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POLI283 > Final Exam Prep > Flashcards

Final Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Sources Of International Law?

A
  1. Treaties
  2. Soft Law
  3. Customary Law
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2
Q

What source of international law consists of written, formal, legally binding contracts, agreements, or legislation between two or more states?

A

Treaties

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3
Q

Which of the following sources of international law consists of written, formal, legally binding contracts, agreements, or legislation between two or more states?

a) Customary law
b) Treaties
c) Judicial decisions
d) General principles of law

A

b) Treaties

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4
Q

Which source of international law necessitates undergoing the ratification process, whereby a state cannot simply sign or adopt it until it completes that procedure?

a) Customary law
b) Treaties
c) Judicial decisions
d) General principles of law

A

b) Treaties

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5
Q

Which source of international law necessitates undergoing the ratification process, whereby a state cannot simply sign or adopt it until it completes that procedure?

A

Treaties

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6
Q

True or False can Treaties be considered Hard law?

A

Yes, Because they are legally binding

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7
Q

What are Treaties in international law?

A

Treaties are legally binding formal agreements, contracts or legislations between 2 or more states, also international organization.

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8
Q

What is another name for Treaties?

A) Conventions, Charters, Statues, Covenants
B) Charters, Declarations, Understandings, Accords
C) Legislative Statutes, Treaties, Pacts, Compacts
D) International Covenants, Accords, Conventions, Instruments.

A

A) Conventions, Charters, Statues, Covenants

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9
Q

Which term in the study of international relations refers to non-binding obligations that states are encouraged to follow, but are not legally enforceable?

A) Customary law
B) Hard law
C) Soft law
D) International conventions

A

C) Soft law

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10
Q

Which term in the study of international relations refers to legal obligations, such as those outlined in treaties and agreements, that bind states with enforceable legal obligations?

A) Soft law
B) Customary law
C) Hard law
D) International norms

A

C) Hard law

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11
Q

What type of law is characterized by legally binding obligations that states are required to adhere to?

A

Hard Law

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12
Q

When referring to the UN Charter, which category of law would it fall under due to its establishment of legally binding obligations for member states?

A

Hard Law

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13
Q

Which sources of international law encompass bilateral treaties (involving two parties) and multilateral treaties (involving multiple parties)?

A

Treaties

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14
Q

What inter-governmental Organization was founded in 1945?

A

United Nations

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15
Q

Which organization, founded in 1920 under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, aimed to maintain world peace and prevent future conflicts through collective security and disarmament saying the groundwork for the formation of the United Nations?

A) League of Nations
B) United Nations
C) European Union
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

A) League of Nations

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16
Q

Which organ of the United Nations is responsible for administering a particular type of law, and which specific organ carries out this administration?

A

General Assembly and the law is Soft law

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17
Q

What is Soft Law in international law?

a) Legal principles that are enforceable through international courts and tribunals.
b) Non-binding norms and guidelines that lack formal enforcement legal mechanisms.
c) Treaties and agreements that involve multiple parties.
d) Laws enacted by national governments that have a limited impact on international relations.

A

b) Non-binding norms and guidelines that lack formal enforcement legal mechanisms.

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18
Q

Why do states comply with Soft Law?

a) Due to their reputation and the social “compulsion” element associated with it.
b) Because of economic incentives and financial rewards.
c) Under threat of military intervention by international organizations.
d) To maintain political dominance over other states.

A

a) Due to their reputation and the social “compulsion” element associated with it.

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19
Q

Define Soft Law in international law?

A

Soft Law refers to non-binding law, which may manifest as norms or principles between states or actors within the international system, that aren’t legally enforceable.

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20
Q

What principle bodies of the UN operate under the principles of Soft Law?

A

UN General Assembly

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21
Q

Define the term International Law or What is international Law?

A

International law is a decentralized, consent-based system governing the rules and relations between sovereign states, consisting of legally binding agreements that states voluntarily agree to follow in their interactions with one another.

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22
Q

What term in the study of world politics refers to a decentralized, consent-based system governing the rules and relations between sovereign states, consisting of legally binding agreements that states voluntarily agree to follow in their interactions with one another?

a) Global governance
b) International diplomacy
c) International law
d) Sovereignty framework

A

c) International law

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23
Q

What is the term for the system in the study of world politics that involves decentralized governance, based on consent, and regulates the rules and relationships between sovereign states through legally binding agreements voluntarily adhered to by states in their interactions with one another?

A

International law

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24
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes aspects of international law?

a) Sovereignty is fundamental in international law.
b) Decentralized consent-based international system of international orders.
c) International law is consent-based—Sovereignty is central.
d) Human rights relative form of international law.
e) All of the above

A

e) All of the above

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25
Q

What source of International law is unwritten, long-standing practices and norms accepted as binding by states?

A

Customary Law

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26
Q

What source of International law is unwritten, long-standing practices and norms accepted as binding by states?

a) Soft Law
b) Customary Law
c) Treaties
d) Hard Law

A

b) Customary Law

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27
Q

Identify and explain the two essential aspects of customary law?

A
  1. Objective aspect: The observable existence of a custom through consistent state practice over time.
  2. Subjective aspect: The belief of states that they are obligated to follow the custom, indicating their recognition and voluntary adherence to its validity.
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28
Q

What aspect of Customary law examines at the existence of a custom through consistent state practice overtime?

A

Objective

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29
Q

In customary law, what aspect reflects the recognition and voluntary adherence of states to the validity of a custom?

a) Procedural aspect
b) Subjective
c) Interpretive aspect
d) Objective

A

b) Subjective

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30
Q

What aspect of Customary law examines the belief of states that they are obligated to follow the custom, indicating their recognition and voluntary adherence to its power?

A

Subjective

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31
Q

What aspect of customary law involves the consistent state practice over time?

a) Interpretive aspect
b) Subjective aspect
c) Objective aspect
d) Procedural aspect

A

c) Objective aspect

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32
Q

True or False Treaties and Customary law are considered forms of Hard law?

A

Yes, there are because they are legally binding

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33
Q

What type of war is characterized by being fought by and through the state in an organized and professional manner, often involving traditional standing armies?

A

Old war

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34
Q

What type of war is characterized by being fought by and through the state in an organized and professional manner, often involving traditional standing armies?

a) Guerrilla warfare
b) Proxy war
c) Limited war
d) Old War

A

d) Old War

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35
Q

What type of war is characterized by identity-fueled, intrastate conflicts involving a wide range of official and irregular combatants, sustained and fueled by remittances, organized crime, and transnational networks facilitating the movement of money, arms, and people?

a) Guerrilla warfare
b) Proxy war
c) Civil war
d) New war

A

d) New war

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36
Q

What type of war is characterized by identity-fueled, intrastate conflicts involving a wide range of official and irregular combatants, sustained and fueled by remittances, organized crime, and transnational networks facilitating the movement of money, arms, and people?

A

New War

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37
Q

_____________ has been the primary driver for inter-national institutions and International law. FILL IN THE BLANK

A

War

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38
Q

What form of Security pertains to the use of security towards a state?

A

National Security

39
Q

What form of security is used to characterize a sovereign state?

A

National Security

40
Q

What form of Security pertains to global actors and sovereignty states within the international system? Which is often orchestrated by the efforts of the UN Security Council

A

International Security

41
Q

What term refers to the absence or reduction of threats to survival and safety, commonly associated with national security?

A

Security

42
Q

Under what circumstances does international law permit the use of force by a sovereign state?

A
  1. Self defense
  2. Authorization From the UN security council
43
Q

Which of the following conditions allows a sovereign state to use force within international law?

a) Self-defense and Authorization from the UN Security Council
b) Sovereignty and Independence
c) Bilateral agreements only
d) Preemptive strikes without warning

A

a) Self-defense and Authorization from the UN Security Council

44
Q

What are the three means of settlement through diplomatic means within international law, and can you explain each?

A

1 .Negotiation: <– “UN general assembly as an example, providing and facilitating negotiations between states.”

  1. Good offices: The good offices are like mediators, they facilitate negotiations between two conflicting parties without participating in them.
  2. Mediation: Involves the intervention of a neutral third party in the resolution of inter-state disputes, whether by facilitating communication and negotiation between conflicting parties or by actively participating in the settlement process to help achieve a mutually acceptable outcome for both parties or states involved.
45
Q

Which of the following are the means of settlement through diplomatic means within international law?

a) Negotiation administered by the UN General Assembly
b) Good offices administered by the UN Secretariat
c) Mediation
d) All of the above

A

d) All of the above (Correct Answer)

46
Q

What form of dispute resolution through means of settlement refers to intervention of a neutral third party in the resolution of inter-state disputes,by actively participating in the settlement process to help achieve a mutually acceptable outcome for both parties or states involved?

A

Mediation

47
Q

What form or term of dispute settlement within International law using the legal method of legally binding states establishing their own form of territorial jurisdiction such as tribunal to settle disputes on their own?

A

Arbitration

48
Q

What is Arbitration within the a form of dispute resolution within international Law?

A

Arbitration refers to legally binding states form their own form of territorial jurisdiction such as a tribunal to settle disputes on their own without the need of an neutral third party or the ICJ.

49
Q

What term refers to funds transferred by immigrant communities to their families in their countries of origin and also known as large contributors to GDP?

A

Remittances

50
Q

What source of international law include bilateral treaties (between two parties) and multilateral treaties (involving multiple parties)?

A

Treaties

51
Q

What are the two elements of Customary Law that render it legally binding? Identify and Explain

A

i) state practice(Objective): Acknowledge this norm or principle as a custom/Is this actually considered a custom?

ii) state opinion (opinio juris)(Subjective): Of the intent they are not doing this? They do believe to practice this custom or adhere to this custom.

52
Q

Explain State Practice(Objective element)? In written format

A

The element of customary law that refers to states’ acknowledgment of a norm or principle as being a customary practice is known as “state practice” or the “objective element.”

53
Q

What element of customary law refers to states’ acknowledgement of a norm or principle being of customary practice?

A

State Practice (Objective element)

54
Q

Which principal body of the United Nations oversees the administration of soft law, a type of non-binding legal framework that states or actors within the international community are not mandated to follow?

A) The Security Council
B) The International Court of Justice (ICJ)
C) The General Assembly
D) The Secretariat

A

C) The General Assembly

55
Q

What element of customary law refers to states’ practicing and adhering to the norms and principles established?

A

State Opinion (Subjective element)

56
Q

Explain State Opinion(Subjective element)? In written format

A

Refers to the states practing and adhering to the norms and principles established

57
Q

Which principal body of the United Nations serves as a World Court to assist states in settling inter-state disputes?

A) The General Assembly
B) The Security Council
C) The International Court of Justice (ICJ)
D) The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

A

C) The International Court of Justice (ICJ)

58
Q

From the following listed, Which would be considered Hard Law?

A) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
B) The Kyoto Protocol
C) The European Convention on Human Rights
D) The United Nations Charter and International Humanitarian Law

A

D) The United Nations Charter and International Humanitarian Law

59
Q

True of False, Is Genève Conventions or Hague Conventions example of international humanitarian law?

A

True

60
Q

Which charter is recognized as a legally binding document that outlines the permissible use of force and procedures for engaging in warfare?

A) Geneva Conventions
B) Treaty of Versailles
C) United Nations Charter
D) Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

C) United Nations Charter

61
Q

Which term in the study of international relations refers to legal obligations, such as those outlined in treaties and agreements, that bind states with enforceable legal obligations?

A) Soft law
B) Customary law
C) Hard law
D) International norms

A

C) Hard law

62
Q

Which school of thought in international relations is characterized by states perceiving the world as a zero-sum struggle, emphasizing self-interest, competition, and the pursuit of power, where states aim to increase their strength independently, following the principles of anarchy, and seeking relative gains?

A

Realism

63
Q

Which school of thought in international relations is characterized by states perceiving the world as a zero-sum struggle, emphasizing self-interest, competition, and the pursuit of power, where states aim to increase their strength independently, following the principles of anarchy, and seeking relative gains?

A) Realism
B) Contructivism
C) World System Theory
D) Liberalism

A

Realism

64
Q

What is Realism? Explain in written format

A

Realism in international relations is a school of thought wherein states perceive the world as a zero-sum struggle between states, emphasizing self-interest, competition, and the balance of power. It operates under the principles of anarchy and decentralized form of governance where states aim to increase their strength independently through military means, economic means, and other means, seeking relative gains.

65
Q

What theory within the domain of international relations promotes cooperation, collaboration, sovereignty(Centralized gov’t) within states to strive towards global governance and absolute gains?

A) Realism
B) Contructivism
C) World System Theory
D) Liberalism

A

D) Liberalism

66
Q

What theory of international relations is based on normative study that advocates for emancipatory change of the status quo challenging and critically critiquing actors and sovereign states within the international system and their roles within power structures and wider global politics?

A

Critical Theory

67
Q

What theory of international relations is based on normative study that advocates for emancipatory change of the status quo challenging and critically critiquing actors and sovereign states within the international system and their roles within power structures and wider global politics?

A) Realism
B) Critical Theory
C) World System Theory
D) Marxism

A

B) Critical Theory

68
Q

What is critical theory in world poltitcs? Explain in written format

A

Critical Theory is an international relations theory based on a normative study that advocates for the emancipatory change of the international system, thus challenging the status quo and critically examining sovereign states and actors roles within power structures and wider global politics. Known as a problem-solving theory of sorts.

69
Q

What theory of International relation is known as an approach that interrogates the truth claims and meta narratives within the international system and advocates for the relationship between knowledge and power?

A) Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism
B) Contructivism
C) World System Theory
D) Marxism

A

A) Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism

70
Q

What is Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism in international relations?

A

Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism within International relations is known more of an approach than a theory that interrogates the truth claims and metanarratives within the international system and advocates for the relationship between knowledge and power.

71
Q

What theory of International relation theory believes that the international system or world system reflects a global capitalist system advocating for a functioning development of a capitalist system within world politics?

A

World system Theory

72
Q

What theory of International relation theory believes that the international system or world system reflects a global capitalist system advocating for a functioning development of a capitalist system within world politics?

A) Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism
B) Contructivism
C) World System Theory
D) Marxism

A

C) World System Theory

73
Q

In a global summit discussing security issues, there is minimal representation of women in decision-making roles. Which aspect of feminist theory would critique this situation?

A

Liberal Feminist Theory

74
Q

Which theory in world politics focuses on historical materialism and examines changes over time, emphasizing the role of economic factors?

A

Marxist Theory

75
Q

Which theory in world politics emphasizes social classes and forces, and is derived from economic relations and positions within production?

A

Marxist Theory

76
Q

What theory in international relations suggests that the international system is socially constructed, influencing state behavior and interest, in addition to advocating to challenge and question how socially constructed norms, ideas, and principles impact state and non-state actions in world politics?

A) Realism
B) Contructivism
C) World System Theory
D) Marxism

A

Contructivism

77
Q

What is Contructivism in international relations? Explain in written format

A

Constructivism is an International relation theory that suggests that the international system is socially constructed. Advocating that social structures influence the decision making actions and interest of states. Questioning and challenging how these socially constructed ideas, norms and ideas, influence state-actors and non-state actions within world politics.

78
Q

What do inter-governmental Organization do?

A

Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) primarily serve to facilitate coordination and collaboration between sovereign states and may involve other actors within the international system, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), actors, or private entities.

79
Q

According to Realism, what is the primary focus of state interests?

a) Economic prosperity
b) Absolute gains
c) Survival, relative gains and increasing security or power
d) Human progress

A

Survival, relative gains and increasing security or power

80
Q

What is the key principle or term that upholds stability and structure of the international system?

A

Sovereignty

81
Q

What intergovernmental organization provided loans towards countries and financially supported development projects for states and assisted poverty or economic downturns within developing countries?

A

World Trade Organization

82
Q

What intergovernmental organization provided loans towards countries and financially supported development projects for states and assisted poverty or economic downturns within developing countries?

A) Economic and Social Council of the UN
B) World Trade Organization(WTO)
C)The Bretton Woods Institutions
D) International Monetary Fund

A

B) World Trade Organization(WTO)

83
Q

What is the World Trade Organization?

A

Established after WW2, the WTO is intergovernmental organization that provided loans towards states who are in need of finical assistance, and also financial assist development projects in addition to financial aid developing countries struggling with poverty and economic downturn.

84
Q

What is the Bretton Woods institution?

A

Established after the WW2, established at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference the Bretton Woods institution is a Intergovernmental organization that was created to help promote economic stability, development, and cooperation among nations.

85
Q

What intergovernmental organization was established after WW2, specifically at Bretton Woods Conference and included the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which were created to promote economic stability, development, and cooperation among nations?

A

Bretton Woods institution

86
Q

What intergovernmental organization was established after WW2, specifically at Bretton Woods Conference and included the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which were created to promote economic stability, development, and cooperation among nations?

A) Economic and Social Council of the UN
B) World Trade Organization(WTO)
C)The Bretton Woods Institutions
D) International Monetary Fund

A

C)The Bretton Woods Institutions

87
Q

What intergovernmental organization provided financial assistance towards countries who lacked financial stability and policy advice to countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises?

A

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

88
Q

What is International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

A

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a intergovernmental organization that specializes in finical aiding states who lack financial stability and policy advice towards countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises.

89
Q

What intergovernmental organization provided financial assistance towards countries who lacked financial stability and policy advice to countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises?

A) Economic and Social Council of the UN
B) World Trade Organization(WTO)
C)The Bretton Woods Institutions
D) International Monetary Fund

A

D) International Monetary Fund

90
Q

What type of organizations are the World Trade Organization (WTO), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), African Union (AU), Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR), and BRICS?

A

Inter-governmental organizations

91
Q

Which central international financial institution or intergovernmental organization is recognized for offering loans to states in need of assistance, contingent upon adherence to specified instructions and policies?

A

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

92
Q

What term describes a war initiated in anticipation of an imminent attack?

A

Pre-emptive War

93
Q

What term describes a conflict between parties with vastly unequal military capabilities?

A

Asymmetric war

94
Q

What theory in world politics examines the disparity in development between the Global North (considered ‘developed’ or ‘core’ countries) and the Global South (regarded as ‘underdeveloped’ or ‘periphery’ countries)?

A

Dependency Theory

POLI283 (2 decks)

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