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Physics for Anesthesia > Final Exam/ New Material > Flashcards

Final Exam/ New Material Flashcards

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1
Q

Specific Heat of human tissue

A

0.84 cal/g C

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2
Q

Specific heat of blood

A

0.86 cal/g C

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3
Q

Specific Heat of Air

A

0.29 cal/L C

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4
Q

Specific Latent heat of water at 100 C

A

540.67 cal/gm

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5
Q

Specific Latent heat of water at 37 C

A

578.95 cal/gm

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6
Q

Specific Latent Heat

A

Amount of energy in the form of heat required to completely affect a phase change of a unit of mass

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7
Q

Henry’s Law

A

At a particular temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

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8
Q

Bunsen Solubility Coefficient

A

Volume of gas, corrected to STP, which dissolves in one unit volume of the liquid at the temperature concerned where the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid is one standard atmosphere

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9
Q

Otswald Solubility Coefficient

A

Volume of gas which dissolves in one unit volume of the liquid at the temperature concerned

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10
Q

Partition Coefficient

A

Ratio of the amount of substance present in one phase compared with another, the 2 phases being of equal volume and at equilibrium

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11
Q

Solubility of Oxygen in Plasma at 1 atmosphere

A

0.0031

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12
Q

Oxygen Content Equation

A

CaO2 = (SaO2 x Hb x 1.36) + .0031(PaO2)

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13
Q

Uptake =

A

Solubility x Cardiac Output x (Pa-Pv)

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14
Q

Solubility of N2O, Halothane and Ether in blood

A

N2O=0.47, Halothane=2.3, Ether=12

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15
Q

Solubility of N2O, Ether and Halothane in oil

A

N2O=1.4, Ether=65, Halothane=224

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16
Q

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

A

Concentration in percent, at equilibrium, at 1 atm, at which 50% of subjects will not respond to noxious stimuli

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17
Q

Meyer-Overton Correlation

A

Anesthesia commences when a chemical substance reaches a certain molar concentration in the hydrophobic phase ( the greater is the lipid solubility of the compound, the greater is its anaesthetic potency) aka, Anesthesia is produced by the partial pressure of the anesthetic agent in brain tissue

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18
Q

MAC of Sevoflurane

A

2.6% for a 20 yo, decrease by 0.2% per decade

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19
Q

Partial pressure of anesthetic in gas

A

proportional to concentration

20
Q

Partial pressure of anesthetic in blood

A

inversely proportional to solubility (high solubility means you must dissolve a lot more to produce a change in partial pressure/concentration)

21
Q

Low solubility in blood

A

fast induction and recovery

22
Q

High solubility in blood

A

slower induction and recovery

23
Q

Increased cardiac output

A

slows onset of general inhalation anesthesia

24
Q

Uptake proceeds sequentially into 3 main compartments

A

1) vessel rich group 2) muscle group 3) fat group

25
Q

Second Gas Effect

A

Potent agents are given with N2O so that potent agent will be delivered in increased amounts to the alveoli as N2O is absorbed by pulmonary blood

26
Q

Concentration Effect

A

Occurs when N2O is administered in high concentrations during induction. N2O is taken up rapidly and more gas rushes in to take its place effectively increasing alveolar ventilation.

27
Q

Vapor Pressure of Halothane, Isoflurane, Desflurane and Sevoflurane

A

Halo-243, Iso-238, Des-664, Sevo-160

28
Q

MAC of Halothane, Isoflurane, Desflurane and Sevoflurane

A

Halothane-0.75% Isoflurane-1.15%, Desflurane:6-7.25% and Sevoflurane:1.6-2.6%

29
Q

Dew Point

A

the temperature at which the atmosphere would be saturated with the contained water vapor

30
Q

Absolute Humidity

A

the mass of water vapour present in a given volume of air

31
Q

Relative Humidity

A

the ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air to the mass required to saturate that given volume of air at the same temperature, usually expressed as a percentage

32
Q

Hydrophobic HME

A

small pore membrane

33
Q

Hygroscopic HME

A

wool, foam coated with moisture retaining chemicals

34
Q

Diffusion Hypoxia

A

reverse of concentration effect: high rate of transfer of anesthetic from blood and tissues to alveoli. Additional gas dilutes alveolar oxygen and can result in post-op hypoxia.

35
Q

Vaporizer Equation

A

Va/Vo2=Pa/Po2=Pa/(Pb-Pa)

36
Q

Variable Bypass Vaporizer

A

most common type of vaporizer, splits carrier gas flow so that only a portion goes through the vaporizer. This picks up saturated vapor, then leaves to mix with the remainder of the gas that has gone through a bypass. Adjustable valve may alter final concentration

37
Q

Measured Flow Vaporizer

A

Used for Des, heats anesthetic agent to temperature above boiling point (so it will behave as a gas) which then can be metered into fresh gas flow

38
Q

Maximum Agent Concentration

A

Vapor pressure of agent/ barometric pressure

39
Q

Fick’s Law

A

Rate of diffusion of a substance across unit area is proportional to the concentration gradient

40
Q

Graham’s Law

A

Rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight

41
Q

Molarity

A

moles of solute/liters of solution

42
Q

Molality

A

moles of solute/ kg of solvent

43
Q

Blood pressure to infuse kidney

A

must be greater than 70 mmHg

44
Q

Osmotic pressure of blood colloids

A

30 mmHg

45
Q

Raoult’s Law

A

depression or lowering of vapor pressure of a solvent is proportional to the molar concentration of a solute

Physics for Anesthesia (2 decks)

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