Final Exam Prep

Question 1

Characteristics of Apraxia?

Answer 1

Principally impacts articulation;
some prosody issues
 Errors are inconsistent in nature in
voluntary production of speech
sounds; may witness “islands of
clear speech”
 Include more substitutions,
repetitions, transpositions,
prolongations, omissions and
distortions (ranked most to least)
 Marked articulatory groping;
effortful
 More errors on multisyllabic words
and with increased complexity

Question 2

Characteristics of Dysarthria?

Answer 2

Impacts all mechanisms (e.g.,
articulation, phonation,
resonance, prosody, rate, and
breathing)
 Errors are consistent; no
“islands of clear speech”
 Include more distortions and
omissions
 Cs are imprecise in production;
Vs can be neutralized
 Speech rate slow, labored
 Intelligibility decreases as rate
increases
 More errors with increased
complexity

Question 3

What is a prepositional phrase?

Answer 3

a. Have a preposition (on, in, under, between) and an object of the
preposition
b. May serve as adjectives and adverbs
(e.g., “I saw a car under the bed.”)

Question 4

What is an infinitive phrase?

Answer 4

a. Consist of infinitive (to + verb) plus object (to catch flies)
b. Often serve as nouns, but may serve as adjectives or adverbs
(e.g., “She loved to eat fruit.” [Noun/object])

Question 5

What is a participle phrase?

Answer 5

Consist of a participle and an object
b. Often end in –ing, – ed, or –en
c. Often act as adjectives formed from verbs
(e.g., “The singing waiter was great.”)

Question 6

What is a gerund phrase?

Answer 6

a. Often a verb ending in –ing used as a noun
(e.g., “Swimming is great exercise.” [subject])
(e.g., “He loves doing his homework.”)