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Medical Botany > Final Exam- Old Tests > Flashcards

Final Exam- Old Tests Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Stabilizes/improves dementia

A

Ginkgo biloba

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2
Q

Most widely consumed psychoactive substance worldwide

A

Coffea arabica

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3
Q

Dicoumarol

A

Clover

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4
Q

New anti-malarial

A

Artemesia

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5
Q

Contains quinine

A

Cinchona bark extract

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6
Q

May cause phytophotodermatitis

A

Wild parsnip

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7
Q

Interferes with mitosis

A

Madagascar periwinkle

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8
Q

Extremely addictive

A

Tobacco

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9
Q

Insecticide (past or present)

A

Chrysantheum pyrethrins

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10
Q

T/F: dicoumarol, an antihypertensive found in sweet clover, has been linked to fatal hemorrhages in animals

A

False

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11
Q

T/F: codeine effectively represses coughing

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: theobromine is used medicinally as a CNS stimulant and is often included in headache medicines

A

False

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13
Q

T/F: arecoline, the active component of Madagascan periwinkle, is responsible for its effects on the CNS

A

False

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14
Q

T/F: glaucoma is a disease associated with increased pr sure of the fluid in the eye

A

True

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15
Q

T/F: cocaine is the most widely used drug of the opium alkaloids

A

False

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16
Q

T/F: alkaloids are organic nitrogenous compounds which are physiologically active

A

True

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17
Q

T/F: studies have shown that the herb Feverfew is an effective treatment for individuals who suffer from diabetes

A

False

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18
Q

________ has been used for many years in the treatment of malaria

A

Quinine

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19
Q

The major use of ____________ is in ophthalmology as a substance that constructs the pupil of the eye

A

Physostigmine

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20
Q

Tetrodotoxin, found in the __________ of the puffer fish is a potent neurotoxin; 1200 times deadlier than cyanide

A

Testes/ovaries

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21
Q

_____________ is an alkaloid found in greatest abundance in cocoa and chocolate

A

Theobromine

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22
Q

The hallucinogen found in peyote cactus, ___________, may be legally used by Native Americans in the US military

A

Mescaline

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23
Q

Coniine, an alkaloid found in _____________ was used by the ancient Greeks to execute condemned prisoners (like Socrates)

A

Poison hemlock

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24
Q

A living fossil ___________, has been shown in clinical trials to effectively treat memory loss, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease

A

Ginkgo biloba

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25
Q

Poisonous plant used in Europe as a cosmetic and aphrodisiac in the Middle Ages (hint: Italian for beautiful lady)

A

Deadly nightshade

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26
Q

Rauwolfia was once widely prescribed for treating ___________ but is no longer used medicinally due to its side effects of __________________.

A

Hypertension

Depression and suicidal thoughts

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27
Q

Provide a definition and name of a medical plant hat can cause or treat the term listed.
ANALGESIC

A

Pain reliever; poppy

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28
Q

Provide a definition and name of a medical plant hat can cause or treat the term listed.
ANTICOAGULANT

A

Keeps blood from clotting; sweet clover

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29
Q

Provide a definition and name of a medical plant hat can cause or treat the term listed.
HALLUCINOGEN

A

Causes hallucinations; magic mushroom

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30
Q

Provide a definition and name of a medical plant hat can cause or treat the term listed.
EMETIC

A

Vomiting; ipecac

31
Q

Can cause neurological disorder konzo

A

Cassava/Manioc

32
Q

Contains cardiac glycoside convallotoxin

A

Lilly of the valley

33
Q

Contains the triterpene glycoside glycyrrhizin

A

Licorice

34
Q

Causes human milk sickness

A

White snakeroot

35
Q

Common landscaping plant; extremely poisonous

A

Oleander

36
Q

Popular but deadly houseplant if ingested; contains calcium oxalate

A

Dieffenbachia (dumb cane)

37
Q

Seed coat contains the bioweapon ricin

A

Castor bean

38
Q

Urushiol

A

Poison ivy

39
Q

Not a toxic plant

A

Poinsettia

40
Q

Contains the alkaloid scopolamine

A

Jimsonweed

41
Q

Produces solanidine alkaloids if exposed to sunlight

A

Potato

42
Q

Associated with magical folklore and witchcraft

A

Mandrake

43
Q

Sap used as ink for Declaration of Independence

A

Pokeweed

44
Q

Used in chemotherapy for its anti-tumor properties

A

Mayapple

45
Q

Endangered plant with palm-like leaves

A

Cycad

46
Q

T/F: the passage of DSHEA (dietary supplement health education act) better regulated the safety of herbal supplements

A

False

47
Q

T/F: dieffenbachia exerts its toxicity by causing mechanical damage to cells

A

True

48
Q

T/F: the world health organization currently estimated that 20% of the world’s population presently uses herbal medicines for some aspect of their health care

A

False

49
Q

T/F: if ingested by livestock, frenetic from mayapple can cause a condition known as “trembles”

A

False

50
Q

The secondary plant compound ______________, an alkaloid extract from jimsonweed is used in a transdermal patch to alleviate motion sickness

A

Scopolamine

51
Q

Amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, is commonly found in the ____________ of apples

A

Seeds

52
Q

The ________ of mandrake sometimes resemble human figures and were greatly feared throughout the Middle Ages

A

Roots

53
Q

Extract of _______________, a parasitic plant and popular Christmas decoration has been approved in Europe as a treatment for cancer

A

Mistletoe

54
Q

Sanguarine, an alkaloid found in bloodroot, was once used as an _______________ agent in toothpaste and mouthwash. These products have since been re-formulated due to potential toxic/carcinogenic effects

A

Anti-bacterial

55
Q

In the late 1800s, physicians in Mississippi, Missouri, and Louisiana used _____________ extract to treat genital warts

A

Mayapple

56
Q

Although clinical trials have been inconclusive, in pre-clinical trials using human and rodent test subjects, Echinacea has been shown to stimulate the ____________ system

A

Immune

57
Q

Emetic

A

Ipecac

58
Q

Punicaligens

A

Pomegranates

59
Q

Resveratrol

A

Red wine

60
Q

Capsaicin

A

Chili peppers

61
Q

Effective treatment for UTI

A

Cranberries

62
Q

Rich source of catechins

A

Green tea

63
Q

Allicin

A

Garlic

64
Q

Contains lignans

A

Flaxseed

65
Q

T/F: Stroke is currently the leading cause of death in the US

A

False

66
Q

T/F: garlic, a member of the onion family, is rich in volatile, biologically active, sulfur-containing compounds

A

True

67
Q

T/F: on average, black tea contains higher concentrations of antioxidants than green tea

A

False

68
Q

T/F: peak bone mass is reached in women between 40 and 45 years of age

A

False

69
Q

T/F: Charles valentine Riley was a brilliant entomologist who proposed grafting American root stock to French grapevines to save the French wine industry from Phylloxera

A

True

70
Q

T/F: proanthocyanidines can prevent the adhesion of E. coli to the urinary tract walls

A

True

71
Q

T/F: research suggests that abstainers of alcohol are less likely to suffer heart attacks than moderate or heavy drinkers

A

False

72
Q

T/F: 35% of cancers are diet related

A

True

73
Q

T/F: a diet rich in lignan induces sexual hormone binding globulins which decreases the risk of hormone dependent cancers

A

True

Medical Botany (1 decks)

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