Final Exam Prep Flashcards
Which early modern authors mention Giotto in their writings?
Villani, Dante, Boccaccio
Who was the Competition of 1401 between? What was the subject?
Brunelleschi and Ghiberti
Baptistry eastern doors
The sacrifice of Issac from the old testimate
What were the benefits of Ghiberti’s design?
Made using the lost cast method, it was more cost-effective, durable, and lighter.
What was the final subject of the Baptistry doors?
The new testimate, life, and death of Jesus as John the Baptist foretold. They replaced Pisano’s east doors facing the cathedral. The story told from L to right, from bottom to top.
Petrarch’s Sonnet 77
He establishes a difference between renaissance and pre-renaissance artists. He sees Martini’s portrait as a superior Classical artwork.
he wrote it in the Terza rima, rhyme scheme also used by Virgil and Dante.
Who painted Laura?
Martini
Laura “died” of the Black Death.
What inspired Giovanni Pisan’s knowledge of classical attributes for the pulpit in the Pisa Cathedral
The commemorative columns of Hadrian and Trajan in Rome.
In Giotto’s Lamentation, the boulder-effect and triangular forms of these figures anchor the gravity of the scene while creating a quiet zone.
The two veiled shrouded figures next to the Virgin and Christ.
What did Petrarch argue should emulate examples of classical traditions?
The visual and written arts.
Petrarch believed what about drawings?
Drawings demonstrate the artist’s talent without distractions by opulence and preciosity of materials, and they establish the individuality of the artist.
Who sponsored the competition of 1401 for the baptistery doors?
The guild of cloth merchants.
Giovanni Pisano introduced the first what in the Pisa Cathedral Pulpit?
Female nude
Who was Giotto’s master?
Cimabue
Who was Giovanni Pisano’s master?
Nicola Pisano - his father - who produced the Pisa Baptistry Pulpit in 1260. Giovanni produced the Pisa Cathedral pulpit in 1302.
These are attributes of the middle ages c. 450-1450’s.
Paintings, icons on wood, greek style (Byzantine style), oldest Christian art, Superhuman figures, spaceless area, flat and linear, symmetrical and repetitive pattern, expressionless features, borrowed from established representations. Byzantine icons as sacred relics.
Two mendicant orders
Franciscan Order - Francis of Assisi
Dominican Order - Dominic de Guzman
Instead of living in monasteries, they lived and worked in cities.
Who painted the frescos in the Arena Chapel? What makes them unique?
Giotto
Pictural space renders emotion that involves the spectator
His Last Judgement is part of this work.
Who was the premier subject of paintings in the early 1300s Italy?
the Virgin
What were the panel paintings that stood behind the alters in the 1300’s?
Polyptechs.
He painted devotional imagery in the Siena Cathedral, a contemporary to Giotto
Duccio di Buoninsegna
What is Giotto’s style?
What is Duccio’s style?
Giotto: the value of space and volume. Picture surface as an opening into highly realized space. illustration of space through pattern, bedspread.
Duccio: space conceived through fluid outlines and whirly silhouettes, elongated proportions, movement in hand, wrist, calligraphic line play.
Who wrote Lives of Artists in 1550?
Giorgio Vasari.
He made Florence the center of the R. Defined Italian artistic influences and conventions, source of info on this era, biographical. asserts that every artwork should have a conceptual basis, corresponding to an idea in the artist’s mind.
Ways to understand a work of this time. What are the artists preoccupied with? Who hired them? Why were they hired?
Patrons, workshops, expected formal qualities. What are the concerns of the time? Divine power, supernatural, solicitation of prayers, patron legacy and morality, devotional circumstances, practical concerns, political concerns, worldly concerns.
He approaches art as a window opening up into what lies beyond.
Albteri.
Trends and new tech of the R
Oil painting on canvas and easel painting and portraiture, ink drawings, chalk, and pastel, bronze and marble. They define what being an artist is, a return to antiquity, an escalation of production and variety in art.
Why is Petrarch important?
He introduced an association with the authority of the ancient past. Established agenda concerned with representation and art (from the past). One can now compare artworks to one another.
Recall terminology associated with the work of Leon Battista Alberti.
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Recognize terms and characteristics associated with the work of Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Ghiberti, and other artists of the Quattrocento.
Perspective & Regular Space. His perspective panels. Commensuration - representing things in a way where their dimensions are coordinated with the dimensions of every other thing around it. A translation of architecture to painting. The Foundling Hospital, San Lorenzo. An object’s size on a surface provides information about the distance of the object.
Interpret early Renaissance art in relation to its critical foundations.
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Who was Brunelleschi’s only Quattrocento biographer?
Antonio Manetti
Who’s characteristics are being described? Perspective & Regular Space. His perspective panels. Commensuration - representing things in a way where their dimensions are coordinated with the dimensions of every other thing around it. A translation of architecture to painting. The Foundling Hospital, San Lorenzo. An object’s size on a surface provides information about the distance of the object.
Brunelleschi.
The Foundling Hospital.
San Lorenzo.
Sculpted in low relief, demonstrates the pictorial possibilities for the perspective system first in his St. George for orsanmichael.
Donatello
Who created one-point perspective?
Brunelleschi!
He is a naturalist devoted to outward appearances, dramatic narrative, reacting in paint to the developments in sculpture from Brunelleschi and Donatello.
Masaccio
Describe foreshortening
Foreshortening refers to the technique of depicting an object or human body in a picture so as to produce an illusion of projection or extension in space
What are the three parts of Alberti’s …
- Compisito - defining objects by means of a first outline.
2. - Receptio luminum - means the tone and hue of a delineated image
Who were the two principal artists of the Brancacci Chapel?
Masolino and Masaccio
What are some of the characteristics of Masolini’s fresco The Fall?
Their poses are refined and demonstrate the late gothic taste for classical ideals of the body.
This work of art is an example of trompe-l’œil.
The illusionistic vault in Masaccio’s Trinità
What is the painter’s goal, according to Alberti?
Whatever is represented should stand out in relief and resemble nature
To create a convincing representation of three-dimensional space and use natural poses and gestures.
Alberti supported the rise of the status of artists from craftsman to intellectual
True
Receptio luminum
means the tone and hue of a delineated image
Compisito
defining objects by means of a first outline.
These characteristics define the San Marco frescos
Naturalism, surrealism, Innovation, Realism
The frescos that decorate the communal areas and friars’ cells in the monastery of San Marco served what purpose?
They reminded the friars about how to pray and the proper subjects to contemplate while in prayer.
How is the Roman portrait different from the Greek portrait?
It developed into a political medium.
This fresco scene, located in San Marco is conceived by whom to be a vision of what?
Conceived by Fra Angelica to be a vision seen through an imaginary window.
This describes the figurative language devised by Fra Angelico in the frescos in San Marco
intensely emotional, spiritually expressive, clear, and simple.
Artist Piero della Francesca never attended uni, and had never been a pupil of a famous master. He was not fully literate in Latin but was one of the leading what of the 15th century?
Mathematician.
Piero’s baptism of christ displays
Careful observation of reflection and refraction of light on water.
The interpretation of the double portrait by Fra Filippo Lippi today in the Met Museum of Art is shaped by
the fact that the man stands outside the room of the woman
the Loyalty on her sleeve
the fact that the gaze of the man and the women do not meet
Which symbols did Battista Alberti, author of De pictura, adopt to shape his identity?
The name Leon
The winged eye
a mane-like hairstyle
What is a visual “prop” introduced into the quattrocento portrait?
parapet
The images included in this quattrocento book made huge contributions to the graphic language of printed book illustrations. Marked a change where books were no longer trying to be a copy of a manuscript, rather they developed their own graphic language.
Robertus Valturius
Printed by Johannes
On military Matters, De re militari
Verona, 1472
the illustrations were crude, no shadows, no modeling.
Mantegna hides a witty allusion to the passing of time in the background of what painting?
St. Sebatian.
A horse and chariot, playful, shaped by a cloud.
Who painted the Lamentation over the Dead Christ? Where is it located?
Andrea Mantegna
Pinacoteca di Brera of Milan, Italy
In the St. Sebatian painting in Vienna, the relationship between the classical past and his art is made clear by
Painted by Mantegna
The greek letter signature
the complex contrapposto of the saint
the broken pieces of ancient sculptures on the ground
The crumbling classical architecture in Mantegna’s st. Sebastion refers in part to what?
Christianity’s triumph over the pagan world.
Many believed that this was the “most beautiful room in the world”. What is it, who painted it, and what is its most revered feature?
Camera degli picta
Mantegna
Trompe l’oeil oculus
How many treaties are in De re military (on military matters) and who composed it?
12
Roberto Valturio
printed by Johannes from verona
What is the style of figures printed in Johannes’s de re miliatri?
Woodcuts
How does Magnetna encourage the viewer to enter into the painting Lamentation over the Dead Christ?
The ointment har is within the viewer’s reach and asks the viewer to participate in preparing Christ for buriel.
Christ’s feet are hanging outside the picture plane, entering into the viewer’s space.
The extreme naturalism in the painting.
Andrea Mantenga served as a court artist for what family in what city?
Gonzaga
Mantua
