Final exam questions Flashcards
What are at least two biological advantages of the rumen GIT compared to a non rumen GIT
Can hold food for a long time and is superior in nutrient absorption
What are four defining characteristics of ruminant animals
Mammals, ungulates, herbivores, have a rumen
5 sacs of the rumen and what advanage do they provide compared to if the rumen was a single continuous compartment
Cranial, dorsal, ventral, caudodorsal and caudoventral sac. Provides a large surface area for microbial fermentation- efficient digestion
2 factors that influence digestion of feed in ruminants
Size and content of the feedstuff
2 fermentation end products not useful to ruminants
Methane and CO2
Why do different sized ruminants have differnet grazing strategies
smaller ruminants typically eat things that are easier to digest while larger ruminants eat things that take longer to digest
3 different grazing strategies and how they differ from each other
Browsers- eat leaves, nuts fruit
Grazers- eat leaves and stems/stalks
Intermediate feeders- eat a combonation of the two above
3 short chain FA produced in the rumen
Proprionate, butyrate, acetate
Which material or fiber most closley reflects all of the fiber components found in plants
NDF
What is theprimary difference between the material insoluble acidic and neutral detergent
NDF contains hemicellulose while ADF does not
why do we feed ruminants carbohydrates
They are cheap and fill the animal up
4 examples of ways that VFA production can be manipulated
Changing feed tyoes, adding supplements to feed ingredients, chemically altering the way feed is made, grain to forage ratio
Primary difference between starch and cellulose
Cellulose is less digestible than starch
Which short chain FA accounts for at least 50% of ruimnal short chain FA
Acetate
Why is large lactic acid production in the rumen a concern
Can lead to rumen acidosis
Why is a large production of propionate associated with feed efficiency in ruminants
Primary strucutral heteropolysaccharide that closley associates with lignin
Which type of starch is less soluble
Corn starch
