycoprotein
Which genotype causes rabies in North America
Genotype one
Which species in North America is most commonly found positive for rabies virus?
Big brown bats
Which species is responsible for the majority of the Zoomotic rabies transmission in North America?
Silver haired Bats
In carnivores infected by canine distemper virus, what is the most common secondary infection?
Toxoplasma
Which type of virus causes Aleutian disease in ferrets and mink?
Parvovirus
What are the two major diseases caused by pesti virus infection?
BVD Classical swine fever
In black footed ferrets infected with canine distemper virus, what is the most common secondary infection?
Coccidiosis
Which mineral is necessary for anthrax spore dormancy and survival
Calcium
In dogs infected with canine distemper virus, what is the most common secondary infection?
Pneumocystis carnii
What are the four broad disease syndromes associated with retroviruses?
- Malignant tumors 2. Wasting disease 3. Neuro disease 4. Immunodeficiency
Important hosts of Tularemia
Lagomorphs, rodents including voles, muskrats, lemmings, hamsters, beavers
What are the two important avian paramyxovirus
Newcastle’s disease Avian influenza
Which avian diseases are associated with birdfeeders?
Avian pox Salmonella
Differential diagnoses for multifocal, small white spots on liver in mammals
Tyzzer’s disease – Clostridium piliforme Yersiniosis – Yersinia pseudorubedculosis Tularemia - Francisella tularensis Less common salmonella/E. coli septicemia
Describe the pathogenesis resulting ultimately in death from rabies
Decrease nerve input + apoptosis = organ dysfunction = death
What key feature distinguishes Tyzzer’s Disease from Tularemia and Yersiniosis?
No splenic lesions
Name the molecular typing used for Mycobacterium
Spoligotyping PCR of 43 conserved segments
Why are birds resistant anthrax?
Body temperature is too high for replication
Describe anthrax bacteria morphology
Gram-positive Long rod in short chains
What triggers anthrax sporulation?
Decreased nutrients Decreased water
Why do anthrax spores congregate after flooding?
Hydrophobic surface layers – increased buoyancy – moves up the water table and from water onto vegetation
How many known neurotoxins are there for avian botulism? Which are most common?
7 Type C Type E
CWD – how does dose affect incubation period?
Increased dose = decreased incubation.
What species is responsible for the majority of Canadian zoonotic cases of Tularemia?
Snowshoe hare – hunters
Differential diagnoses for 1. myocardial necrosis/infarct
- Hemorrhage
- Lead poisoning West Nile virus
- Duck Plague & Avian cholera
Is yersiniosis a zoonotic risk?
Yes – Y. Entercolitica
Which avian diseases cause multifocal hepatic necrosis?
Avian cholera ( P. multocida) Avian herpesvirus – should also have hemorrhage Systemic avian pox
Name the 4 diseases of feral swine in the US
Brucella suis Trichinellosis Classical swine fever Pseudorabies
Which two species cause ringworm in Wild deer?
Microsporidim sp. and Trichophyton verrucosum
Define force of infection
Fraction of susceptible population that an infected host can contact and infect per-unit time
Which environmental conditions favor mycobacterium survival in the environment?
Cold and damp
Which bacteria most often cause secondary infections in white nose syndrome
Hafnia alvei Serratia sp. - chitinase producing
Name the fish associated tapeworm
Metorchis conjunctus
Diseases leading to Hawaiian bird extinctions
Haemosporidia Avian pox Rats
How are botulism toxins activated?
Needs protease/trypsin digestion Increased in autolytic carcasses
What virus causes inclusion body hepatitis in raptors?
Columbid herpesvirus one
Which two diseases cause explosive die-offs in waterfowl?
Avian botulism – type C Avian cholera – P. multocida
What are the three components of hemorrhagic syndrome in EHD/bluetongue infections?
Edema/transudate Thrombosis-necrosis Coagulation-DIC
Describe the 2 effects of latitude on hemorrhagic disease in deer
At northern latitudes decreased frequency of outbreaks but increased disease severity
Disease characterized by hemorrhagic enteropathy, upper G.I. erosions ulcerations, histology – vasculitis
Adenovirus hemorrhagic disease of deer
Lesions associated with adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in Deer
Pulmonary edema Intestinal hemorrhage Necrotizing stomatitis – Vasculitis related
Three viruses associated with pulmonary edema and/or hemorrhagic enteropathy in deer
Bluetongue virus Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Adenovirus hemorrhagic disease
Describe inclusion bodies associated with adenovirus hemorrhagic disease
Endothelial cells Eosinophillic Intracytoplasmic
Describe the lesion associated with canine infectious hepatitis in Black Bears
Neutrophilic meningoencephalitis
Which two general types of diseases are caused by adeno virus in deer
Hemorrhagic disease Renal epithelial necrosis
Etiology of Hepatic necrosis in California sea lions
Adenovirus
Main histologic Lesion associated with malignant catarrhal fever
Vasculitis
Describe the main lesions in mink with Aleutian disease
Decreased reproductive success We kits Renal failure/ wasting
Describe the lesions associated with Aleutian disease in ferrets
Wasting hindlimb ataxia/paresis Nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis
Describe the pathogenesis of Aleutian disease
Non- neutralizing AB to AMDV -AB overproduction – increased plasma cells – hyper globulinemia – immuno complex vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
What type of virus causes myxomatosis
Poxvirus
What type of virus causes rabbit hemorrhagic disease
Calicivirus
Which age class survives rabbit hemorrhagic disease And European brown hair syndrome
< six weeks old
Characteristic histology lesions in rabbit hemorrhagic disease
Fibrin thrombi in glomeruli Hepatic necrosis
Differentials for hemorrhage from the nose of a rabbit
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease Myxomatosis
zoonotic disease associated with hantavirus in rodents
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Increases in which species’ population results in an increased risk of yersiniosis
Muskrats
What molecule blocks flea gastrointestinal tracts and results in transmission of plague
Heme
Three clinical forms of plague
Bubonic Septicemic Pneumonic
Name the disease
myxomatosis
Which hemoglutinin subtypes are historically assoc. with high path. Avian Influenza?
H5 H7
Avian hosts of St. Louis Encephlitis
House sparrows House finches
Important viral disease of whooping cranes
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Virus that causes Bollinger Bodies
Avian Pox Virus
Which hemosporidium species does not produce black pigment (hemozoin)?
Leucocytozoan
Sarcocystis of ducks
Sarcocystis rileyi
2 most important lesions of duck plague
Fibrinonecrotic foci in GI
GI Hemorrhage
How many hosts does the winter tick have?
One
Microparasites - SIR Macroparasite - X
Distribution model
Fungal species responsible for white nose syndrome
Geomyces destructans
