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final exam power points Flashcards

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1
Q 
Psychotic disorder in which the individual experiences:
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech/behavior
Catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms

Chronic condition; treatable but not curable

A

Schizophrenia

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2
Q

is the potentially fatal complication that can occur when fluids, electrolytes, and carbohydrates are introduced to a severely malnourished client

A

Refeeding syndrome

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3
Q

substane abuse is highest in what age ranges

A

20-29

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4
Q

Clients who have this disorder exhibit recurrent episodic violent and aggressive behavior with the possibility of
hurting people, property, or animals

Occurs in clients 18 years and older

Includes verbal or physical aggression

Characterized by aggressive overreaction to normal events followed by feelings of shame and regret

A

Intermittent explosive disorder

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5
Q 
Diazepam, 
carbamazepine
clonidine
chlordiazepoxide
phenobarbital
naltrexone

are all meds used for

A

alcohol withdrawl

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6
Q

block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain and periphery

Inhibition of psychotic symptoms is believed to be a result of DQ blockade in the brain

A

First-generation antipsychotic medications

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7
Q

CBC must be checked regularly for the fatal side effect of agranulocytosis with __________

A

Atypical/2nd Generation

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8
Q 
Reminiscence Therapy
Structured Routine
Cognitive Stimulation
Respite Care
Caregiver Support

are all therapies for

A

Dementia

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9
Q

Believes that his body is changing in an unusual way, such as growing a third arm

A

Somatic delusions:

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10
Q

are classified as either low-. medium-. or high-potency depending on their association with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs), level of sedation, and anticholinergic adverse effects

A

First-generation agents

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11
Q

Cannot focus at all
Cannot problem solve
‘may hallucinate or have delusions’
Cannot learn, irrational, may feel terror
Exhaustion, behavior erratic, impulsive,
Sleeplessness, severe shakes

Requires immediate intervention

is what type of anxiety

A

Panic

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12
Q

Characterized by arrogance, grandiose views of self-importance, the need for consistent admiration, and a lack of empathy for others that strains most relationships: often sensitive to criticism

A

Narcissistic:

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13
Q 
Autistic Disorder
Rett’s Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (NOS)
Asperger’s Disorder

are all ____________ disorders

A

Autism Spectrum Disorders

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14
Q

Stop antipsychotic medication
Monitor vital signs
Apply cooling blankets
Administer antipyretics
Increase the clients fluid intake
Administer medication as prescribed to treat arrhythmia
Assist with immediate transfer to an ICU
Administer dantrolene or bromocriptine to induce muscle relaxation

are all interventions for

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

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15
Q

gradual deterioration of function over months or years

Impairments in memory, judgment, speech (aphasia), ability to recognize familiar objects (agnosia), executive functioning (managing daily tasks), and movement (apraxia);

impairments do not change throughout the day

Level of consciousness is usually unchanged

Restlessness and agitation are common; sun downing can occur

Personality change is gradual

Vital signs are stable unless other illness is present

A

neurocognitive disorder

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16
Q

The client avoids answering questions by repeating phrases or behavior This is another unconscious attempt to maintain self-esteem when memory has failed

A

Perseveration:

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17
Q

Advise clients to observe for indications of infection (fever, sore throat), and to notify the provider if these
occur these may be signs of _________

A

Agranulocytosis

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18
Q 
No change in LOC
Aphasia
Apraxia
Agnosia
Executive Functioning
A

Dementia

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19
Q

Ask open ended questions

Provide calm presence

Evaluate coping mechanisms

Offer activities & methods to relieve tension→teaching (OCD)

Decrease stimuli

are all nursing interventions for _______

A

moderate anxiety

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20
Q

Perception that the environment has changed the client believes that objects in her environment are shrinking)

A

Derealization:

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21
Q

There is no specific laboratory or diagnostic testing to diagnose ______. Definitive diagnosis cannot be made until autopsy Testing is done to rule out other pathologies that could be mistaken for _____

A

neurocognitive disorder

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22
Q

EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION for _______________
• Increased drowsiness and sedation, agitation, slurred speech, uncoordinated motor activity, nystagmus,
disorientation, nausea, vomiting, Respiratory depression and decreased level of consciousness, which can be fatal

• An antidote, flumazenil, available for IV use for benzodiazepine toxicity

A

sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics

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23
Q

Absence of things that are normally present These manifestations are more difficult to treat successfully

A

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

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24
Q

THERAPEUTIC USES:

Negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia

spectrum disorders

Psychosis induced by levodopa therapy

Relief of psychotic manifestations in other disorders, such as bipolar disorder

Impulse control disorders

A

Antipsychotics: Second- and third-generation (atypical)

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25
Q

are used mainly to control positive symptoms of psychotic disorders

A

First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications

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26
Q

Symptomatology:

Use of physical aggression in the violation of the rights of others

Manifests in home, school, peer relationships, & community

A

Conduct Disorder

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27
Q

splitting is commonly associated with _______

A

borderline personality disorder

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28
Q

Meaningless rhyming of words, often forceful, such as, “Oh fox, box, and lox

A

Clang association:

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29
Q

Aripiprazole

are all what type of medications

A

Third-generation antipsychotics

Used to treat both positive and negative symptoms while improving cognitive function

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30
Q

Clients who have ______ can have calluses or scars on hand (Russell’s sign)

A

bulimia

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31
Q

The client has psychotic manifestations that last 1 day to 1 month in duration

A

Brief psychotic disorder:

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32
Q 
Flashbacks of traumatic event
High level of anxiety/arousal
Numbing of responsiveness
Sleep disturbance
Mood
Concentration
Isolation

are all signs and symptoms of

A

PTSD

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33
Q

Made-up words that have meaning only to the client, such as, “I tranged and flittled

A

Neologisms:

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34
Q

onset:

anytime before the age of 18

A

Separation Anxiety Disorder

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35
Q

Believes that she is all powerful and important, like a god

A

Grandeur:

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36
Q

Believes that her thoughts are heard by others

A

Thought broadcasting:

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37
Q

acute stress disorder last for_days to _months

anything longer than is considered ______

A

3 days - 1 month

PTSD

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38
Q

Characterized by distrust and suspiciousness toward others based on unfounded beliefs that others want to harm, exploit, or deceive the person

A

Paranoid:

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39
Q

is a cognitive-behavioral therapy used for clients who exhibit self-injurious behavior It focuses on gradual behavior changes and provides acceptance and validation for these clients

A

Dialectical behavior therapy

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40
Q

Nonspecific feeling that a person has lost her identity Self is different or unreal

A

Depersonalization:

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41
Q

Characterized by instability of affect, identity, and relationships, as well as splitting behaviors, manipulation, impulsiveness, and fear of abandonment: often self-injurious and potentially suicidal: ideas of reference are common: often accompanied by impulsivity

A

Borderline:

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42
Q

Intoxication

euphoria, impaired judgment, confusion, vital signs
Increased motor activity, SEVERE vasoconstriction leading to MI

A

Stimulants

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43
Q

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of _________
Craving, depression, fatigue, sleeping
• Not life-threatening

A

amphetamines

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44
Q

CNS Stimulants: Dextroamphetamine Sulfate (Dexodrine), Desoxyn, Lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse), Dextroamphetamine (Adderall), Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

Alpha Agonist: Clonidine (Catapres), Guanfacine (Tenex, Intuniv)

Miscellaneous: Amoxitine (Strattera), Buproprion (Wellbutrin)

are all drugs that can be used with

A

ADHD

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45
Q

This tool will give the nurse information regarding the clients ability to perform self- care, extent of the clients memory loss, mood changes, and the degree of danger to self and/or others

A

Functional Dementia Scale

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46
Q

type of hallucination that:

Experiencing tastes

A

Gustatory:

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47
Q

The client can make up stones when questioned about events or activities that she does not remember This can seem like lying, but it is actually an unconscious attempt to save self-esteem and prevent admitting that she does not remember the occasion

A

Confabulation:

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48
Q

Rapid weight loss or weight loss of greater than 30% of body weight over 6 months

Vital signs demonstrating heart rate less than 40/rnin, systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm Hg

body temperature less than 36.0 C F)

ECG changes

Electrolyte disturbances

Psychiatric criteria: severe depression, suicidal behavior, family crisis, or psychosis

A

criteria for acute care

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49
Q

demonstrate a persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or rules and norms of society Categories of conduct disorder include the following:

Aggression to people and animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness or theft
Serious violations of rules

Childhood-onset develops before the age of 10, with males being more prevalent Adolescent-onset occurs
after the age of 10 The ratio of males-to-females is equal in the adolescent stage

A

Conduct disorder (childhood or adolescent onset)

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50
Q

type of hallucination that:

Hearing voices or sounds

A

Auditory:

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51
Q 
Psychiatric disorders, previous attempt
Gender
Intoxication, substance abuse
isolation
age
Chronic medical illness
Access to firearms
Hx of trauma, loss

are all risk factors for ____

A

suicide

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52
Q

4 types of therapies for PTSD

A

Individual Psychotherapy
CBT
Desensitization Therapy
EMDR

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53
Q

stage of alzheimers where

  • Losing ability to converse with others
  • Assistance required for ADLs
  • Incontinence

Losing awareness of one’s environment

  • Progressing difficulty with physical abilities (walking, sitting, and eventually swallowing)
  • Eventually losses all ability to move: can develop stupor and coma
  • Death frequently related to choking or infection
A

Severe Alzheimer’s (late stage)

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54
Q

Benzodiazepines
Anticonvulsants
Multivitamin
Thiamine

are all used with

A

Alcohol Withdrawal

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55
Q

stage of alzheimers where

Memory lapses 
Losing or misplacing items 
Difficulty concentrating and organizing 
Unable to remember material just read 
Still able to perform ADLs 
Short-term memory loss noticeable to close relations
A

Mild Alzheimer’s (early stage)

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56
Q

The client experiences psychosis due to substance intoxication or withdrawal However, the psychotic manifestations are more severe than typically expected

A

Substance-induced psychotic disorder:

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57
Q

Involuntary movements of the tongue and face, such as lip smacking and tongue fasciculations

Involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and trunk

chewing motion

facial dyskinesia

are all symptoms of ______

A

Tardive dyskinesia

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58
Q

Common problem associated with hospitalization of
older adult client

Caused secondary to another medical condition,
such as infection, malnutrition, depression,
electrolyte imbalance or substance use

Postoperative causes can include withdrawal from
illegal substances or alcohol, or impaired respiratory
function

Primary step to resolve is to determine the
underlying causa

A

delerium

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59
Q

type of hallucination that:

Feeling bodily sensations

A

Tactile:

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60
Q

Behaviors associated with ADHD must be present prior to age ___ and must be present in more than one setting to be diagnosed as ADHD Behaviors associated with ADHD can receive negative attention from adults and peers

A

12

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61
Q

Inability to sit or stand still
Continual pacing and agitation
restless

are all symptoms of __________

A

Akathisia

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62
Q

Symptomatology:

Passive-aggressive behavior, tests limits, running away

Begins with opposition toward parents>others over time
Problem is not with them, but with others

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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63
Q

The abuser has minor episodes of anger and can be verbally abusive and responsible for some minor physical violence The vulnerable person is tense during this stage and tends to accept the blame for what is happening

A

tension building phase

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64
Q

The client uses self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, and/or enemas to lose or maintain weight

A

• Purging

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65
Q

Heightened perception
Can problem solve
Mild tension relieving behaviors
Daily life

is what type of anxiety

A

mild

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66
Q

Clients recurrently eat large quantities of food over a short period of time without the use of compensatory behaviors associated with bulimia nervosa

At least once per week for 3 months

most common in adults age 46 to 55

A

Binge eating disorder

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67
Q 
Vital signs increased 
Disorientation
Visual/tactile hallucinations
Hyper-excitability to lethargy
Agitation

are all signs of

A

Delirium Tremens with alcohol

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68
Q

Obsession part of OCD is ______based

Compulsive piece of OCD is_______ based

A

thought

behavior

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69
Q

a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes intellectual/adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains.

A

Intellectual Disability:

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70
Q

Diazepam
Alprazolam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam

are all what type of meds

A

Benzodiazepines

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71
Q

It is a gross disorganization of the personality, a marked disturbance in reality testing and impairment of interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world.

A

Psychosis

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72
Q

The client repeats the words spoken to him

A

Echolalia:

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73
Q

according to the DSM5 what are the 6 types of psychotic disorders

A 
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder (acute)
Schizophrenia
Delusional Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Substance-induced psychotic Disorder
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74
Q

The client exhibits psychotic features such as
impaired reality testing or bizarre behavior (psychotic) or a significant change in motor activity behavior (catatonic) but does not meet criteria for diagnosis with another specific psychotic disorder

A

Psychotic or catatonic disorder not otherwise specified:

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75
Q

Delirium

Mild neurocognitive disorder (NCO)

Major neurocognitive disorder (commonly known as dementia

are all ____________

A

Cognitive disorders

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76
Q

Characterized by odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties, an eccentric appearance, and magical thinking or perceptual distortions that are not clear delusions or hallucinations

A

Schizotypal:

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77
Q

Treatment of acute and chronic psychotic disorders

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Bipolar disorder: primarily the manic phase

Tourette disorder

Agitation

Prevention of nausea/vomiting through blocking of dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla

A

First-generation antipsychotic medications

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78
Q

Characterized by social inhibition and avoidance of all situations that require interpersonal contact, despite wanting close relationships, due to extreme fear of rejection: often very anxious in social situations

A

Avoidant:

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79
Q

with First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications

moderate EPSs, moderate sedation, and low anticholinergic adverse effects

A

Medium potency:

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80
Q 
Sudden Hyperthermia
Rigidity
Mental Status changes
Tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated BP
diaphoresis 
drooling
coma
A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

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81
Q

The client has psychotic thinking or behavior present for at least 6 months Areas of functioning, including school or work, self-care, and interpersonal relationships, are significantly impaired

A

Schizophrenia:

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82
Q
  • Treat with an antiparkinsonian agents such as benztropine
  • 1M or IV administration diphenhydramine can also be beneficial
  • Stay with the client and monitor the airway until spasms subside (usually 5 to 15 min)

are all nursing considertions for _______

A

Acute dystonia

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83
Q

decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture.

A

waxy flexibility

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84
Q

Side Effects:
EPS
Anticholinergic
NMS

A

Typical Antipsychotics/First Generation

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85
Q

A substance use disorder involves repeated use of chemical substances, leading to clinically significant
impairment during a ____-month period

A

12

86
Q

anti psychotic medication that:

More expensive
Less side effects (overall)
Newer meds
Weight Gain
Target both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia
A

Atypical/2nd Generation

87
Q

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of ___________

Depression, fatigue, craving, excess sleeping or insomnia, dramatic unpleasant dreams, psychomotor retardation, agitation Not life-threatening, but possible occurrence of suicidal ideation

A

cocaine

88
Q

Blessed Dementia scale

A

This tool provides the nurse with client behavioral information based on an interview with a secondary source, such as a clients family member

89
Q

Characterized by perfectionism with a focus on orderliness and control to the extent that the individual might not be able to accomplish a given task

A

Obsessive-Compulsive:

90
Q

Lack of pleasure or joy The client is indifferent to things that often make others happy, such as
looking at beautiful scenery

A

Anhedonia

91
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS:

GI effects: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Bradycardia, syncope

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor medications

92
Q

Symptomatology:

Clinging behavior, tantrums, crying, screaming, complaints of physical problems, shadowing, specific phobias, & depressed mood

A

Separation Anxiety Disorder

93
Q

Alcohol withdrawal delirium can occur ____-____days after cessation of alcohol This is considered a medical
emergency Manifestations include severe disorientation, psychotic manifestations (hallucinations), severe hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and delirium Alcohol withdrawal delirium can progress to death

A

2 to 3

94
Q

if on Benzodiazepines and abruplty stop what could happen?

A

you could have a seizure and die

95
Q

Characterized by disregard for others with exploitation, lack of empathy, repeated unlawful actions, deceit, and failure to accept personal responsibility: sense of entitlement, manipulative, impulsive, and seductive: nonadherence to traditional morals and values: verbally charming and engaging

A

Antisocial:

96
Q

is a subtype of NCD that is neurodegenerative, resulting in the gradual impairment of cognitive function. It is the most common type of major NCD

A

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

97
Q

Clients who have a __________ exhibit one or more of the following common pathological personality characteristics:

Inflexibility/maladaptive responses to stress

Compulsiveness and lack of social restraint

Inability to emotionally connect in social and professional relationships

Tendency to provoke interpersonal conflict

Ability to merge personal boundaries with others

A

personality disorder

98
Q

Severe spasm of the tongue, neck, face, and back
facial grimacing
invoulantary upward eye movement

are all symptoms of ________

A

Acute dystonia

99
Q

Believes that her thoughts have been removed from her mind by an outside agency

A

Thought withdrawal:

100
Q

Feels singled out for harm by others being hunted down by the FBI)

A

Persecution:

101
Q

Avoid deny/arguing
Discuss your observation
Assess for command, client needs

are all Therapeutic Guidelines for ___________

A

Hallucinations

102
Q

Social withdrawal, lack of emotion, lack of energy, flattened affect, decreased motivation, decreased pleasure in activities

A

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

103
Q

Narrowed perception, ‘selective inattention’

Can problem solve, defense mechanisms used
Restless, irritable,

Increased physical s/s – pulse, h/a, GI, shaking, GU

is what type of anxiety

A

Moderate

104
Q

Focus on 1 detail or many scattered

Cannot problem solve

‘sense of impending doom’ More s/s

“Fight or flight”

is what type of anxiety

A

Severe

105
Q

EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION of _________
• Mild toxicity:
dizziness, irritability, tremor, blurred vision

• Severe effects:
hallucinations, seizures, extreme fever, tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain, possible cardiovascular collapse and death

A

cocaine

106
Q

The client experiences delusional thinking for at least 1 month Self or interpersonal functioning is not markedly impaired

A

Delusional disorder

107
Q

complex neurodevelopmental disorder thought to be of genetic origin with a wide spectrum of behaviors affecting an individual’s ability to communicate and interact with other

Cognitive and language development are typically delayed Characteristic behaviors include inability to maintain eye contact, repetitive actions, and strict observance of routines

more common in boys than girls

A

Autism spectrum disorder

108
Q

Methadone substitution, clonidine, buprenorphine, naltrexone, levo-alpha-acetylmethadol

are all meds used for

A

Opioid withdrawal:

109
Q

Low blood pressure with possible orthostatic hypotension

Decreased pulse and body temperature

body weight of less than 85% of expected normal

fine, downy hair (lanugo) on the face and back

yellowed skin:

mottled, cool extremities: and poor skin turgor

Dental erosion and caries (if the client is purging)

amenorrhea

constipation

A

anorexia

110
Q

Paranoid:
Schizoid:
Schizotypal:

are all ___________ personality disorders

A

Cluster A (odd or eccentric traits)

111
Q

Lack of energy

A

anergia

112
Q

Restlessness, anxiety, motor agitation, and
fluctuating moods are common Personality change

Some perceptual disturbances can be present,
such as hallucinations and illusion

Change in reality can cause fear, panic, and anger
Can cause vital signs to become unstable requiring
intervention

Should be considered a medical emergency

A

delerium

113
Q 
Decrease stimuli
Reality orientation
Assess for SI
Calm demeanor
Short statements 
Ensure personal needs met (food, rest etc.)
Medication (scheduled or prn)
Vital signs

are all nursing interventions for ______

A

PTSD

114
Q

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of _______

Abstinence syndrome begins with sweating and rhinorrhea progressing to piloerection (gooseflesh), tremors, and irritability followed by severe weakness, diarrhea, fever, insomnia, pupil dilation, nausea and vomiting, pain in the muscles and bones, and muscle spasms

8-24 hours

Withdrawal is very unpleasant but not life-threatening

A

opioids

115
Q

The client can compensate for binge eating through other means, such as excessive exercise and the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enemas

A

Nonpurging type

116
Q 
Decrease stimuli
Reality orientation
Calm demeanor;  Firm, short statements 
Ensure personal needs met (food, rest etc.)
Medication (scheduled or prn)
Vital signs

are all nursing interventions for _____________

A

Severe to Panic level of anxiety

117
Q

with First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications

low EPSs, high sedation, and high anticholinergic adverse effects

A

Low potency:

118
Q

Clients recurrently eat large quantities of food over a short period of time (binge eating), which can be followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting (purging), to rid the body of
the excess calories

A

Bulimia nervosa

119
Q 
Psychostimulant drugs (methylphenidate and amphetamine salts) and nonstimulant selective 
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine)

are good for _____

A

ADHD

120
Q

The situation is defused for a while after the violent episode The abuser becomes loving, promises to change, and is sorry for the behavior The vulnerable person wants to believe this and hopes for a change Eventually, the cycle begins again

A

honeymoon phase

121
Q 
age: any age 
Event: trauma, violence, rape, witness to traumatic event
Occupation: nurses, police, military 
Family history: 
Repeat exposure

are all risk factors for

A

PTSD

122
Q

These antipsychotic agents work mainly by blocking serotonin, and to a lesser degree, dopamine receptors
These medications also block receptors for norepinephrine, histamine, and acetylcholine

A

Antipsychotics: Second- and third-generation (atypical)

123
Q

Characterized by emotional attention-seeking behavior, in which the person needs to be the center of attention: often seductive and flirtatious

A

Histrionic:

124
Q 
Bradykinesia 
Shuffling gait 
Drooling 
Tremors 
stooped posture 
rigidity
pill rolling moion

are all symptoms of _________

A

Pseudoparkinsonism

125
Q

EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION of _________

Slurred speech, impaired memory, pupillary changes
Decreased respirations and level of consciousness, which can cause death

Maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes, including impaired judgment or social functioning

• An antidote, naloxone, available for IV use to relieve effects of overdose

A

opioids

126
Q

The client has intellectual deficits with mental abilities such as reasoning, abstract thinking, academic learning,
and learning from prior experience

impaired ability to maintain personal independence and social responsibility, including activities of daily living, social participation, and the need for ongoing support at school

A

Intellectual developmental disorder

127
Q

Misconstrues trivial events and attaches personal significance to them, such as believing that others, who are discussing the next meal, are talking about him

A

• Ideas of reference:

128
Q

Focus on the feeling
Do not agree/support delusions
Avoid arguing
Matter of fact approach

are all Therapeutic Guidelines for ___________

A

Delusions

129
Q

death can occur in alcohol levels greater than ____

A

0.4% or 400g/dL

130
Q

puroposeful imitation of movements made by others

A

echopraxia

131
Q

Characterized by emotional detachment, disinterest in close relationships, and indifference to praise or criticism: often uncooperative

A

Schizoid:

132
Q

Poverty of thought or speech The client might sit with a visitor but only mumble or respond vaguely to
questions

A

Alogia

133
Q

Chewing sugarless gum

Sipping on water

Avoiding hazardous activities

Wearing sunglasses when outdoors

Eating foods high in fiber

Participating in regular exercise

Maintaining fluid intake of 2 to 3 L/day from beverages and food sources

Voiding just before taking medication

are all strategies to decrease _____________

A

anticholinergic effects

134
Q

Believes that others’ thoughts are being inserted into his mind

A

Thought insertion:

135
Q

Characterized by extreme dependency in a close relationship with an urgent search to find a replacement when one relationship ends

A

Dependent:

136
Q

used to treat depression in patients who have psychotic disorders

A

paroxetine

137
Q

Involves the inability of a person to control behaviors requiring sustained attention

Inattention is evidenced by a difficulty in paying attention, listening, and focusing

Hyperactivity is evidenced by fidgeting, an inability to sit still, running and climbing inappropriately, difficulty with playing quietly, and talking excessively

Impulsivity is evidenced by difficulty waiting for turns, constantly interrupting others, and acting without
the consideration of consequence•

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

138
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antipsychotic medications (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole)

are good for _______

A

Autism spectrum disorders:

139
Q

Believes his actions or thoughts are able to control a situation or affect others, such as wearing a certain hat makes him invisible to others

A

Magical thinking:

140
Q 
Risperidone 
Olanzapine 
Quetiapine 
Ziprasidone 
Clozapine 
Aripiprazole

are all what type of medications

A

Second-generation/atypical antipsychotics

used to treat positive and negative symptoms

141
Q

Risperidone Risperdal, Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Ziprasidone, (Geodon), Aripiprazole (Abilify) Quetiapine (Seroquel)

can be used in the treatment of

A

Conduct Disorder

142
Q

type of hallucination that:

Seeing persons or things

A

Visual:

143
Q

are Benzodiazepines used for short term or long term use?

A

short term

144
Q

dry mouth
confusion
constipation
urinary retention

are all symptomes of __________ effects

A

Anticholinergic Effects

145
Q

The client has manifestations similar to schizophrenia, but the duration is 1 to 6 months, and social/occupational dysfunction might not be present

A

Schizophreniform disorder:

146
Q

Symptomatology:

inability to maintain eye contact; repetitive actions; and strict observance of routines; withdrawal of child into the self and into a fantasy world of his or her creation; marked abnormal impairment of social interaction and communication skills; marked restricted repertoire of activity and interest

A

Autism Spectrum Disorders

147
Q

_________________ should be used with caution in clients who have pre-existing asthma or other obstructive pulmonary disorder. Bronchoconstriction can be caused by an increase of acetylcholine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

148
Q

The client has impairments of personality (self and interpersonal) functioning However, impairment is not as severe as with schizophrenia

A

Schizotypal personality disorder

149
Q

Confusion Assessment Method (CAM):

Neelon/Champagne (NEECHAM) Confusion Scale:

is for ________

A

For delirium

150
Q

Withdrawal

fatigue, sleep disturbances, ↑ appetite, headache, irritability, muscle pain/stiffness, N/V, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness,

A

Stimulants

151
Q

type of ADHD that: Cant sit still

A

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive

152
Q

rapid onset over a a short period of time (hours- days)

Impairments in memory, judgment, ability to focus,
and ability to calculate, Which can fluctuate
throughout the day

Disorientation and confusion often worse at night and early

Level of consciousness is usually altered and can
rapidly fluctuate

A

delerium

153
Q

Associative looseness The client might say sentence after sentence, but each sentence can relate to a different topic, and the listener is unable to follow the clients thoughts

A

Flight of ideas:

154
Q 
metabolic syndrome 
orthostatic hypotension
anticholinergic effects
elevated prolactin levels 
sexual dysfunction
mild eps 
aggitation, dizziness, sedation

are all complications of ________

A

Antipsychotics: Second- and third-generation (atypical)

155
Q

This disorder is characterized by a recurrent pattern of the following antisocial behavior:

Negativity 
Disobedience 
Defiant behaviors (especially toward authority figures) 
Stubbornness 
Argumentativeness 
Limit testing 
Unwillingness to compromise 
Refusal to accept responsibility for misbehavior
A

Oppositional defiant disorder

156
Q

Change in LOC
Hallucinations, delusions
Fluctuating symptoms
Medical emergency

A

Delirium

157
Q

Cognitive deficits are not related to another mental health
disorder

Advanced age is the biggest risk factor Other causes include

genetics, sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, and
diabetes

Subtypes of neurocognitive disorder can be related to:
Alzheimer’s disease
Traumatic brain injury
Parkinson’s disease
Other disorders affecting the neurological system

irreversible

A

neurocognitive disorder

158
Q

Manifestation of things that are not normally present These are the most easily identified manifestations

A

POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

159
Q

what is the treatment for Tardive dyskinesia

A

there is none

160
Q

Clients who have this disorder exhibit recurrent temper outbursts that are severe and do not correlate with
situation

Temper outbursts are present three or more times per week and are observable by others, such as parents,
peers, and teachers, in at least by settings, such as home and school

A

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

161
Q

Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS):

Used for clients in ______ care settings

A

long-term

162
Q

stage of alzheimers where

Forgetting events of one’s own history

Difficulty performing tasks that require planning and organizing (paying bills, managing money)

Difficulty with complex mental arithmetic

Personality and behavioral change

appearing withdrawn or subdued, especially in social or mentally

challenging situations: compulsive: repetitive actions

Changes in sleep patterns

Can wander and get lost

Can be incontinent

Clinical findings that are noticeable to others

A

Moderate Alzheimer’s (middle stage)

163
Q

4 types of medications for anxiety are

A

Anxiolytics
Antidepressants
SSRI
Sedative-Hypnotic Sleep Agents

164
Q

Antisocial:
Borderline:
Histrionic:
Narcissistic:

are all ___________ personality disorders

A

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic traits)

165
Q

The clients disorder meets the criteria for both schizophrenia and depressive or bipolar disorder

A

Schizoaffective disorder:

166
Q

Predisposing Factors:

Genetic Factors

Disruptions in Embryonic Development- account for 30% of cases

Pregnancy and Perinatal Factors- account for 10% of cases (fetal malnutrition, viral/other infections, prematurity)

General Medical Conditions Acquired in Infancy or Childhood- 5% of cases

Sociocultural Factors and Other Mental Disorders- 15-20% of cases

A

Intellectual Disability:

167
Q

Avoidant:
Dependent:
Obsessive-Compulsive:

are all ___________ personality disorders

A

Cluster C (anxious or fearful traits; insecurity and inadequacy)

168
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal)- 5-16/Aripiprazole (Abilify) 6-17

Target: Agitation/deliberate self-injury/Tantrums/Rapid mood swings

can be used to help treat

A

Autism Spectrum Disorders

169
Q

Clients who have _______ can have enlargement of the parotid glands

A

bulimia

170
Q

with First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications

high EPSs, low sedation, and low anticholinergic adverse effects

A

High potency:

171
Q

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of __________
Manifestations include abdominal cramping: vomiting: tremors: restlessness and inability to sleep: increased heart rate: transient hallucinations or illusions: anxiety: increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature: and tonic-colonic seizure.

A

alcohol

172
Q

the inability to incorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image

A

splitting

173
Q

Risk factors for ________ include physiological changes, including neurological (Parkinson’s disease,
Huntington’s disease): metabolic (hepatic or renal failure, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, nutritional
deficiencies): and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: infections (HIV/AIDS): surgery: and substance
use or withdrawal

A

delirium

174
Q

: Antipsychotropics
Haloperidol (Haldol)/Pimozide (Orap)- Motor and vocal tics

can be used in the treatment of

A

Tourette’s

175
Q

3 main therapies for anxiety disorder are

A

Individual Psychotherapy
CBT
Desensitization Therapy

176
Q

Onset:

Childhood <10 years or Adolescence >10 years

Childhood onset is greater in males; Adolescent onset s equal in male/female

A

Conduct Disorder

177
Q

Advise the client to avoid over-the-counter medications that contain anticholinergic agents, such as sleep aids and antihistamin

Advise the client to avoid alcohol and other medications that cause CNS depression

Advise the client to avoid hazardous activities, such as driving

Advise the client to avoid concurrent use of levodopa and other direct dopamine receptor agonists

A

First-generation antipsychotic medications

178
Q

• Persistent energy intake restriction leading to significantly low body weight in context of age, sex,
developmental path, and physical health

• Fear of gaining weight or becoming fat

Disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape

A

Anorexia nervosa

179
Q

The individual drastically restricts food intake and does not binge or purge

A

Restricting type

180
Q

Disturbance of consciousness and a change in cognition that develops over a short period of time, reversible

Major Causes:
Substance Induced
Substance Withdrawal
Infection

A

Delirium

181
Q

This type of disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety when a child is separated from or anticipating
separation from home or parents The anxiety can develop into a school phobia or phobia of being left alone

A

Separation anxiety disorder

182
Q

Is obsessed with religious beliefs

A

Religiosity:

183
Q

Progressive deterioration in intellectual functioning, judgment, memory, ability to problem solve, and learning new skills despite being in a state of full alertness Irreversible, gradual onset

A

Dementia

184
Q

related to behavior, thought, perception, and speech: Agitation, bizarre behavior, delusions, hallucinations, flight of ideas, loose associations

A

POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

185
Q

type of hallucination that:

The voice instructs the client to perform an action, such as to hurt self or others

A

Command:

186
Q

EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION of __________

  • Impaired judgment, psychomotor agitation, hyper-vigilance, extreme irritability
  • Acute cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, elevated blood pressure), which could cause death
A

amphetamines

187
Q

onset Between the ages of 8 and no later than adolescence

Comorbidities include: ADHD, Anxiety Disorders, & Mood Disorder

More prevalent in boys than girls before puberty; rates are about equal after puberty

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

188
Q

Symptomatology:

Inattention: Difficulty paying attention, listening, and focusing

Hyperactivity: Fidgeting, in ability to sit still, running and climbing inappropriately, difficulty playing quietly, and talking excessively

Impulsivity: difficulty waiting for turn, constantly interrupting others, acting without consideration of consequences

A

ADHD

189
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine): mood stabilizers (lithium): antipsychotics (clozapine and haloperidol): beta blockers

A

Intermittent explosive disorder:

190
Q

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

Physical aggression is common and peer relationships are disturbed

A

Conduct Disorder

191
Q

maternal rubella
fragile x syndrome
down syndrome
TB

can be considered influences for

A

Autism Spectrum Disorders

192
Q

Characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, tics can occur simultaneously or at different periods of the illness.

Onset can be as early as 2 years, but commonly 6-7 years

More common in boys than girls

Can be lifelong, but usually diminish in adolescence and adulthood (can disappear all together in early adulthood in some cases)

A

Tourette’s Disorder

193
Q

anti psychotic medication that:

Less expensive
More side effects
Older meds
Violence/aggression
Target positive symptoms of schizophrenia
A

Typical/1st Generation

194
Q

3 medications given to patients with Dementia

A

Donepezil
Memantine
Haldoperidol

195
Q

type of ADHD that: Inability to focus

A

Predominantly Inattentive

196
Q

These medications are contraindicated in clients who are in a coma or have Parkinson’s disease, liver damage, or severe hypotension

A

First-generation antipsychotic medications

197
Q

opposition in ages : 10-11 months, 18-36 months, & adolescence is

A

Normal opposition

198
Q

Symptomatology:

Motor tics – Head, torso, upper/lower limbs

Simple – blinking, neck jerking, shoulder shrugging, or facial grimacing

Complex – squatting, hopping, skipping, tapping, or retracing steps

Vocal Tics – Various words of sounds
Simple – squeaks, grunts, barks, sniffs, snorts, or coughts
Complex – Obscenities

A

Tourette’s Disorder

199
Q

Disulfiram
Acamprosate
Naltrexone
SSRIs

are all used with

A

Alcohol Abuse Disorder

200
Q

4 types of medications for PTSD

A

Anxiolytics
Antidepressants
SSRI
Sedative-Hypnotic Sleep Agents

201
Q

Effects of excess of _________
Slurred speech, nystagmus, memory impairment, altered judgment, decreased motor skills, decreased level of consciousness (which can include stupor or coma), respiratory arrest, peripheral collapse, and death (with large doses)

Chronic use:
Direct cardiovascular damage, liver damage (ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis), erosive gastritis and gastrointestinal bleeding, acute pancreatitis, sexual dysfunction

A

alcohol

202
Q 
GAD
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder

are all types of _________

A

anxiery disorders

203
Q

The tension becomes too much to bear, and serious abuse takes place The vulnerable person can try to cover up the injury or try to get help

A

acute battering phase

204
Q

Persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior must be present for at least six months and be exhibited in interaction with at least one person that is not a sibling

Angry/Irritable Mood
Argumentative/Defiant Behavior
Vindictiveness

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

205
Q

type of hallucination that:

Smelling odors

A

Olfactory:

206
Q

Persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior

Interferes with social , educational , occupational, or other important areas of functioning

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

207
Q

donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine

are all __________

In some clients, these medications improve the ability to perform self-care and slow cognitive deterioration of
Alzheimer’s disease in the mild to moderate stages

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor medications

208
Q

Haloperidol
Loxapine
Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine

are all what type of medications

A

First-generation/conventional antipsychotics

mainly used to treat positive symptoms

209
Q

Lack of motivation in activities and hygiene For example, the client completes an assigned task, such as making his bed, but is unable to start the next common chore without prompting

A

Avolition:

210
Q

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS for __________
Anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, hypertension, possible psychotic reactions, hand tremors, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations or illusions, psychomotor agitation, and possible seizure activity

A

sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics

211
Q

Words jumbled together with little meaning or significance to the listener, such as, “Hip hooray, the flip is cast and wide-sprinting in the forest

A

Word salad:

mental health nursing (4 decks)

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