final exam new info Flashcards
what are the two models of health behavior changes
transtheoretical model and the health belief model
transtheoretical model
readiness for change underlies the decisions to engage in and maintain a health promoting behavior
-there are stages within this model
stages of the transtheoretical model
pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance
what are some IDA institute tools that can be used within the transtheoretical model
circle tool line tool and box tool
purpose of the circle tool
identifying which stage the patient is in in terms of their health behavior
-asking what best describes them with getting HAs
IDA line tool
based on motivational interviewing and uses a scale of 1-10
-best with the contemplation stage
IDA box tool
helps patient determines if benefits of taking action outweighs disadvantages
-helpful in the preparation stage
health belief model
perception of disability, benefit and barriers are thought to determine health behavior change
-a person will make a change once they weigh the barriers and beliefs
under the health belief model, what are some examples of things that patient perceives prior to making a change
perceived susceptibility to HL, perceives degree of severity of HL, calculates benefit to taking action, perceives own self-efficacy and receives external cues to action
in accordance with the health belief model, action is taken place when ….
perceived benefits outweigh perceived barriers
what are some IDA institute tools that can be used within the health belief model
box tool
what are the two questions in the box tool
what are the advantages of continuing as you do today and what are the disadvantages of continuing as you do today
what do we know about adults and the first time they seek hearing help
~10 years can pass between HL identification and treatment
social determinants of health
who they are, what they do and the conditions in which people are born, grown, live, work and age
social determinant framework includes …
structural determinant’s such as socioeconomic and political context as well as intermediary determinants such as material, psychosocial factors and behaviors
what are some components of culturally competent health care
provide interpreter services, recruit/retain minority staff, provide training to increase cultural awareness, coordinate with traditional healers, use community health workers, incorporate culture specific attitudes, expand hours of operation and provide linguistic competency
microaggressions
comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally expresses a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalize group, such as a racial minority
psychosocial adaptation
process of putting oneself in harmony with the changing circumstances of life so as to enhance ones sense of well being and long term survivorship
-there is work needed for this adaptation
importance of discussing psychosocial adaption with patients that have HL
HL is a chronic condition and patients will have to adapt to having the HL and despite there being devices or management options, the HL will still be there and we are not sure how our patient will be within the process
-there is no set schedule of the phases
-but understanding the potential phases patients may go through will allow for us to become better clinicians
what are the 3 dimensions of disability
impairment, activity limitation and participation restrictions
impairment
mental or body structure or functioning
-i.e. loss of limb, loss of vision, memory loss and HL
activity limitation
execution of a task or action by an individual has been impacted based on some sort of impairment
-how it affects how someone functions
participation restrictions
a persons involvement in a life situation and how it is restricted due to an impairment
-how daily life could be affected
-i.e. working, social/recreational activity and obtaining services
what are some models of adjustment
shock, anxiety, denial, depression, internalized anger, externalized hostility, adjustment and the kubler-ross model death and dying
how can coping be categorized
maladaptive (negative) or adaptive (positive)
-wanting to reduce the negative factor and maintain positive self esteem
what is an indicator of successful psychosocial adaptation relative to body image
updating body image to include disability
how can denial be viewed
as a stage in processing grief and as a defense mechanism
ableism
discrimination of and prejudice against people with disabilities based on the belief that typical abilities are superior
-rooted in the assumption that disabled people require fixing and defines people by their disability
common forms of ableism
physical barriers (lack of ramps, elevators or accessible restrooms), attitudinal barriers (assumptions about the abilities of needs of people), systemic barriers (policies or practices that disadvantages people with disabilities) and communication barriers (lack of accessible materials)
components of family centered care
understanding that the patient exists within a family, considering the context of the family, understanding that every child/family is different, and that parents need support
what are some things that adolescents in the process of figuring out
they are figuring out who they are
-which parts they accept/reject
-establish adult identity
-what kind of person they are
-how they fit in with friends
-what they are learning
-how they can separate and connect with adults
infant communication and the connection to self concept
this is developed by interactions with others in the environment
-one study showed that hearing mothers were less responsive than Deaf mothers to Deaf babies communication efforts
with shaping infant communication, what is important to do
important for parents/caregivers to be in tune with baby’s needs, important for parent/caregivers to be attentive to what interests the baby and to educate parent/caregiver that communication may look different
positive self concept develops when parents/caregivers ….
give positive messages to absorb
with HL, what is one of the most serious threats to selfhood
hiding the HL
for many parents being upset about the HA appearance is normal, what can do we do help welcome this into a conversation
create a nonjudgmental space to talk to the parent about how it feels to see the HAs
prepare for the future with how people may ask about it
what are some aspects of a support system that we can talk to parents about
other parents of children with HL
-we can keep a list as they can relate to what the current family is going through
-also knowing that extended family and siblings need support
objective self (me)
physical/activity, social and cognitive l things you can use to describe yourself
-such as age, gender, physical features, work or student statis
-list of descriptors or qualities
subjective self (i)
continuous or stable perception ; how we view ourselves, unique description
-parents and other shape this development
-awareness of how one affects their own experiences
self identity
identity that comes from belonging to a group
-finding a group that you can relate to and share expereinces with
what is one benefit of a strong self identity
feeling connected or belonging to a group
what supports having a self identity
having people in the environment that can relate as well as location (rural vs. city)
what has been found true with HH adults and self identity
their identity is connected to multiple factors using their history as part of it
social identity vs. self identity
social is the sense of belonging to a specific group whereas self is related to how other perceive us
important things to take into consideration when working with families of children with special needs
they might have a hard time fitting into a support group, the HL may gall further down on the priority list due to other conditions being more urgent and that they may be overwhelmed (needing a case manager)
how can the lack of diversity in our profession be potentially problematic for our patients
sense of being able to relate, not being able to connect further with patients due to this, inability to relate to the patient
audism
notion that one is superior based on ones ability to hear or to behave in the manner of being able to hear
what are some examples of audism
pushing spoken language towards a family, pushing HAs or other technology onto a patient, assuming that someone who comes in wants treatment and word usage that were used followed the belief that hearing is superior
what are the four culturally Deaf identities
hearing, marginal (neither with hearing nor Deaf culture), Deaf and bicultural (both hearing and Deaf culture)
as a result of Chapman and Dammeyer, which group reports high levels of discrimination
those with marginal scores
-as they often had other disabilities
as a result of Chapman and Dammeyer, which group reported lower psychological well being. why?
those with marginal score
-they face unique challenges that impact their mental health
-they don’t have a necessary sense of belonging which relates with this lower psychological well being
what are some reasons as to why teachers and school administrators may overlook the educational needs of children with MMHL
due to the belief that MMHL students can function easily in oral environments and have less need for support services than students who are deaf
-these students may not give off the same warning signs as those with more severe/profound HL
-MMHL students still have the ability to perform on par
