Final Exam Questions Flashcards
Where is the thumb placed in the modified pen grasp?
midway between the middle and index fingers on the opposite side of the handle
What are the types of grasps when dental assisting
modified-pen/pen grasp and palm thumb grasp
What things break down glove integrity
petroleum jelly/vaseline, alcohol based products (like hand sanitizer), washing with soap and water
What ASA classification is a patient with sever systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
ASA IV
the dental assistants chair should be positioned how heigh in comparison to the operator
4-6 in higher
Identify the condition that causes this to happen to the hands (a photo of the hand where it looks like it is sprinkling salt)
hyperventilation
carpal spasm (picture) is what?
hyperventilation
what is syncope
a transient loss of consciousness due to hypoperfusion of the brain
how is syncope characterized
by RAPID onset and SPONTANEOUS resolution
what are signs of syncope
pallor, nausea, sweating, bradycardia, and rapid fall in blood pressure
syncope is usually evoked by
by emotional stress associated with fear or pain
how long does complete recovery from syncope take
24 hrs
late syncope manifestations
yawning, difficulty breathing, pupillary dilation, cold hands and feet, dizziness, loss of consciousness, hypotension, bradycardia
what is the most common cause of syncope
vasovagal syncope
what arteries can you find the pulse with
brachial, radial, carotid
what is a common cause of syncope
orthostatic hypotension
Beating first heard (systolic) and beating stops (diastolic)
Korotkoff sound
what is the correct order of donning
gown, mask, glasses, gloves
In what region would you take blood pressure?
Antecubital fossa
what is the correct order of doffing
gloves, gown, glasses, mask
what are disadvantages of using chemical vapor as your sterilization method
-Adequate ventilation is needed; cannot use in a small room.
-Slight odor, which is rarely objectionable
“Reusable” impression trays would have what Spaulding classification?
semi-critical
what is the main cause of musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)
what is theorized to be the primary cause of disability among dentists and best describes how injury develop in dentistry
CTDs
What are the most common CTDs
chronic low back pain, tension neck syndrome, trapezius myalgia, rotator cuff impingement, carpal tunnel syndrome
what are contributing factors for work-related MSDs
routine exposure to:
Forceful hand exertions
Repetitive movements
Fixed or awkward postures
Vibrating tools
what are Dental Ergonomic Equipment
Operator stools
Patient chairs
Magnification/Loupes
Lighting systems
what are the three Ps to fitness in the operatory
posture, positioning, periodic stretching
what levels of disinfectants do we use at UMKC
intermediate level disinfectants and surface disinfectants
what type of infection is not found in the mouth
parasitic
what are the three types of sterilization
heat, filtration, radiation
what is the most common form of sterilization
heat
In healthcare facilities, sterilization is carried out by what 2 methods?
physical and chemical
what is not intended to be used as a sole or primary method of sterilization
flash sterilization
what are the primary sterilizing methods
steam under pressure and dry heat
what is the chain of infection
a source or reservoir
a susceptible host
a mode of transmission
factors that can influence a persons level of susceptibility
age, physical conditions,
medications, underlying medical conditions, and
immunizations
what are aerosols
liquid or solid particles less than 50
micrometers in diameter
what are the vital signs
temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure
if temperature is taken incorrectly will it read lower or higher
lower
What is the most amount of pressure in the heart?
systolic
Incubation stage of infection
the time between exposure to a pathogenic organism, and when signs and symptoms are first apparent
Prodromal stage of infection
he period between the appearance of initial symptoms and the full development. Early signs and symptoms of a disease appear but not yet clinically specific or severe
Acute or Period of Illness stage of infection
the signs and symptoms of the disease are most
obvious, specific and severe
Convalescent or Decline stage of infection
number of pathogens begin to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness decline. However, during this period, patients may become susceptible to developing secondary infections because their immune systems have been weakened by the primary infection.
Primary way to remove microbes before sterilization?
sanitation
a mirror would be what Spaulding classification
semi-critical
an explorer would be what Spaulding classification
critical
what are universal precautions
all blood and body fluids contaminated with blood were to be treated as infectious
what are standard precautions
apply not only to contact with blood and body fluids contaminated with blood, but to contact with all other
potentially infectious materials regardless of suspected or confirmed presence of an infectious agent.
what is administrative control and give an example
The policies, procedures, and enforcement measures targeted at reducing the risk of occupational exposure to infectious persons
Ex: postponing non-emergency treatment of patients suspected of having active COVID
what are examples of OSHA regulated waste
- Blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) in liquid or semi-liquid state
- Items caked w/ dried blood or OPIM that may release it
- Contaminated sharps
- Pathological /microbiologic waste w/ blood or OPIM
One hand method of recapping needles and replacing sharps container is an example of
Work-Practice
what are pros to dry heat sterilization
-Doesn’t dull cutting edges
-doesnt cause rust
what are cons to dry heat sterilization
-poor penetration
-handpieces won’t tolerate
-long wait time
What is the principal agent for heat-sensitive instruments used for sterilization?
Germicides
what is regulated waste at UMKC
solid waste that is soaked or saturated with blood or saliva
how often should spore testing be done
weekly
why is it good practice to change the location of the spore test each week
to help identify any “cold spots” in the sterilizer
ASA IV
A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life. Recent (less than 3 months) MI (myocardial infarction) heart attack, TIA
( transient ischemic attack) “mini stroke”
ASA V
A moribund patient who is not expected to survive 24 hours without an operation
if the blood pressure cuff is too tight
the reading will be elevated
if the blood pressure cuff is too loose
the reading will be lower
splash and splatter
mixture of air, water, and/or solid substances larger than 50 micrometers in diameter and are visible to the naked eye
aerosols
liquid or solid particles less than 50 micrometers in diameter.
droplets
are airborne particles of moisture greater than 5-
unit microns that may contain potentially infectious pathogens and is generally limited to within 3 feet of the
source
When taking a periapical radiograph, which anatomical features should you capture?
a. Crown
b. Root of tooth (including the apex)
c. Surrounding bone
When taking a bitewing radiograph, what anatomical features should be captured?
a. Crown
b. Alveolar bone support
d. Interproximal contacts
The number one reason people avoid the dentist is?
fear
The strongest predictor of dental anxiety is _______, while the weakest predictor is ______.
b. Attitude towards dentists; annual income
What is the proper sequence for reducing anxiety in children in a dental setting?
Tell-show-do
What are ways to reduce anxiety in patients?
Use N2O2 or oral sedatives
Schedule AM appointments
Which is not a MAJOR risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Stress
Dyspnea is usually due to…
COPH and asthma
The most common cause of congestive heart failure is…
Coronary heart disease
Adrenal insufficiency symptoms include
a. Tiredness
b. Weakness
c. Poor healing
A child who has asthma attacks 3-5 times/week that last for 30 minutes to several hours has…
Moderate asthma
Those with asthma should avoid…
a. Aspirin
b. Naproxen
Type I diabetes is _____ common than type II diabetes and is considered insulin _______.
a. Less; dependent
Type I diabetes usually involves childhood onset whereas Type II diabetes typically develops in adulthood.
True
Hyperthyroidism symptoms…
a. Thin
b. Hand tremor
c. Tachycardia
d. Exopthalmos
Hypothyroidism symptoms include all except…
Hypotension
Symptoms indicative of leukemia include…
Abnormal WBC count
Cushing’s disease is a result of ______ steroid levels and Addison’s disease is a result of _____ steroid levels.
High; low
Which of the following is characterized by a butterfly-shaped erythematous rash and polyarthritis?
SLE
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Extrinsic asthma?
Can be induced by psychological and physiological stress
What is NOT an example of an autoimmune disease?
Type 2 diabetes
what are examples autoimmune diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis
Hyperthyroidism
Sjorgen’s syndrome
What is a healthy INR score range for those patients on blood thinners?
2-3
Select the 2 choices that are characterized by an enlargement of their parotid glands
Excess alcohol use
Sjorgen syndrome
A1c measures which of the following?
Average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months
This is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by REVERSIBLE episodes of increased airway hyperresponsiveness
asthma
(T/F) You need to get the medical history of all patients, even if they appear healthy
true
What is the “Triad” in triad asthmatics?
a. Asthma
b. Nasal polyps that recur
c. Sensitivity to aspirin and NSAIDs
Are you hypo or hyperglycemic in diabetes mellitus?
Hyperglycemic
What type of diabetes is insulin-dependent?
Type 1 diabetes
What type of diabetes have an abrupt onset?
Type 1
What type of diabetes have a slow onset?
Type 2
What kind of respiration patterns do you get in diabetic ketoacidosis?
Kussmaul’s respiration
Diabetic ketoacidosis is rare in people with what type of diabetes?
Type 2
Do you get “fruity-smelling breath” and “Kussmaul’s breathing” in hyper or hypo-glycemia?
Hyperglycemia
Mood swings, tachycardia, lethargy, and nausea are symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia?
Hypoglycemia
If you fast (8-12 hours), your glucose level will be
80-130 mg/dL
Hyperglycemia and periodontitis are
Bidirectional
For an allergic reaction to occur, the patient must have been previously exposed to the
Antigen
What is the single most modifiable risk for cardiovascular disease?
smoking
What happens in orthopnea?
Difficulty breathing when lying down
What is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes?
Coronary heart disease
Not a side effect of nitroglycerine
pallor
When can you have elective dental treatment after MI?
2 months after
three times a week
tid
What can you give asthmatics:
Valium, O2, NO2, epi
What 3 things can chest pain cause?
Angna pectoris
Hyperventiliation
c. Acute M.I
What is the most common thing chest pain causes?
angna pectoris
Can stable or unstable angina pectoris be relieved with the use of nitroglycerin?
Stable angina
Side effects of nitroglcyerin?
Headache
Tachycardia
Flushing
d. Hypotension
Is COPD fully reversible?
no
COPD encompasses what 2 main diseases?
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Is rheumatic fever an autoimmune disease or not?
Autoimmune disease
What are some signs of adrenal insufficiency?
Orthostatic hypotension
Tired-fatigues
Weak
Inability to tolerate stress
Increased infections
This refers to a condition caused by excessive cortisol in the body
Cushings syndrome
What are some examples of when you have steroid use?
Lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Asthma
Psoriasis
What are the clinical features of cushings syndrome/disease?
Weight gain in the midsection, face, shoulders
Face = moon face
Shoulders = buffalo hump
What are the prominent features of alcohol abuse?
Enlargement of the parotid glands and spider angiomas
What are the symptoms of anemia?
a. Pallor
b. Fatigue
c. Low blood pressure
d. SOB
e. Rapid heart rate
Oral signs of anemia are?
Smooth, burning red tongue
Bleeding gums
What happen to amalgam restorations in bulimia nervosa?
Higher than surround enamel
This test is used to detect bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders
Prothrombin time
You use this ratio if you are on blood thinning medications
INR
Typical INR score range for patient on blood thinner is
INR
Is osteoarthritis an autoimmune disease?
no
Trigeminal neuralgia is stimulated by what?
Physical stimulus
Trigeminal neuralgia may disappear
Sporadically
What is the ability to cause infection and damage?
Virulence
What classification would an Amalgam condenser be?
Semi-critical
What type of control would be “recapping a needle”?
Work-practice control
What is the advantage of using chemical sterilization?
shorter cycle
What is the most common reason a sterilizer would fail a spore test?
sterilizer is overloaded
Which of the following means “heat”?
calor
what is the maximum pressure the heart exerts while beating?
systolic
What beats are heard while taking blood pressure?
Korotokoff sounds
What would occur if the blood pressure cuff is too big?
Turbulence in the reading
False, low reading
What group of individuals has the highest rate of hypertension?
Non-Hispanic blacks
Which of the following blood pressures would fall in Stage 2?
141/92
All of the following in NOT one of the 3 P’s of ergonomics
Perfection
What is the name of the position where an individual lays supine with a 15-30 degree foot elevation?
Trendelenburg position
An individual has a Severe systemic disease that is limiting movement
ASA III
Which of the following is not a sign of anxiety?
Constricted pupils
Where is the transfer zone located?
In front of the mouth at the chin level
What are the first 2 instruments used at the beginning of each procedure?
mirror and explorer
Picture of Carpal-pedal spasm. What is this?
Hyperventilation
After women no longer have gestational diabetes and their glycemic index has returned to a normal level, they will not have a risk at getting diabetes.
false
An individual is having an asthma attack and you have attempted to administer the bronchodilator 3 times and were unsuccessful. What should you use next?
epinephrine
What stage of insulin shock is characterized by being incoherent and belligerent?
moderate stage
All of the following are symptoms of Hyperglycemia
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for Cardiovascular disease?
stress
If you have diabetes, what HbA1C levels should you ideally have?
Below 6.5%
Select which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of Congestive heart failure
hypotension
How should you administer Nitroglycerin?
sublingually
What kind of oxygen is used in COPD?
low flow oxygen
Which of the following disease do you experience “Weight-loss”?
adrenal insufficiency
In which of the following do you see Cyanosis?
chronic bronchitis
Which of the following is not a symptom of anemia?
…
Which of the following is not a symptom of Anorexia?
tachycardia
Which of the following is the most common childhood disease?
asthma
(caries was not an option for us, but if it is, that is the answer)
Which of the following statements would most accurately describe “Biofilm”?
A complex matrix of microorganisms and organic something
Enamel demineralizes at what pH level?
5.5 pH
What is characterized by fruity-smelling breath and Kussmaul’s respirations?
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following is not a sign/symptom of heart disease?
Tremor
Which of the following is NOT a sign of Anemia?
…
Which of the following is NOT related to pitting edema?
Cerebrovascular disease
In which of the following do you get a rapid fall in blood pressure?
Syncope
Orthostatic hypertension
What is the best way to prevent an incident with a patient?
Know all their vitals
What is the best way to diagnose caries
eyes
what pH does enamel demineralize at
5.5
what pH does cementum and dentin demineralize at
6.6
what is a biofilm
an aggregation of microorganisms adhering to each other in a matrix
what is the pH of a normal oral cavity
6.7-7.3
_________ of sugar consumption is more important than _________ of sugar
frequency; quantity
What is the most frequent mode of transmission for bacteria in a dental office
aerosol droplets
