Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dental Anatomy 220 > FINAL EXAM - Occlusion > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM - Occlusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is occlusion?

A

The contact relationship between the max and mand teeth when the jaw is in a fully closed position AND the relationship between teeth of the same arch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 4 things determine occlusion?

A

1) Shedding of primary teeth
2) Associated facial muscles
3) Tongue function/posturing (tongue thrusting)
4) Orofacial habits/behaviors (thumb sucking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is “Ideal Occlusion”?

A
  • 138 occlusal contact points between 32 teeth
  • Rarely ideal
  • “Centric Occlusion” as the standard for describing occlusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Centric Occlusion?

A
  • The habitual way we close/bite down
  • The voluntary position of dentition that allows maximum contact when teeth occlude
  • Each tooth of 1 arch occludes with 2 from the opposing arch (except mand central incisors and max 8’s)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 areas of centric contact?

A

1) Height of cusps
2) Marginal ridges
3) Central fossae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Centric Relation?

A
  • The most RETRUDED position of the mandible
  • Usually 1 mm posterior to CO
  • Ideally: CO = CR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another name for the “Rest” position?

A

Interocclusal Clearance or “Freeway Space”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the “Rest” position?

A
  • The most relaxed position when muscles are at rest
  • When jaws are not being used for speech, respiration or masticatory movements
  • Teeth are usually 1 - 3 mm apart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is “Malocclusion”?

A
  • Lack of ideal occlusion when in CO
  • Any deviation from ideal relation of max. teeth to mand. teeth and arches.
  • Poor alignment within an arch (crowding, spacing, rotations, etc.)
  • Poor alignment between arches (difference in size of arches)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 5 things influence the development of occlusion and malocclusion?

A

1) Biological (inherited: tooth size, jaw size, growth patterns)
2) Environmental (habits, caries, trauma, latrogenic Tx)
3) Physiological (growth/eruption patterns)
4) Pathological (minor - missing teeth, major - cleft palate)
5) Developmental or systemic disease (neural, endocrine, vascular, muscular, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are the arches divided?

A

3 segments:

1) Anterior (ends at labial ridge of canines)
2) Middle (distal of canines to MB cusp of 1st molar)
3) Posterior (buccal cusp of 1st molar to 2nd and 3rd molars)

  • Canines and 1st molar act as anchor support for both arches *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 5 phases of arch development?

A

1) 1st molar erupt - helps to support the jaw while the primary anteriors are shed
2) Incisors erupts (central, then lateral) - erupt lingual to primary roots
3) Premolars erupt - premolars are much smaller than molars they replace (creating the “Leeway Space”)
4) Canines and 2nd molars erupts - canines wedge themselves between laterals and 1st premolars WHILE 2nd molars erupt and support the 1st molars during wedging of canines.
5) 3rd molars erupt - usually jaw length is NOT sufficient for these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the “Leeway Space”?

A

The space created due to the difference in size (MD) between the primary molars and permanent premolars that replace them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are “Parafunctional Habits”?

A

Movements of the mandible that are NOT within the normal range of motion associated with speech, respiratory and masticatory movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 5 examples of parafunctional habits.

A

1) Clenching
2) Bruxism/grinding
3) Thumb sucking
4) Tongue thrusting
5) Environmental habits (ie. eating sunflower seeds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a “mesiognathic” facial profile?

A

Straight/flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a “retrognathic” facial profile?

A

Retruded mandible (ie. buck teeth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a “prognathic” facial profile?

A

Protruded mandible (ie. under bite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe Class I Occlusion.

A

“Neutrocclusion”

  • Mesognathic profile
  • MB cusp of max 1st molar in buccal groove of mand 1st molar
  • Max canine between mand canine and 1st premolar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe Class II Occlusion.

A

“Distocclusion”

  • Retrognathic profile
  • DB cusp of max 1st molar in buccal groove of mand 1st molar
  • Mandibular teeth are distal to normal position by atleast the width of a premolar
  • Prominent maxilla and retruded mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe Class II Division I Occlusion.

A
  • Retrognathic profile

- Max. anterior teeth protrude facially from mandibular incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe Class II Division II Occlusion.

A
  • Mesognathic profile
  • Max. central incisors are upright or retruded
  • Max. lateral incisors are tipped labially or overlap centrals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe Class III Occlusion.

A
  • Prognathic profile
  • Mandibular teeth are anterior to normal position by atleast the width of a premolar
  • Max. incisors are lingual to mand. (but can be edge to edge)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anterior cross bite

A
  • Max. incisors are lingual to mand. incisors

- Tissue impingement: teeth may contact lingual gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Posterior cross bite

A
  • Max. posterior teeth are lingual to their normal position

- Mand. posterior teeth are buccal to their normal position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Edge to Edge

A
  • Incisal surfaces meet
27
Q

End to End

A
  • Molars/premolars occlude cusp to cusp when viewed MD
28
Q

Open Bite

A

Lack of occlusal/incisal contact between maxillary and mandibular teeth

29
Q

Overbite

A

The VERTICAL overlap of max. incisors over mand. incisors (%)

30
Q

Normal Overbite

A

Overlap within the incisal 1/3

31
Q

Moderate Overbite

A

Overlap within the middle 1/3

32
Q

Severe Overbite

A

Overlap within the cervical 1/3

33
Q

Overjet

A

The HORIZONTAL distance between the labioincisal surface of mand. incisors and the linguoincisal surface of max. incisors (mm)

34
Q

Underjet

A

The HORIZONTAL distance betwen the labioincisal surface of max. incisors and the linguoincisal surface of mand. incisors

35
Q

Labioversion

A

Tooth positioned labial/facial to its normal position

36
Q

Linguoversion

A

Tooth positioned lingual to its normal position

37
Q

Buccoversion

A

Tooth positioned buccal to its normal position

38
Q

Supraversion

A

Tooth elongated ABOVE the line of occlusion

39
Q

Infraversion

A

Tooth BELOW the line of occlusion

40
Q

Torsoversion

A

Tooth that is turned or rotated

41
Q

Midline Deviation

A

When the midline of the mand. is shifted to the left or right of the max. midline

42
Q

Curve of Spee

A

The upward curve of the occlusal plane

43
Q

Curve of Wilson

A

The curve of both arches when viewed from the posterior region

44
Q

What is the vertical alignment of the maxillary posterior teeth?

A
  • Crowns have a slight buccal inclination

- Roots have a slight lingual inclination

45
Q

What is the vertical alignment of the mandibular posterior teeth?

A
  • Crowns tip lingually

- Roots tip buccally

46
Q

What is the vertical alignment of ALL the teeth?

A
  • All teeth have a slight MESIAL tilt (EXCEPT max 8’s)

- Anterior teeth have a labial protrusion

47
Q

Primary Occlusion

A
  • Also has ideal form

- Canine relationship is same as permanent dentition

48
Q

What is the “Terminal Plane?”

A

The ideal molar relationship in primary dentition when in centric occlusion (includes flush terminal plane and mesial step)

49
Q

What is the “Flush Terminal Plane”?

A

The primary max. and mand. 2nd molars are in end to end relationship

50
Q

What is the “Mesial Step”?

A

The primary mand. 2nd molar is MESIAL to the max. 2nd molar

51
Q

What is the “Distal Step”?

A

The primary mand. 2nd molar is DISTAL to the max. 2nd molar

  • NOT an ideal molar relationship
  • NOT a type of terminal plane relationship
52
Q

What are “Primate Spaces”?

A
  • Natural occuring spaces that occur as a result of jaw growth
  • Provide room for eruption of permanent teeth
  • May occur between primary teeth
  • Spaces noted between: max. lateral incisors and canine & mand. 1st molar and canine
53
Q

Describe “Protrusion”

A
  • When the mandible moves forward from CO or CR
  • Mand. anterior and max. anteriors end in edge to edge relationship
  • 8 anterior teeth should be touching and assume the stress of protrusive movements
    (teeth in contact during protrusion are charted on odontogram)
54
Q

Describe “Lateral excursion”

A
  • Movement of the mandible from CO or CR to the left or right, until canines are cusp tip to cusp tip
55
Q

Cuspid Rise

A

When ONLY the cuspids/canines are in contact during excursion (“ideal”)

56
Q

Group Function

A

When the premolars or molars also contact anytime during the lateral excursion ON THE SAME SIDE
- Usually happens if there is attrition on the canines

57
Q

How do you chart lateral excursion?

A
  • If movement is to the right - RIGHT is the working side.
  • LEFT is the non-working side
  • If teeth on the non-working side occlude - they are an INTERFERENCE and are documented in RED
58
Q

What is “Premature Contact”?

A

Occurs when 1 or 2 teeth contact before other teeth

59
Q

What causes Premature Contact?

A
  • Malalignment (supraversion, linguoversion, rotations, tipping, etc.)
  • Latrogenic dentistry (restorations that are too high)
60
Q

What can Premature Contacts cause…

A
  • Abnormal stress on the TMJ
  • Overusing muscles = tenderness
  • Tooth pain, mobility or widening of PDL space
  • Tooth may fracture
61
Q

What is “Occlusal Trauma?”

A

When forces of occlusion exceed that of which the bone is capable of supporting

62
Q

What are clinical signs and symptoms of Occlusal Trauma?

A
  • Increased muscle activity/tenderness (may become habitual - cheek biting, grinding, etc.)
  • Tooth mobility
  • Attrition, abfraction, wear facets, fractures
  • Senstitivity
  • TMJ problems
63
Q

What are histologic signs of Occlusal Trauma?

A
  • Widening of PDL space
  • Necrosis (cell death) of PDL
  • Loss of lamina dura/thickened lamina dura
  • Root resorption
  • Cemental tears
  • Furcation involvement

Dental Anatomy 220 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions