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340 Final > Final Exam Old Material > Flashcards

Final Exam Old Material Flashcards

1
Q

Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease

A

Common disorder marked by backflow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus that causes troublesome symptoms and/or mucosal injury to the esophagus

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2
Q

Other Risk Factors for GERD

A

Tobacco use, coffee drinking, alcohol consumption, gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori

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3
Q

Diet Modifications for GERD

A

Small meals
Avoid fluids during meals
Avoid coffee, tea, and chocolate

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4
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Noninflammatory degenerative disorder of the joints

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5
Q

Risk factors for Osteoarthritis

A

Older age
Female
Obesity

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6
Q

Osteoarthritis S/S

A

Pain
stiffness
Aggravated by movement
relieved by rest
morning stiffness

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7
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Thins bones to a point that the bone can’t withstand normal everyday stress

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8
Q

Risk factors for Osteoporosis

A

Low calcium
Age
lifestyle
Caucasian and Asian
underweight
medications

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9
Q

Medications for Osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates

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10
Q

Side Effects of Bisphosphonates

A

Can cause GI upset – give with full glass of water on empty stomach

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11
Q

Osteomalacia (RICKETS)

A

Pain, tenderness, and deformities - bowing of bones and pathologic fractures
Causes include gastrointestinal disorders, severe renal insufficiency, hyperparathyroidism, and dietary deficiency
Treatment – adding vitamin D to diet

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12
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

Treatment includes immobilization of joint, pain relief, and antibiotics

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13
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone

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14
Q

Primary Tumors

A

Benign tumors are more common, generally are slow growing, and present few symptoms

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15
Q

Metastatic Bone Tumors

A

More common than primary tumors

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16
Q

Hypercalcemia S/S

A

Kidney stones
Constipation
Bone pain
Sever muscle weakness and lethargy

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17
Q

Hip Prothesis interventions

A

Positioning of the leg in abduction to prevent dislocation of the prostheses
Do not flex hip more than 90 degrees
Avoid internal rotation

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18
Q

Discharge Teaching for Bone related Surgery

A

Take pain medicine exactly as directed.
Wear the support stockings they were given in the hospital.
Tell all healthcare providers—including dentist—about their artificial joint before any procedure.
Arrange to have their staples removed around 2 weeks after surgery.

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19
Q

Acute Phase interventions for Burns

A

Fluid Resuscitation
Foley
NG to suction for more than 25% Burn

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20
Q

Complications and Collaborative Problem

A

Acute Respiratory Failure
Acute Renal Failure
Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema
Sepsis

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21
Q

Peritonitis S/S

A

Rigid severe abdomen pain
tenderness
N/V
Chills
Fever

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22
Q

Gastritis Nursing Management

A

Reduce Anxiety
Promote optimal nutrition
Discourage caffeinated beverages
no alcohol or smoking
fluid balance

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23
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

Food makes it worse
Pain is Dull and ACHY
Weight Loss
Coffee ground bright red emesis

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24
Q

Duodenal Ulcer

A

Food makes better
Waking up at night with pain
Gnawing pain
Normal weight
Black Tarry Stools

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25
Q

Dumping Syndrome

A

Food enters the intestine too fast

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26
Q

Early symptoms of Dumping Syndrome

A

Swollen abdomen, nausea and diarrhea

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27
Q

Late Symptoms of Dumping Syndrome

A

Dizziness, sweating, weakness

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28
Q

Nursing interventions for Dumping syndrome

A

Monitor for complications of PUD
GI Bleeding
perforation
obstruction

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29
Q

Patient Education for Dumping Syndrome

A

Eat small frequent meals
Lie down for 30 minutes after eating
Dont drink fluids with meals
High protein and Fiber

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30
Q

Medications for Peptic Ulcers/GERD

A

Antiacids
Mucosal Healing - Carafate
H2 Receptor Blockers - Pepcid
Bismuth - Pepto bis
PPI’s - Protonix
Antibiotics

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31
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of bright red bloody stools

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32
Q

Is Hematochezia associated with upper GI bleeds or lower GI bleeds?

A

Lower GI bleeds

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33
Q

Nursing Care for Bariatric Patients

A

Postoperative Diet: Small meals
monitor for dumping syndrome

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34
Q

Interventions for Gastric Cancer

A

Position in Fowlers position to facilitates comfort, relieves abdominal pressure and promotes gastric emptying

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35
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

Chronic functional disorder that is more common in woman than men

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36
Q

Celiac Disease

A

Malabsoprtion caused by autimmune repsonse to gluten

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37
Q

Foods that contain Gluten

A

wheat, barley, rye, and other grains malt, dextrin, and brewer’s yeast

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38
Q

Appendicitis S/S

A

Abdominal pain
Point of McBurney’s will have the most pain
Poor appetite
elevated temp
N/V
Increased WBC
Fetal position posturing
rebound tenderness

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39
Q

Peritonitis S/S

A

Increased Heart rate
increased Respirations
Increased Temperature
Abdominal pain
abdominal distention

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40
Q

Diverticulosis

A

multiple diverticula without inflammation

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41
Q

Diverticulitis

A

infection and inflammation of diverticula

42
Q

What causes Diverticular Disease?

A

Increased pressure in the colon due to constipation/straining during bowel movements

43
Q

Diverticulitis S/S

A

Pain in abdomen
Abdominal Bloating
Unrelenting cramping pain
Constipation
High temperature

44
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

A type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers formation in the GI tract.
Affects the WHOLE bowel wall

45
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the COLON and RECTUM

46
Q

Ulcerative Colitis S/S

A

Urgent/Frequent BM
Loss of weight
Cramps
Electrolyte imbalances (from diarrhea)
Rectal bleeding
Sever Diarrhea

47
Q

Nursing interventions for Ulcerative Colitis

A

Vitals
Hydration
Monitor for peritonitis

48
Q

Foods to avoid during a flare up

A

Stuff that is hard to digest
Nuts, raw vegies
Spicy food
High fiber foods (Gut needs to rest)

49
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow- or greenish-yellow sclera and skin caused by increased serum bilirubin levels

50
Q

Causes of Cirrhosis

A

Viral Infections: Hep C, B
Alcohol COnsumption
Bile Duct problems
Obesity, hyperlipdemia

51
Q

Cirrhosis S/S

A

Tremors of hands
Jaundice
reduced WBCs
Ithcy skin
spider angiomas
ascites
confusion or coma

52
Q

Treatment for Ascites

A

Diuretics
Paracentesis
Bed Rest

53
Q

Nursing Interventions for Cirrhosis

A

Check reflexes
mental status
diet
glucose levels
I/O
monitor for bleeding

54
Q

Hepatitis C transmission

A

By blood and sexual contact including needle sticks and sharing needles

55
Q

Esophageal Varices S/S

A

Vomiting
Bleeding
Black tarry stools
Lightheadedness
Altered LOC
Jaundice

56
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus

57
Q

Treatment for Bleeding Varices

A

Treat for shock; administer oxygen
IV fluids, electrolytes, volume expanders, blood and blood products
Vasopressin, somatostatin, octreotide to decrease bleeding

58
Q

Splenic Injuries

A

Fractures of the 20th and 12th ribs can be associated with underlying damage to the spleen

59
Q

Kehr’s Sign may be a sign of splenic injures

A

Pain in the left shoulder

60
Q

Cullens Sign

A

Bruising under the umbilicus

61
Q

Greys Turner Sign

A

bruising of the flanks

62
Q

CAD Risk Factors that are Unmodifiable

A

Age
Heredity
Race
Sex

63
Q

CAD Risk Factors that are Modifiable

A

Cigarette Smoking
High Cholesterol
Hypertension
Physical activity
Obesity
Diabetes

64
Q

Chest Pain that is Suggestive of Ischemia

A

Cold sweat
SOB
N/V
Fast or irregular heart rate
numbness in hands
radiating pain down neck and shoulders

65
Q

Chest pain that is NOT due to ischemia

A

Sharp or knife-like pain when breathing
Reproducible pain
Pain that is in brief episodes

66
Q

Atypical pain experienced by woman who have an MI

A

nausea, vomiting,
dyspnea, fatigue, neck pain and abnormal pain location

67
Q

Preferred and most sensitive biomarker for Myocardial infarction detection

A

Troponin

68
Q

MONA
(but actually AONM)

A

Aspirin
Oxygen
Nitro
Morphine

69
Q

Post Angioplasty Major Complications

A

Unrecognized retroperitoneal hematoma

Will have persistent low back pain

70
Q

Evidence of reperfusion by either medication, fibrolytics or surgery

A

ST segment normalization

71
Q

Bundle Branch Block may be caused by

A

Acute coronary syndrome

72
Q

Moderate Sedation

A

No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway and spontaneous ventilation is adequate

73
Q

Nursing Assessment for Pre-Anesthetic

A

patients that are currently taking benzodiazepines or opiates-may impact dosing

74
Q

Medication Consideration for determining sedation

A

Propofol and Ketamine are always moderate/deep sedation in any hospital in a non-intubated patient

75
Q

Care During Sedation
Rescue Capacity

A

Ensure immediate access to rescue equipment including crash cart
BVM
Suction
Intubation equipment
Reversal agents

76
Q

Care During Sedation
Monitoring

A

Continuous pulse ox
Oxygen? Monitor? Suction?
VS every 5 minutes during procedure
Meet pre-established criteria prior to discharge

77
Q

Opioid vs Benzo reversal

A

Naloxone (narcan) and Flumazenil (romazicon) must be immediately available (both are on the crash cart)

78
Q

Immediate Interventions for Emergencies with Sedation

A

Stop sedation
Check level of consciousness
Maintain airway-Chin lift
Assist ventilations with BVM
Consider reversal agent
Call anesthesia stat

79
Q

What drugs would be reversed by Romazicon

A

Versed
Valium
Ativan

80
Q

What drugs would be reversed by Narcan

A

Dilaudid
Fentanyl
Morphine

81
Q

Post Procedure Status after sedation

A

Patient returns to baseline mental status and muscle control

82
Q

Delirium Reduction

A

Nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce delirium in mechanically ventilated patients include use of a spontaneous awakening trial, early mobility, and avoidance of benzodiazepines.

83
Q

Interventions for Ventilator Alarms

A

Troubleshoot alarms starting with the patient

84
Q

Weaning Criteria

A

Acceptable ABGs
Spontaneous breathing
gag
cough
FiO2 less than 50%

85
Q

VAP prevention

A

Handwashing
HOB >30
Suction
Oral Care

86
Q

Right Main Stem Intubation

A

When the ETT is inserted too far and is only passing air through the right bronchus

87
Q

Most reliable sign of increased ICP

A

Decreased LOC

88
Q

Battle’s Sign

A

Bruising behind the ear

89
Q

Halo Sign

A

CSF forms halo around drop of blood

90
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

Abnormal inner ear fluid balance caused by malabsorption or blockage

91
Q

Acoustic Neuroma

A

Slow growing, benign, tumors of CN VII
usually unilateral

92
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune Disorder affecting the myoneural junction

93
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Treatment

A

IVIG

94
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

Acute, Rapid demyelination of peripheral nerves and some cranial nerves

95
Q

When does Guillain-Barre Syndrome usually occur

A

After a recent Viral infection

96
Q

Parkinsons S/S

A

Resting tremors
bradykinesia, postural instability

97
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury

A

Damage to the pathways that connect the different areas of the brain

98
Q

Normal ICP Range

A

0-15

99
Q

CPP Formula

A

MAP - ICP = CPP

100
Q

MAP =

A

1/3 (SBP - DBP) + DBP

101
Q

DDD Pacing

A

Most physiological

340 Final (3 decks)

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