Final Exam Prep

Question 1

What are the 3 Sources Of International Law?

Answer 1

1. Treaties
2. Soft Law
3. Customary Law

Question 2

What source of international law consists of written, formal, legally binding contracts, agreements, or legislation between two or more states?

Answer 2

Treaties

Question 3

Which of the following sources of international law consists of written, formal, legally binding contracts, agreements, or legislation between two or more states?

a) Customary law
b) Treaties
c) Judicial decisions
d) General principles of law

Answer 3

b) Treaties

Question 4

Which source of international law necessitates undergoing the ratification process, whereby a state cannot simply sign or adopt it until it completes that procedure?

a) Customary law
b) Treaties
c) Judicial decisions
d) General principles of law

Answer 4

b) Treaties

Question 5

Which source of international law necessitates undergoing the ratification process, whereby a state cannot simply sign or adopt it until it completes that procedure?

Answer 5

Treaties

Question 6

True or False can Treaties be considered Hard law?

Answer 6

Yes, Because they are legally binding

Question 7

What are Treaties in international law?

Answer 7

Treaties are legally binding formal agreements, contracts or legislations between 2 or more states, also international organization.

Question 8

What is another name for Treaties?

A) Conventions, Charters, Statues, Covenants
B) Charters, Declarations, Understandings, Accords
C) Legislative Statutes, Treaties, Pacts, Compacts
D) International Covenants, Accords, Conventions, Instruments.

Answer 8

A) Conventions, Charters, Statues, Covenants

Question 9

Which term in the study of international relations refers to non-binding obligations that states are encouraged to follow, but are not legally enforceable?

A) Customary law
B) Hard law
C) Soft law
D) International conventions

Answer 9

C) Soft law

Question 10

Which term in the study of international relations refers to legal obligations, such as those outlined in treaties and agreements, that bind states with enforceable legal obligations?

A) Soft law
B) Customary law
C) Hard law
D) International norms

Answer 10

C) Hard law

Question 11

What type of law is characterized by legally binding obligations that states are required to adhere to?

Answer 11

Hard Law

Question 12

When referring to the UN Charter, which category of law would it fall under due to its establishment of legally binding obligations for member states?

Answer 12

Hard Law

Question 13

Which sources of international law encompass bilateral treaties (involving two parties) and multilateral treaties (involving multiple parties)?

Answer 13

Treaties

Question 14

What inter-governmental Organization was founded in 1945?

Answer 14

United Nations

Question 15

Which organization, founded in 1920 under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, aimed to maintain world peace and prevent future conflicts through collective security and disarmament saying the groundwork for the formation of the United Nations?

A) League of Nations
B) United Nations
C) European Union
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 15

A) League of Nations

Question 16

Which organ of the United Nations is responsible for administering a particular type of law, and which specific organ carries out this administration?

Answer 16

General Assembly and the law is Soft law

Question 17

What is Soft Law in international law?

a) Legal principles that are enforceable through international courts and tribunals.
b) Non-binding norms and guidelines that lack formal enforcement legal mechanisms.
c) Treaties and agreements that involve multiple parties.
d) Laws enacted by national governments that have a limited impact on international relations.

Answer 17

b) Non-binding norms and guidelines that lack formal enforcement legal mechanisms.

Question 18

Why do states comply with Soft Law?

a) Due to their reputation and the social “compulsion” element associated with it.
b) Because of economic incentives and financial rewards.
c) Under threat of military intervention by international organizations.
d) To maintain political dominance over other states.

Answer 18

a) Due to their reputation and the social “compulsion” element associated with it.

Question 19

Define Soft Law in international law?

Answer 19

Soft Law refers to non-binding law, which may manifest as norms or principles between states or actors within the international system, that aren’t legally enforceable.

Question 20

What principle bodies of the UN operate under the principles of Soft Law?

Answer 20

UN General Assembly

Question 21

Define the term International Law or What is international Law?

Answer 21

International law is a decentralized, consent-based system governing the rules and relations between sovereign states, consisting of legally binding agreements that states voluntarily agree to follow in their interactions with one another.

Question 22

What term in the study of world politics refers to a decentralized, consent-based system governing the rules and relations between sovereign states, consisting of legally binding agreements that states voluntarily agree to follow in their interactions with one another?

a) Global governance
b) International diplomacy
c) International law
d) Sovereignty framework

Answer 22

c) International law

Question 23

What is the term for the system in the study of world politics that involves decentralized governance, based on consent, and regulates the rules and relationships between sovereign states through legally binding agreements voluntarily adhered to by states in their interactions with one another?

Answer 23

International law

Question 24

Which of the following statements accurately describes aspects of international law?

a) Sovereignty is fundamental in international law.
b) Decentralized consent-based international system of international orders.
c) International law is consent-based—Sovereignty is central.
d) Human rights relative form of international law.
e) All of the above

Answer 24

e) All of the above

Question 25

What source of International law is unwritten, long-standing practices and norms accepted as binding by states?

Answer 25

Customary Law

Question 26

What source of International law is unwritten, long-standing practices and norms accepted as binding by states? a) Soft Law b) Customary Law c) Treaties d) Hard Law

Answer 26

b) Customary Law

Question 27

Identify and explain the two essential aspects of customary law?

Answer 27

1. Objective aspect: The observable existence of a custom through consistent state practice over time. 2. Subjective aspect: The belief of states that they are obligated to follow the custom, indicating their recognition and voluntary adherence to its validity.

Question 28

What aspect of Customary law examines at the existence of a custom through consistent state practice overtime?

Answer 28

Objective

Question 29

In customary law, what aspect reflects the recognition and voluntary adherence of states to the validity of a custom? a) Procedural aspect b) Subjective c) Interpretive aspect d) Objective

Answer 29

b) Subjective

Question 30

What aspect of Customary law examines the belief of states that they are obligated to follow the custom, indicating their recognition and voluntary adherence to its power?

Answer 30

Subjective

Question 31

What aspect of customary law involves the consistent state practice over time? a) Interpretive aspect b) Subjective aspect c) Objective aspect d) Procedural aspect

Answer 31

c) Objective aspect

Question 32

True or False Treaties and Customary law are considered forms of Hard law?

Answer 32

Yes, there are because they are legally binding

Question 33

What type of war is characterized by being fought by and through the state in an organized and professional manner, often involving traditional standing armies?

Answer 33

Old war

Question 34

What type of war is characterized by being fought by and through the state in an organized and professional manner, often involving traditional standing armies? a) Guerrilla warfare b) Proxy war c) Limited war d) Old War

Answer 34

d) Old War

Question 35

What type of war is characterized by identity-fueled, intrastate conflicts involving a wide range of official and irregular combatants, sustained and fueled by remittances, organized crime, and transnational networks facilitating the movement of money, arms, and people? a) Guerrilla warfare b) Proxy war c) Civil war d) New war

Answer 35

d) New war

Question 36

What type of war is characterized by identity-fueled, intrastate conflicts involving a wide range of official and irregular combatants, sustained and fueled by remittances, organized crime, and transnational networks facilitating the movement of money, arms, and people?

Answer 36

New War

Question 37

_____________ has been the primary driver for inter-national institutions and International law. FILL IN THE BLANK

Answer 37

War

Question 38

What form of Security pertains to the use of security towards a state?

Answer 38

National Security

Question 39

What form of security is used to characterize a sovereign state?

Answer 39

National Security

Question 40

What form of Security pertains to global actors and sovereignty states within the international system? Which is often orchestrated by the efforts of the UN Security Council

Answer 40

International Security

Question 41

What term refers to the absence or reduction of threats to survival and safety, commonly associated with national security?

Answer 41

Security

Question 42

Under what circumstances does international law permit the use of force by a sovereign state?

Answer 42

1. Self defense 2. Authorization From the UN security council

Question 43

Which of the following conditions allows a sovereign state to use force within international law? a) Self-defense and Authorization from the UN Security Council b) Sovereignty and Independence c) Bilateral agreements only d) Preemptive strikes without warning

Answer 43

a) Self-defense and Authorization from the UN Security Council

Question 44

What are the three means of settlement through diplomatic means within international law, and can you explain each?

Answer 44

1 .Negotiation: <– “UN general assembly as an example, providing and facilitating negotiations between states.” 2. Good offices: The good offices are like mediators, they facilitate negotiations between two conflicting parties without participating in them. 3. Mediation: Involves the intervention of a neutral third party in the resolution of inter-state disputes, whether by facilitating communication and negotiation between conflicting parties or by actively participating in the settlement process to help achieve a mutually acceptable outcome for both parties or states involved.

Question 45

Which of the following are the means of settlement through diplomatic means within international law? a) Negotiation administered by the UN General Assembly b) Good offices administered by the UN Secretariat c) Mediation d) All of the above

Answer 45

d) All of the above (Correct Answer)

Question 46

What form of dispute resolution through means of settlement refers to intervention of a neutral third party in the resolution of inter-state disputes,by actively participating in the settlement process to help achieve a mutually acceptable outcome for both parties or states involved?

Answer 46

Mediation

Question 47

What form or term of dispute settlement within International law using the legal method of legally binding states establishing their own form of territorial jurisdiction such as tribunal to settle disputes on their own?

Answer 47

Arbitration

Question 48

What is Arbitration within the a form of dispute resolution within international Law?

Answer 48

Arbitration refers to legally binding states form their own form of territorial jurisdiction such as a tribunal to settle disputes on their own without the need of an neutral third party or the ICJ.

Question 49

What term refers to funds transferred by immigrant communities to their families in their countries of origin and also known as large contributors to GDP?

Answer 49

Remittances

Question 50

What source of international law include bilateral treaties (between two parties) and multilateral treaties (involving multiple parties)?

Answer 50

Treaties

Question 51

What are the two elements of Customary Law that render it legally binding? Identify and Explain

Answer 51

i) state practice(Objective): Acknowledge this norm or principle as a custom/Is this actually considered a custom? ii) state opinion (opinio juris)(Subjective): Of the intent they are not doing this? They do believe to practice this custom or adhere to this custom.

Question 52

Explain State Practice(Objective element)? In written format

Answer 52

The element of customary law that refers to states' acknowledgment of a norm or principle as being a customary practice is known as "state practice" or the "objective element."

Question 53

What element of customary law refers to states' acknowledgement of a norm or principle being of customary practice?

Answer 53

State Practice (Objective element)

Question 54

Which principal body of the United Nations oversees the administration of soft law, a type of non-binding legal framework that states or actors within the international community are not mandated to follow? A) The Security Council B) The International Court of Justice (ICJ) C) The General Assembly D) The Secretariat

Answer 54

C) The General Assembly

Question 55

What element of customary law refers to states' practicing and adhering to the norms and principles established?

Answer 55

State Opinion (Subjective element)

Question 56

Explain State Opinion(Subjective element)? In written format

Answer 56

Refers to the states practing and adhering to the norms and principles established

Question 57

Which principal body of the United Nations serves as a World Court to assist states in settling inter-state disputes? A) The General Assembly B) The Security Council C) The International Court of Justice (ICJ) D) The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Answer 57

C) The International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Question 58

From the following listed, Which would be considered Hard Law? A) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights B) The Kyoto Protocol C) The European Convention on Human Rights D) The United Nations Charter and International Humanitarian Law

Answer 58

D) The United Nations Charter and International Humanitarian Law

Question 59

True of False, Is Genève Conventions or Hague Conventions example of international humanitarian law?

Answer 59

True

Question 60

Which charter is recognized as a legally binding document that outlines the permissible use of force and procedures for engaging in warfare? A) Geneva Conventions B) Treaty of Versailles C) United Nations Charter D) Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 60

C) United Nations Charter

Question 61

Which term in the study of international relations refers to legal obligations, such as those outlined in treaties and agreements, that bind states with enforceable legal obligations? A) Soft law B) Customary law C) Hard law D) International norms

Answer 61

C) Hard law

Question 62

Which school of thought in international relations is characterized by states perceiving the world as a zero-sum struggle, emphasizing self-interest, competition, and the pursuit of power, where states aim to increase their strength independently, following the principles of anarchy, and seeking relative gains?

Answer 62

Realism

Question 63

Which school of thought in international relations is characterized by states perceiving the world as a zero-sum struggle, emphasizing self-interest, competition, and the pursuit of power, where states aim to increase their strength independently, following the principles of anarchy, and seeking relative gains? A) Realism B) Contructivism C) World System Theory D) Liberalism

Answer 63

Realism

Question 64

What is Realism? Explain in written format

Answer 64

Realism in international relations is a school of thought wherein states perceive the world as a zero-sum struggle between states, emphasizing self-interest, competition, and the balance of power. It operates under the principles of anarchy and decentralized form of governance where states aim to increase their strength independently through military means, economic means, and other means, seeking relative gains.

Question 65

What theory within the domain of international relations promotes cooperation, collaboration, sovereignty(Centralized gov’t) within states to strive towards global governance and absolute gains? A) Realism B) Contructivism C) World System Theory D) Liberalism

Answer 65

D) Liberalism

Question 66

What theory of international relations is based on normative study that advocates for emancipatory change of the status quo challenging and critically critiquing actors and sovereign states within the international system and their roles within power structures and wider global politics?

Answer 66

Critical Theory

Question 67

What theory of international relations is based on normative study that advocates for emancipatory change of the status quo challenging and critically critiquing actors and sovereign states within the international system and their roles within power structures and wider global politics? A) Realism B) Critical Theory C) World System Theory D) Marxism

Answer 67

B) Critical Theory

Question 68

What is critical theory in world poltitcs? Explain in written format

Answer 68

Critical Theory is an international relations theory based on a normative study that advocates for the emancipatory change of the international system, thus challenging the status quo and critically examining sovereign states and actors roles within power structures and wider global politics. Known as a problem-solving theory of sorts.

Question 69

What theory of International relation is known as an approach that interrogates the truth claims and meta narratives within the international system and advocates for the relationship between knowledge and power? A) Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism B) Contructivism C) World System Theory D) Marxism

Answer 69

A) Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism

Question 70

What is Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism in international relations?

Answer 70

Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism within International relations is known more of an approach than a theory that interrogates the truth claims and metanarratives within the international system and advocates for the relationship between knowledge and power.

Question 71

What theory of International relation theory believes that the international system or world system reflects a global capitalist system advocating for a functioning development of a capitalist system within world politics?

Answer 71

World system Theory

Question 72

What theory of International relation theory believes that the international system or world system reflects a global capitalist system advocating for a functioning development of a capitalist system within world politics? A) Post Structuralism/Post-Modernism B) Contructivism C) World System Theory D) Marxism

Answer 72

C) World System Theory

Question 73

In a global summit discussing security issues, there is minimal representation of women in decision-making roles. Which aspect of feminist theory would critique this situation?

Answer 73

Liberal Feminist Theory

Question 74

Which theory in world politics focuses on historical materialism and examines changes over time, emphasizing the role of economic factors?

Answer 74

Marxist Theory

Question 75

Which theory in world politics emphasizes social classes and forces, and is derived from economic relations and positions within production?

Answer 75

Marxist Theory

Question 76

What theory in international relations suggests that the international system is socially constructed, influencing state behavior and interest, in addition to advocating to challenge and question how socially constructed norms, ideas, and principles impact state and non-state actions in world politics? A) Realism B) Contructivism C) World System Theory D) Marxism

Answer 76

Contructivism

Question 77

What is Contructivism in international relations? Explain in written format

Answer 77

Constructivism is an International relation theory that suggests that the international system is socially constructed. Advocating that social structures influence the decision making actions and interest of states. Questioning and challenging how these socially constructed ideas, norms and ideas, influence state-actors and non-state actions within world politics.

Question 78

What do inter-governmental Organization do?

Answer 78

Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) primarily serve to facilitate coordination and collaboration between sovereign states and may involve other actors within the international system, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), actors, or private entities.

Question 79

According to Realism, what is the primary focus of state interests? a) Economic prosperity b) Absolute gains c) Survival, relative gains and increasing security or power d) Human progress

Answer 79

Survival, relative gains and increasing security or power

Question 80

What is the key principle or term that upholds stability and structure of the international system?

Answer 80

Sovereignty

Question 81

What intergovernmental organization provided loans towards countries and financially supported development projects for states and assisted poverty or economic downturns within developing countries?

Answer 81

World Trade Organization

Question 82

What intergovernmental organization provided loans towards countries and financially supported development projects for states and assisted poverty or economic downturns within developing countries? A) Economic and Social Council of the UN B) World Trade Organization(WTO) C)The Bretton Woods Institutions D) International Monetary Fund

Answer 82

B) World Trade Organization(WTO)

Question 83

What is the World Trade Organization?

Answer 83

Established after WW2, the WTO is intergovernmental organization that provided loans towards states who are in need of finical assistance, and also financial assist development projects in addition to financial aid developing countries struggling with poverty and economic downturn.

Question 84

What is the Bretton Woods institution?

Answer 84

Established after the WW2, established at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference the Bretton Woods institution is a Intergovernmental organization that was created to help promote economic stability, development, and cooperation among nations.

Question 85

What intergovernmental organization was established after WW2, specifically at Bretton Woods Conference and included the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which were created to promote economic stability, development, and cooperation among nations?

Answer 85

Bretton Woods institution

Question 86

What intergovernmental organization was established after WW2, specifically at Bretton Woods Conference and included the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which were created to promote economic stability, development, and cooperation among nations? A) Economic and Social Council of the UN B) World Trade Organization(WTO) C)The Bretton Woods Institutions D) International Monetary Fund

Answer 86

C)The Bretton Woods Institutions

Question 87

What intergovernmental organization provided financial assistance towards countries who lacked financial stability and policy advice to countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises?

Answer 87

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 88

What is International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

Answer 88

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a intergovernmental organization that specializes in finical aiding states who lack financial stability and policy advice towards countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises.

Question 89

What intergovernmental organization provided financial assistance towards countries who lacked financial stability and policy advice to countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises? A) Economic and Social Council of the UN B) World Trade Organization(WTO) C)The Bretton Woods Institutions D) International Monetary Fund

Answer 89

D) International Monetary Fund

Question 90

What type of organizations are the World Trade Organization (WTO), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), African Union (AU), Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR), and BRICS?

Answer 90

Inter-governmental organizations

Question 91

Which central international financial institution or intergovernmental organization is recognized for offering loans to states in need of assistance, contingent upon adherence to specified instructions and policies?

Answer 91

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 92

What term describes a war initiated in anticipation of an imminent attack?

Answer 92

Pre-emptive War

Question 93

What term describes a conflict between parties with vastly unequal military capabilities?

Answer 93

Asymmetric war

Question 94

What theory in world politics examines the disparity in development between the Global North (considered 'developed' or 'core' countries) and the Global South (regarded as 'underdeveloped' or 'periphery' countries)?

Answer 94

Dependency Theory