Final Exam/ New Material

Question 1

Specific Heat of human tissue

Answer 1

0.84 cal/g C

Question 2

Specific heat of blood

Answer 2

0.86 cal/g C

Question 3

Specific Heat of Air

Answer 3

0.29 cal/L C

Question 4

Specific Latent heat of water at 100 C

Answer 4

540.67 cal/gm

Question 5

Specific Latent heat of water at 37 C

Answer 5

578.95 cal/gm

Question 6

Specific Latent Heat

Answer 6

Amount of energy in the form of heat required to completely affect a phase change of a unit of mass

Question 7

Henry’s Law

Answer 7

At a particular temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

Question 8

Bunsen Solubility Coefficient

Answer 8

Volume of gas, corrected to STP, which dissolves in one unit volume of the liquid at the temperature concerned where the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid is one standard atmosphere

Question 9

Otswald Solubility Coefficient

Answer 9

Volume of gas which dissolves in one unit volume of the liquid at the temperature concerned

Question 10

Partition Coefficient

Answer 10

Ratio of the amount of substance present in one phase compared with another, the 2 phases being of equal volume and at equilibrium

Question 11

Solubility of Oxygen in Plasma at 1 atmosphere

Answer 11

0.0031

Question 12

Oxygen Content Equation

Answer 12

CaO2 = (SaO2 x Hb x 1.36) + .0031(PaO2)

Question 13

Uptake =

Answer 13

Solubility x Cardiac Output x (Pa-Pv)

Question 14

Solubility of N2O, Halothane and Ether in blood

Answer 14

N2O=0.47, Halothane=2.3, Ether=12

Question 15

Solubility of N2O, Ether and Halothane in oil

Answer 15

N2O=1.4, Ether=65, Halothane=224

Question 16

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

Answer 16

Concentration in percent, at equilibrium, at 1 atm, at which 50% of subjects will not respond to noxious stimuli

Question 17

Meyer-Overton Correlation

Answer 17

Anesthesia commences when a chemical substance reaches a certain molar concentration in the hydrophobic phase ( the greater is the lipid solubility of the compound, the greater is its anaesthetic potency) aka, Anesthesia is produced by the partial pressure of the anesthetic agent in brain tissue

Question 18

MAC of Sevoflurane

Answer 18

2.6% for a 20 yo, decrease by 0.2% per decade

Question 19

Partial pressure of anesthetic in gas

Answer 19

proportional to concentration

Question 20

Partial pressure of anesthetic in blood

Answer 20

inversely proportional to solubility (high solubility means you must dissolve a lot more to produce a change in partial pressure/concentration)

Question 21

Low solubility in blood

Answer 21

fast induction and recovery

Question 22

High solubility in blood

Answer 22

slower induction and recovery

Question 23

Increased cardiac output

Answer 23

slows onset of general inhalation anesthesia

Question 24

Uptake proceeds sequentially into 3 main compartments

Answer 24

1) vessel rich group 2) muscle group 3) fat group

Question 25

Second Gas Effect

Answer 25

Potent agents are given with N2O so that potent agent will be delivered in increased amounts to the alveoli as N2O is absorbed by pulmonary blood

Question 26

Concentration Effect

Answer 26

Occurs when N2O is administered in high concentrations during induction. N2O is taken up rapidly and more gas rushes in to take its place effectively increasing alveolar ventilation.

Question 27

Vapor Pressure of Halothane, Isoflurane, Desflurane and Sevoflurane

Answer 27

Halo-243, Iso-238, Des-664, Sevo-160

Question 28

MAC of Halothane, Isoflurane, Desflurane and Sevoflurane

Answer 28

Halothane-0.75% Isoflurane-1.15%, Desflurane:6-7.25% and Sevoflurane:1.6-2.6%

Question 29

Dew Point

Answer 29

the temperature at which the atmosphere would be saturated with the contained water vapor

Question 30

Absolute Humidity

Answer 30

the mass of water vapour present in a given volume of air

Question 31

Relative Humidity

Answer 31

the ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air to the mass required to saturate that given volume of air at the same temperature, usually expressed as a percentage

Question 32

Hydrophobic HME

Answer 32

small pore membrane

Question 33

Hygroscopic HME

Answer 33

wool, foam coated with moisture retaining chemicals

Question 34

Diffusion Hypoxia

Answer 34

reverse of concentration effect: high rate of transfer of anesthetic from blood and tissues to alveoli. Additional gas dilutes alveolar oxygen and can result in post-op hypoxia.

Question 35

Vaporizer Equation

Answer 35

Va/Vo2=Pa/Po2=Pa/(Pb-Pa)

Question 36

Variable Bypass Vaporizer

Answer 36

most common type of vaporizer, splits carrier gas flow so that only a portion goes through the vaporizer. This picks up saturated vapor, then leaves to mix with the remainder of the gas that has gone through a bypass. Adjustable valve may alter final concentration

Question 37

Measured Flow Vaporizer

Answer 37

Used for Des, heats anesthetic agent to temperature above boiling point (so it will behave as a gas) which then can be metered into fresh gas flow

Question 38

Maximum Agent Concentration

Answer 38

Vapor pressure of agent/ barometric pressure

Question 39

Fick's Law

Answer 39

Rate of diffusion of a substance across unit area is proportional to the concentration gradient

Question 40

Graham's Law

Answer 40

Rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight

Question 41

Molarity

Answer 41

moles of solute/liters of solution

Question 42

Molality

Answer 42

moles of solute/ kg of solvent

Question 43

Blood pressure to infuse kidney

Answer 43

must be greater than 70 mmHg

Question 44

Osmotic pressure of blood colloids

Answer 44

30 mmHg

Question 45

Raoult's Law

Answer 45

depression or lowering of vapor pressure of a solvent is proportional to the molar concentration of a solute