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GEOG 201 > final exam questions > Flashcards

final exam questions Flashcards

1
Q

Address parsing is done to:
-Separate the parts of an address
-Make sure that all parts of an address have the same format
-Remove incorrect addresses prior to geocoding
-Align each address with a zip code

A

Separate the parts of an address

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2
Q

The base network data used for geocoding is referred to as:
-Reference database
-Street View
- Linear Match
-Standard data set

A

Reference database

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3
Q

Linear interpolation is used in geocoding to:
- Find the exact point where an address is matched to
-Place a point an approximate distance along a line
-Count the number of houses on the street
-Separate the component parts of an address

A

Place a point an approximate distance along a line

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4
Q

TIGER files typically contain all of the following data except:
-Number of houses per street
-Address ranges on streets
-Zip code information for streets
-Names of streets

A

Number of houses per street

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5
Q

The shortest path between an origin and other nodes on a network can be determined with:
-Dijkstra’s Algorithm
-Network Junctions
-Address Standardization
-Impedance Values

A

Dijkstra’s Algorithm

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6
Q

A file containing line segments representing roads is a:
- Street centerline file
- Transit cost file
-Connectivity file
-Address matching file

A

Street centerline file

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7
Q

TIGER files are created and maintained by
-USGS
- NAVTEQ
-US Department of Transportation
-US Census Bureau

A

-US Census Bureau

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8
Q

The number of units to travel along a link of a network is:
- Link speed
- Transit cost
-Travel vector
-Via points

A
  • Transit cost
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9
Q

In order to match an address to a particular street location, what fields are necessary to have in the reference database?
-The number of houses on the street
-The address ranges on the right and left side of the street
-The city name and zip code of the street address
-The type of address (whether residential, commercial, or industrial)

A

The address ranges on the right and left side of the street

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10
Q

In a GIS network, an “junction” represents:
- A link on the network
- An intersection on the network
-The side of the road on a network
-The boundary of a road on the network

A
  • An intersection on the network
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11
Q

A major road (such as Virginia Beach Blvd) would be represented in a GIS as:
- A single record
- Multiple records, with each representing one piece of the road
-Two records, each representing half of the road’s distance
-One file entitled “FENAME = ‘Virginia Beach Blvd’”

A

Multiple records, with each representing one piece of the road

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12
Q

Linear interpolation is used in geocoding to:
-Find the exact point where an address is matched to
- Place a point an approximate distance along a line
-Count the number of houses on the street
-Separate the component parts of an address

A

Place a point an approximate distance along a line

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13
Q

In a GIS network, an “edge” represents:
-A link on the network
- An intersection on the network
-The side of the road on a network
-The boundary of a road on the network

A

A link on the network

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14
Q

TIGER files typically contain all of the following data except:
-Number of houses per street
- Address ranges on streets
-Zip code information for streets
- Names of streets

A

Number of houses per street

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15
Q

In a TIGER 2000 file, the FEDIRP field refers to:
-Name of the street
-The direction of the prefix of a street
-The direction of the suffix of a street
-The type of road

A

-The direction of the prefix of a street

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16
Q

If an address is matched to the correct street segment but the wrong location on that street, the problem could be:

-The reference database does not contain the proper zip code information
-The address ranges in the reference database do not match the actual street address ranges in the real world
-The linear interpolation algorithm used in the process is out of date
-The street address was parsed incorrectly

A

-The address ranges in the reference database do not match the actual street address ranges in the real world

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17
Q

Setting up the components of an address in a regular format describes:
-Parsing
-Standardization
-Linear Interpolation
-Connectivity

A

-Standardization

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18
Q

What is the term used for grayscale photographs?
-bispectral
-multispectral
-panchromatic
-photogrammetric

A

-panchromatic

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19
Q

What does the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) produce?
-detailed oblique images of the major cities in the United States
-high-quality images of the farmland in the United States
-orthophotographic images for the entire United States
-yearly CIR images of farmland in the United States

A

-orthophotographic images for the entire United States

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20
Q

What does the term “nadir” refer to?
-the intensity of color or gray tones in an aerial image
-the leaning of tall objects away from the center point
-the location on the ground directly under the camera
-the uniformity of scale throughout an aerial image

A

-the location on the ground directly under the camera

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21
Q

If the photo scale of an image is 1:100, how many meters on the ground does 1 centimeter on the image represent?

-1 meter
-10 meters
-100 meters
-1000 meters

A

-1 meter

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22
Q

On a CIR image, what features are red?

-healthy vegetation
-newly plowed fields
-sediment-laden water
-urban development

A

-healthy vegetation

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23
Q

On a CIR image, why does deep water appear black? Select all that apply.

-because all wavelengths are absorbed
-because all wavelengths are reflected
-because no wavelengths are absorbed
-because no wavelengths are reflected

A

-because all wavelengths are absorbed
-because no wavelengths are reflected

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24
Q

What term refers to the grayscale levels or intensities of color in an aerial image?
-pattern
-shadow
-texture
-tone

A

-tone

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25
Q

What term refers to the apparent leaning of tall objects away from the center point of an aerial image?
-field of view
-orthorectification
-photogrammetry
-relief displacement

A

-relief displacement

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26
Q

How much ground area does a digital orthophoto quad cover?
-1 degree of latitude by 1 degree of longitude
- 3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude
-15 minutes of latitude by 15 minutes of longitude
-7.5 seconds of latitude by 7.5 seconds of longitude

A
  • 3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude
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27
Q

How does the energy of an object reach a remote sensing device? Select all that apply.
It is boosted.
It is emitted.
It is encoded.
It is reflected.

A

-It is reflected.
-It is emitted.

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28
Q

What did George Lawrence attach photographic equipment to in order take an aerial photo of San Francisco following the 1906 earthquake?
-a glider
-a hot-air balloon
-a train of kites
-an airplane

A

-a train of kites

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29
Q

Where is it illegal to fly a UAS in the United States? Select all that apply.
-airports
-beaches
-national parks
-open water

A

-national parks
-airports

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30
Q

What is the term that describes a photo taken from an angle rather than directly overhead?
-nadir
-oblique
-panchromatic
-photogrammetric

A

-oblique

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31
Q

Of the following, which Website identifies the UAS no-fly zones in the United States?
-AirMap Website
-EagleView Website
-NAIP Website
-NOAA Website

A

-AirMap Website

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32
Q

On a CIR image, why does deep water appear black? Select all that apply.
-because all wavelengths are absorbed
-because all wavelengths are reflected
-because no wavelengths are absorbed
-because no wavelengths are reflected

A

-because all wavelengths are absorbed
-because no wavelengths are reflected

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33
Q

What type of scattering occurs when the diameter of the atmospheric particles causing the scattering is smaller than the diameter of the wavelengths being scattered?
-Mie scattering
-non-selective scattering
-Rayleigh scattering
-thermal scattering

A

-Rayleigh scattering

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34
Q

What type of image results when the near-infrared band is represented by red, the green band is represented by blue, and the red band is represented by green?

-false color composite
- enhanced spectral composite
-standard false color composite
-true color composite

A

-standard false color composite

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35
Q

If a pixel displayed on a screen has a red DN of 127, a green DN of 127, and a blue DN of 127, what color is the pixel?

-black
- gray
-transparent
-white

A
  • gray
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36
Q

What is NDVI primarily used to determine?
-soil characteristics
-urban area extent
-vegetation health
-water turbidity

A

-vegetation health

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37
Q

What type of electromagnetic energy ranges from 0.7 to 1.3 micrometers?
-blue light
- green light
-middle infrared light
-near infrared light

A

-near infrared light

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38
Q

Approximately how many images can Landsat 8 capture in one day?
-16
-375
-740
-1072

A

-740

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39
Q

What is the term for a sensor’s ability to measure very fine differences in energy?
-radiometric resolution
-spatial resolution
-spectral resolution
- temporal resolution

A

-radiometric resolution

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40
Q

When was Landsat 8 launched?
-1992
- 1997
-2008
- 2013

A

2013

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41
Q

What term is used to describe the passage of energy through a target?

absorption
reflection
refraction
transmission

A

transmission

42
Q

What type of image results when the near-infrared band is represented by red, the green band is represented by blue, and the red band is represented by green?
- false color composite
- enhanced spectral composite
- standard false color composite
- true color composite

A
  • standard false color composite
43
Q

If a pixel displayed on a screen has a red DN of 0, a green DN of 255, and a blue DN of 255, what color is the pixel?

cyan
green
red
yellow

A

cyan

44
Q

Of the following types of electromagnetic energy, which has the shortest frequency?

-gamma rays
- infrared light
-radio waves
-x-rays

A

-radio waves

45
Q

What is the term for the percentage of the total incident energy per wavelength reflected from an object?

-non-selective scattering
- spectral reflectance
-spectral signature
-visible light spectrum

A
  • spectral reflectance
46
Q

The MSI sensor is onboard which satellite?

-GeoEye-1
- Landsat 5
- Sentinel-2
- SPOT 7

A
  • Sentinel-2
47
Q

What is Landsat 8’s temporal resolution?
-2 days
-7 days
-16 days
-21 days

A

-16 days

48
Q

What is the size of a typical Landsat scene?
-about 7.5 × 7.5 km
- about 16 × 16 km
-about 170 × 183 km
-about 181 × 197 km

A

about 170 × 183 km

49
Q

What orbital path do satellites follow in near-polar orbit?

-east-to-west orbital path
- equatorial orbital path
-geostationary orbital path
- north-to-south orbital path

A

north-to-south orbital path

50
Q

Which sensor does Landsat 7 carry?
-ETM+
- MSS
- OLI
- TIRS

A

-ETM+

51
Q

Why is 3DEP data considered seamless? Select all that apply

-The same datum is used throughout.
-The same elevation unit is used throughout.
-The same grid cell value is used throughout.
-The same projection is used throughout.

A

The same datum is used throughout.
The same elevation unit is used throughout.
The same projection is used throughout.

52
Q

What is the term used for the starting point when measuring elevations?

-horizontal datum
- local base level
-vertical datum
-zero contour

A

vertical datum

53
Q

What representation of the terrain surface is based on equally spaced elevation data points?
-DEM
- DLG
-LAS
-TIN

A

DEM

54
Q

Where can older U.S. topographic maps with GeoPDF features be found? Select all that apply.

  • Google Earth
  • NP Maps
    -The National Map
    -USGS Store
A

-The National Map
-USGS Store

55
Q

What is a commonly used vertical datum for U.S. geospatial data?

-NAD83
-NAVD88
-NED93
-NELV98

A

-NAVD88

56
Q

What format is the industry standard for storing lidar data?

-3DEP
-GeoPDF
-LAS
-SRTM

A

-LAS

57
Q

Of the following, what features are stored as separately accessible US Topo map layers? Select all that apply.

-boundaries
- contours
-orthophotos
-parcels

A

-boundaries
- contours
-orthophotos

58
Q

What is the result when vertical exaggeration is applied to a model?

-The corresponding image is draped over the terrain to improve visualization.
-The elevation values are adjusted to fit the range of values in the DEM dataset.
-The horizontal scale is altered to match the vertical range of values in the DEM.
-The vertical scale of the data is altered so that it is larger than the horizontal scale.

A

The vertical scale of the data is altered so that it is larger than the horizontal scale.

59
Q

What is another term for a 2.5D model?
-angular grid
-digital slope image
-pseudo-3D view
-viewshed model

A

pseudo-3D view

60
Q

What size contour interval should a small-scale map use?
-a larger contour interval than a large-scale map
-a smaller contour interval than a large-scale map
-the same contour interval as a large-scale map
-Contours should not be present due to the small scale.

A

-a larger contour interval than a large-scale map

61
Q

What does a point become when it is extruded?
-a block
-a line
-a multipatch
-a sketch

A

-a line

62
Q

What does a polygon become when it is extruded?
-a block
-a line
-a multipatch
-a sketch

A

-a block

63
Q

What makes it possible to construct 3D visualizations from UAS imagery?
-the collection of significantly overlapping images
-the extrusion of elevations during post-processing
-GPS/GNSS–computed elevations in the imagery
-real-time orthorectification during image collection

A

the collection of significantly overlapping images

64
Q

What is the term used for premade 3D objects in SketchUp?
-blocks
-faces
-components
-prisms

A

components

65
Q

How is Pix4D used with UAS imagery and photogrammetric techniques to create a mosaic and display it in 3D?
-It incorporates lidar point cloud data to improve rendering and create more accurate 3D mesh models.
-It increases the rendering speed of 3D images without having to extrude and model individual buildings.
-It locates common points between multiple overlapping images to create a 3D point cloud of those locations.

A

It locates common points between multiple overlapping images to create a 3D point cloud of those locations.

66
Q

Which intermediate file format is used to move 3D models between platforms?
-BIM
-COLLADA
-I3S
-Pix4D

A

-COLLADA

67
Q

What is the term for an image created from two images, one red and one blue, that are offset slightly to create a stereo effect?
-anaglyph
-GeoWall
-prism map
-scene layer

A

-anaglyph

68
Q

What is the term for a 3D thematic map in which the polygons are extruded to their corresponding z-values?
-3D scene layer
-COLLADA
-Pix4D image
-prism map

A

prism map

69
Q

Which of these best allows a user to display features at their correct heights from the terrain surface?
-applying base heights to the feature
-exaggerating the vertical dimension
-extruding the features from the terrain
-offsetting the features from the terrain

A

-extruding the features from the terrain

70
Q

What is the term for stretching a two-dimensional object to an assigned z-value?
-exaggeration
-extrusion
-multipatching
-segmenting

A

extrusion

71
Q

describe three main types of geospatial techonologies we have focused in on during this class

A

1.)GPS: GPS is a form of geospatial technology that is able to track your location through trilateration. It works through 3 main systems which are the space segment, control segment, and user segment.
2.)GIS: GIS is geographic information systems and deals with mapping software’s which allow us to interpret and get results form geospatial data. We can get results using things such as SQL or boolean operators to narrow down parameters.
3.)Remote sensing: the process of collecting information related to the reflected or emitted electromagnetic energy from a target by a device in an aircraft or a spacecraft at a considerable distance from that target. Some types of remote sensing systems would be things such as lidar which allow you to get point data and can build things like DEMS.

72
Q

1.)define a map
2.)discuss considerations that you as a map maker must take into account when designing a map.

A

1.) a map is a visual representation of a geographic region
2.)considerations a map maker you need to make is thinking of things like is it a large scale or small scale map, what type of projection are you going to use lambert conical or Mercator? You should also think about whether or not it is going to be a themeatic or reference map and so on. and things such as iconography

73
Q

Discuss how we use characterestics of SPATIAL resolution and SPECTRAL resolution differently when interpreting high resolution airphotos.

A

-SPATIAL: in terms of spatial resolution you can describe things by:
Pattern: The three main objects are arranged in a definite diagonal line.
Texture: The area around the three objects is of very fine texture, compared with some of the rougher textures nearby, especially to the right.
Tone: The area around the three objects is much lighter than the area of rougher texture (and that area is probably a town or city of some sort, given the pattern of the objects in this range). Given the tone and texture of the ground around the three objects, it’s likely not smooth water or grass or concrete; therefore, sand is a likely choice.
Site and association: The three objects are located in a large sandy area, adjacent to a city, with what resembles roads leading to the objects.
Size: Comparing the size of the objects to the size of the buildings indicates that the objects are very large. Even the smallest of the three objects is larger than many buildings, while the largest is greater in size than blocks of the city.
Shadow: The shadows cast by the objects indicate that not only are they tall, but they have a distinctive pointed shape at their top.
Shape: The objects are square at the base but have pointed, triangular tops, making them pyramid shaped.

-SPECTRAL: in terms of spectral composition we view images in terms of bands of lights that are expressed in different units of micro meters
blue band
the range of wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.5 micrometers
green band
the range of wavelengths between 0.5 and 0.6 micrometers
red band
the range of wavelengths between 0.6 and 0.7 micrometers
They can also be expressed in terms of how different senors express light
NIR
near infrared; the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 0.7 and 1.3 micrometers
SWIR
shortwave infrared; the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 1.3 and 3.0 micrometers
TIR
thermal infrared; the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 3.0 and 14.0 micrometers

74
Q

in developing a GIS database of spatial data which model of earths surface is used to develop the spatial reference surface of a datum

A

ellipsoid

75
Q

what marks the change between east and west longitude

A

prime meridian

76
Q

the base network data used for geocoding is referred to as
-street view
-reference database
-linear match
-standard data set

A

reference database

77
Q

the center of an aerial photo is reffered to as
-ortho point
-nadir point
-photogrammateric point
-principal point

A

principal point

78
Q

the location on the ground directly under the camera in an aerial photo is reffered to as
-nadir
-photogrammetry
-ortho
-GSD

A

-nadir

79
Q

an atmospheric window is best described as
-A hole in the atmosphere (such as an ozone) that lets electromagnetic energy through earth
-a wavelength of energy that is mostly transmitted to earth
-a wavelength of energy that is nearly 100% abosrbed by the atmosphere

A

a wavelength of energy that is mostly transmitted to earth

80
Q

our eyes are sensitive to viewing which wavelengths of light
-.3-.9um
-.4-.7um
-.1-1um
-.7-.9um

A

-.4-.7um

81
Q

panchromatic imagery displays which of the following
-black and white
-visible light colors
-color infrared
-multispectral colors

A

-black and white

82
Q

satellites in near polar orbit
-follow north to south orbital path
-follow an east to west orbital path
-are locked in a constant fixed orbital
-use equator as orbital path being followed

A
83
Q

landsat 8’s imagery is at what spatial resolution
-1m
-10m
-30m
-100m

A

-30m

84
Q

a sun synchronous orbit indicates
-the satelites continually images the same sun-illuminated location of the ground
-the orbit is set up so that an area on the ground is imaged at the same time of day
-the satellite orbits the sun in the same orbital path as the moon
-the orbit is set up so that the sun-side of the earth is imaged exactly twice in one day

A

-the orbit is set up so that an area on the ground is imaged at the same time of day

85
Q

energy passing through objects describes which of the following
-absorption
-scattering
-reflection
-transmission

A

-transmission

86
Q

healthy vegetation appears green to the human eye because
-it reflects more light in the green wavelengths than it does in the blue and red wavelengths
-it reflects more light in the green wavelengths than it does in the short-wave wavelenghts
-it reflects more light in the near-infrared wavelengths than the red wavelengths
-it absorbs a lot of light in the green wavelengths and reflects more in the red and blue wavelengths

A

-it reflects more light in the green wavelengths than it does in the blue and red wavelengths

87
Q

The data collected by lidar is reffered to as
-light source
-point cloud
-Z-scores
-L-points

A

-point cloud

88
Q

What signal is transmitted by a GPS satellite to your handheld reciever?
-distance
-angle
-time
-speed

A

-time

89
Q

The series of groundstations that help maintain the navstar GPS refers to which component of GPS
-monitor segment
-control segment
-user segment
-space segemetn

A

-control segment

90
Q

Metadata refers to:
-Data automatically created by the GIS during the digitizing process
-descriptive information about the data
-the “meta” or “control” points used in digitzing
-data manually imported into GIS

A

-descriptive information about the data

91
Q

which of the following boolean operators would be used to determine which parcel of land in a database have an assessed value of more than 100,000 and also zoned as residential areas?
-union
-intersection
-negation
-exclusive or

A

-intersection

92
Q

selecting objects from one layer based on their spatial relationship with another layer is described as
-spatial relations
-spatial selections
-spatial query
-spatial attribute

A

-spatial query

93
Q

in hillshading the user would set which two parameters
-the vertical datum and the grid cell resolution
-the altitude of the sun and its azimuth
-the vertical accuracy of the model and the steepness of the terrain
-the altitude of the sun and the vertical exaggeration of the model

A

-the altitude of the sun and its azimuth

94
Q

only being able to show one elevation value for each x/y pair of coordinates is a conceptualization of a:
-2d model
-2.5d model
-3d model
-ed model

A

-2.5d model

95
Q

a digitial terrain model that consists of regularly sampled points of elevation is a:
-DLG
-TIN
-DEM
-DRG

A

-DEM

96
Q

imaginary lines on a map that represent areas of constant elevation are:
-bands
-contours
-digital line graphs
-collars

A

-contours

97
Q

which of the following is an example of a themeatic map
-a trail of a map of a local municipial park
-a map of houston, showing the location of all gas stations and the names of major freeways
-a map of a neighborhood showing which houses are rentals and which are not
-a map of all casinos in an area

A

-a map of a neighborhood showing which houses are rentals and which are not

98
Q

you use a high precision spectroradiometer in a lab to measure reflectance of a sample of an object and see the following pattern (graph is low in red section very high in NIR section then slopes down low again in SWI section) which of the following is true

-The object is likely soil because it has high near infrared reflectance and lower reflectance of SWI
- the object is vegetation because the constrast between NIR and red relfection is great

A
  • the object is vegetation because the constrast between NIR and red relfection is great
99
Q

you open a GIS polygon layer from the city of corvallis that describes each parcel of land in the city. you plot the owner names on each parcel, and find that the one for where you live is wrong. What is likely happening
-the raster layer has the wrong projection
-the vector layer attribute table is out of date
-the vector layer location has no topology
-the raster layer attribute table is out of date

A

-the vector layer attribute table is out of date

100
Q
A

GEOG 201 (2 decks)

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