final exam pt 2 Flashcards
which hormone is crucial for maturing of the egg follicle?
estrogen
which hormone thickens the endometrium to prepare for zygote implantation and relaxes uterus to maintain pregnancy?
relaxes uterus
what are responsible for release of egg in ovulation, increasing labor contractions and opening the cervix for birth?
prostaglandins
what hormone decreases to trigger the period?
progesterone
when does length of pregnancy calculation start?
1st day of last menstrual period
what type of signs are amenorrhea, fatigue, n/v, breast changes, quickening and urinary frequency?
presumptive
what type of signs are Hegars, Chadwick’s, Goodells and positive pregnancy test?
probable signs
what are the positive signs of pregnancy?
- fetal heart sounds
- visualization of fetus on ultrasound
- fetal movement palpated by examiner
what are the functions of the placenta?
- transfers nutrients
- removes waste
- produces hormones (hCG)
- transfers IgG
what is the anatomy of the umbilical cord?
2 arteries, 1 vein with whartons jelly in between
what causes supine hypotension?
uterus compresses the vena cava when client lies on their back
what intervention should be taken for supine hypotension?
lie patient on side or semi sitting with knees slightly flexed
what interventions should be taken for n/v during pregnancy?
- crackers at bedside
- avoid empty stomach
- avoid spicy/greasy
- drink fluids
what is chloasma?
increase in pigmentation of the face during pregnancy
what is linea nigra?
dark line from umbilicus to pubic area during pregnancy
what is striae gravidarum?
stretch marks usually on thighs and abdomen
how early can fetal movements begin to be felt?
16 weeks
what is nulligravida?
never been pregnant
what is primigravida?
first pregnancy
what is multigravida?
two or more pregnancies
what is considered a term birth?
37 weeks or more
what is considered preterm birth?
22 -37 weeks
how is nageles rule performed?
- first day of LMP, minus 3 months, add 7 days and a year
what should client do prior to amniocentesis to reduce risk of bladder punction?
amniocentesis
what are the 5 components of the BPP?
- FHR
- breathing
- body movements
- fetal tone
- amniotic fluid index
what should the mom do when they feel movement during a NST?
push the button
what testing can the nurse expect if the non stress test is non reactive?
BPP
when will cervical cerclage be removed?
37-39 weeks
what are the risk factors for ectopic pregnancies?
- STIs
- IUD
- tubal surgery
where may referred pain be felt for ectopic pregnancies?
shoulder pain
what medication may be given to terminate an ectopic pregnancy if rupture has not occurred?
methotrexate
which procedure salvages the tube for ectopic pregnancy?
salpingostomy
which procedure is used to surgically removes the tube when ectopic pregnancy pregnancy has ruptured?
laparoscopic salpingectomy
what is HELLP syndrome?
- hemolysis
- elevated liver enzymes
- low platelets
what are manifestations r/t HELLP syndrome?
- anemia and jaundice (hemolysis)
- AST, ALT, N/V, epigastric pain (liver damage
- bleeding/thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
what med is used for eclampsia to prevent seizures?
magnesium sulfate
what are the s/s of mag toxicity?
- absent patellar DTRs
- UOP < 30 ml/h
- RR <12
- decreased LOC
- cardiac dysrhythmias
what intervention must the nurse perform if mag toxicity is suspected?
- stop the infusion
- admin calcium gluconate
what type of abortion will likely have malodorous discharge?
septic
what is required for it to be a complete abortion?
full passing of tissue
what are some nursing actions for abortion?
- bed rest
- conduct pregnancy test
- use lay term “miscarriage”
- emotional support
- refer to support groups
which calcium channel blocker may be given to reduce contractions?
nifedipine
what dilation occurs in latent phase of stage 1?
0-3 cm
what dilation occurs in active phase of stage 1?
4-7cm
what dilation occurs in the transition phase of stage 1?
8-10 cm
what stage is baby born?
2nd
what stage is placenta delivered?
3rd
which stage does recovery occur in?
4th
what is dilation?
opening of the cervix
what is effacement?
shortening and thinning of the cervix in prep for child birth
what is fetal station?
relationship of the fetus to the mothers pelvis (ischial spine)
what is 0 station?
fetus in line with ischial spine
what may relieve contractions in false labor?
walking/changing positions
what are some characteristics of true labor?
- walking increases contraction intensity
- dilation
- bloody show
what is likely cause for variable decels?
cord compression
what is likely cause for late decels?
uteroplacental insufficiency
what is the intervention for variable decels?
maternal reposition
what is the intervention for for late decels?
- reposition
- oxygen
what FHR variability level is desired?
moderate
how far dilation is required for epidural?
4 cm
what can be administered prior to epidural to reduce hypotension?
fluid bolus
what is the external palpation of fetus to determine presentation of the fetal part?
Leopold maneuver
what score is used to determine maternal readiness for labor by evaluating whether the cervix is favorable?
bishop score
what bishop score would indicate would be indicative of successful induction?
8
what is a common symptom r/t occiput posterior presentation?
prolonged labor and great back pain
what is the desired fundal consistency after birth?
firm
what is involution?
uterus returns to previous states
what lochia color is expected 1-3 days after delivery?
rubra
what is subinvolution?
uterus does not return to previous state
what lochia color is expected 4-10 days after delivery?
serosa
what lochia color is expected 10-8 weeks postpartum?
10 days - 8 weeks
how would you document dark red lochia?
dark red color
how would you document pinkish brown lochia?
serosa
how would you document yellow, white lochia?
alba
what psych evaluation questions should the nurse ask prior to discharge for the mother?
presence of SI and HI
what amount of blood loss is considered a PPH with vaginal delivery?
500 mL
what blood loss is considered PPH with c-section?
1000 mL
what priority nonpharm action can the nurse take to prevent PPH?
massage the fundus
when is methergine contraindicated?
HTN
when is carboprost (hemabate) contraindicated?
asthma
what is the SGA classification?
<10th %
what is the LGA classification?
> 90th %
what is normal birth weight range?
5.5 lb - 8.8 lb
what is normal resp pattern for newborn?
30 -60, apnea < 15 sec
what is a normal newborn HR?
110 - 160
when should the apgars be performed?
1 and 5 min after delivery
what are the white spots on babys nose?
milia
what is the first milk produced called?
colostrum
what is known as the heat loss from the baby to the cooler room air (fans)?
convection
what is known as loss of heat from body to cooler solid surface in close proximity, without direct contact (exam tables)?
radiation
what is known as loss of heat when liquid vaporizes?
evaporation
what is known as the loss of heat from body in direct contact to cooler surface?
conduction
what complication may occur when the mother is type O and fetus is anything else?
pathological jaundice
what medications are commonly administered for the management of RDS?
surfactant
