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HLTH 305 > Final Exam Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Final Exam Multiple Choice Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements best differentiates health policy from healthcare policy?
A) It encompasses a broader range.
B) It is more likely to be privatized.
C) It encompasses a narrower range.
D) It is less likely to be privatized.

A

A) It encompasses a broader range.

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2
Q

Which of the following statements best describes how responsibility for health care is divided in Canada?
A) The federal government pays for the costs and the provinces set the regulations.
B) The federal government sets regulations and jointly administers the systems with the provinces.
C) The federal government sets regulations and the provinces pay for the costs.
D) The federal government sets regulations and provinces administer their systems.

A

D) The federal government sets regulations and provinces administer their systems.

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3
Q

Which of the following research questions is a researcher adhering to the conflict model of policy most likely to investigate?
A) Whether Pfizer’s COVID vaccine is more effective than Moderna’s.
B) Whether COVID death rates are greater in for-profit long-term care homes compared to non-profit long term care homes.
C) Whether the added costs of delivering COVID vaccines via mobile vans compared to fixed sites are worth it.
D) Whether rates of COVID infection among teachers in schools where masks are required is less than in schools where masks are not required.

A

B) Whether COVID death rates are greater in for-profit long-term care homes compared to non-profit long term care homes.

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4
Q

Betty always votes for politicians who promise to cut taxes and decrease the role of government. Which of the following best describes how she likely sees society?
A) Market model
B) Positivist model
C) Polis model
D) Medical model

A

A) Market model

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5
Q

Rollo always votes for politicians who promise to increase government funding for health and social services. Which of the following best describes how he likely sees society?
A) Positivist model
B) Medical model
C) Market model
D) Polis model

A

D) Polis model

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6
Q

Which of the following statements about the socio-environmental model of health would the textbook author most likely say is false?
A) It focuses on environmental conditions like hazardous living conditions.
B) It is rooted in health individualism.
C) It sees community development as a key way to address health problems.
D) It considers how larger economic, social, and political factors affect health.

A

D) It considers how larger economic, social, and political factors affect health.

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7
Q

Sally and Charley are discussing whether or not alien lifeforms exist. What type of conversation are they having?
A) Methodological
B) Ecological
C) Ontological
D) Epistemological

A

C) Ontological

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8
Q

On which of these domains does positivism differentiate from interpretivism?
A) Methodology but not ontology or epistemology
B) Methodology and epistemology but not ontology
C) Ontology and epistemology, but not methodology
D) Ontology, epistemology, and methodology

A

D) Ontology, epistemology, and methodology

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9
Q

Bella decides to conduct focus groups rather than one-on-one interviews. What type of decision has she made?
A) Methodological
B) Ecological
C) Epistemological
D) Ontological

A

A) Methodological

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10
Q

Which of the following social theories posits that a natural reality exists outside of human interpretation, but that we cannot study it objectively?
A) Positivism
B) Post-positivism
C) Interpretivism
D) Critical theory

A

B) Post-positivism

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11
Q

Which of the following social theories is most focused on how people perceive of their experiences?
A) Critical theory
B) Interpretivism
C) Post-positivism
D) Positivism

A

B) Interpretivism

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12
Q

Seamus is conducting a statistical analysis of biomechanical data for his undergraduate thesis project. Which social theory best fits with his project?
A) Interpretivism
B) Positivism
C) Critical Theory
D) Post-Positivism

A

B) Positivism

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13
Q

Which of the following research instruments are interpretivists least likely to use in their research?
A) Ethnographic field notes
B) Close-ended survey questions
C) Focus group questions
D) Open-ended interview questions

A

B) Close-ended survey questions

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14
Q

Stella is designing a post-positivist research project. Which of the following types of data is she most likely to collect:
A) Quantitative only
B) Neither quantitative nor qualitative
C) Qualitative only
D) Quantitative and qualitative

A

D) Quantitative and qualitative

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15
Q

Which of the following social theories takes people’s understandings of their experiences at face value?
A) Positivism
B) Post-positivism
C) Interpretivism
D) Critical Theory

A

C) Interpretivism

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16
Q

Which of the following hypothetical acts of the Ontario provincial government would be the best example of the macro level of policy?
A) Requiring universities to collect data on student financial resources.
B) Abolishing tuition and other costs of post-secondary education paid by students.
C) Changing the formula it uses to provide funding to post-secondary institutions.
D) Creating a new website to help students and their families understand OSAP eligibility.

A

B) Abolishing tuition and other costs of post-secondary education paid by students.

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17
Q

Which of the following statements about the levels of policy is true?
A) The meso level is concerned with making minor revisions to existing programs, while the macro level is concerned with making major revisions to existing programs.
B) The meso level is concerned with pre-existing government programs, while the macro level is concerned with how ideologies affect the functions of government.
C) The meso level is concerned with less pressing issues than the macro level.
D) The meso level is concerned with social and political factors, while the macro level is concerned with the day-to-day business of government.

A

B) The meso level is concerned with pre-existing government programs, while the macro level is concerned with how ideologies affect the functions of government.

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18
Q

A researcher is studying how Ontario’s colleges and universities have responded to student mental health concerns during remote learning. Which theory is this the best example of?
A) Political Economy
B) Pluralism
C) New Institutionalism
D) Rational Choice Institutionalism

A

C) New Institutionalism

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19
Q

What is the best explanation for why the textbook author categorized creating a telehealth line as a meso level policy, and categorized creating a daycare program as a macro level policy?
A) The telehealth line cost the government less than the daycare program.
B) The telehealth line was implemented at the provincial level, while the daycare program was implemented at the national level.
C) The telehealth line was a new program as part of an existing government function, while the daycare program was a new government function.
D) The telehealth line addressed the health of individuals, while the daycare program addressed the health of whole communities.

A

C) The telehealth line was a new program as part of an existing government function, while the daycare program was a new government function.

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20
Q

Which of the following is most likely to occur if the predominant Canadian understanding of public policy was less pluralist?
A) More attention on how ideologies shape policy
B) Less attention on health inequalities
C) More attention on individualized approaches to health care
D) Less attention on the policy positions of political parties on healthcare issues

A

A) More attention on how ideologies shape policy

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21
Q

Select the two words or phrases that best complete this sentence: Critical theory is to ________ as political economy is to ________.
A) Learning models, policy paradigms
B) Consensus, conflict
C) Positivism, pluralism
D) Institutionalism, new institutionalism

A

C) Positivism, pluralism

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22
Q

Which of the following is not a criticism of pluralism?
A) It doesn’t help to understand health inequalities
B) It views the political process as consensual and conflict-free
C) It considers all views as equally valid
D) It obscures a complicated reality

A

C) It considers all views as equally valid

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23
Q

Which of the following approaches is most similar to the views of pluralism?
A) Political economy
B) Critical theory
C) Consensus theory
D) Neoliberalism

A

C) Consensus theory

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24
Q

Which of the following statements is true?
A) The textbook author defines health policy as any policy that potentially affects individual or population health
B) Theories are not useful for understanding health policy change
C) The textbook author defines health policy as any policy that directly affects the delivery of health care services
D) Theories are not useful for understanding policymaking

A

A) The textbook author defines health policy as any policy that potentially affects individual or population health

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25
Q

Which of the following statements is true?
A) New institutionalism focuses on the macro level
B) Pluralism focuses on the micro and macro levels
C) New institutionalism focuses on the micro and meso levels
D) Political economy focuses on the meso level

A

C) New institutionalism focuses on the micro and meso levels

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26
Q

According to the textbook, which of the following statements best describes a predominant belief about policy change in Canada?
A) Policymakers neutrally mediate the demands of interest groups
B) Policymakers are influenced by social, economic, and political factors
C) Policymakers are constrained by the structure, rules, and procedures of organizations
D) Policymakers focus on how power and resources are distributed

A

A) Policymakers neutrally mediate the demands of interest groups

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27
Q

Which of the following best corresponds to the Politics stream in Kingdon’s Policy Stream Convergence model?
A) A politician votes against a bill because she doesn’t believe it will solve the issue it claims to
B) A politician votes against a bill because it doesn’t fit her political beliefs
C) A politician votes for a bill because it solves an issue she is concerned with
D) A politician votes for a bill because she believes it will solve the issue it claims to

A

B) A politician votes against a bill because it doesn’t fit her political beliefs

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28
Q

Which of the following best describes a researcher engaged in a political economy analysis?
A) She is focused on how institutions affect policymaking
B) She believes policymakers are objective judges of policy proposals
C) She views policymaking as uninfluenced by ideology
D) She hopes to bring about change with her research

A

D) She hopes to bring about change with her research

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29
Q

Which of the following COVID-related policy goals is a neoliberal government least likely to support?
A) Increasing taxes on the rich to fund enhanced unemployment benefits
B) Contracting with private, for-profit companies to conduct testing and tracing
C) Requiring vaccination for entry to indoor public spaces
D) Allowing individuals to decide when and where to wear facemasks

A

A) Increasing taxes on the rich to fund enhanced unemployment benefits

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30
Q

Which of the following best illustrates commodification?
A) Canada’s economic system is a form of capitalism
B) Health care providers in Toronto compete with each other for patients
C) Government regulations make it hard for businesses to compete
D) Ontario begins charging patients $25 for every physician visit

A

D) Ontario begins charging patients $25 for every physician visit

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31
Q

According to Leichter’s Framework, which of the following is the best example of an environmental factor that may affect Canadian public policy?
A) Surging cases of COVID-19 in the United States
B) Inequities in rates of COVID-19 between urban and rural residents of Canada
C) Contamination of sensitive wildlife habitats by oil extraction and transport
D) Distrust in government among Indigenous people in Canada

A

A) Surging cases of COVID-19 in the United States

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32
Q

Which of the following statements about Leichter’s Framework is true?
A) It lacks an explanation for how structures and situations influence policy
B) Its primary goal is to bring about policy change
C) It analyzes the role that access to power and resources plays in policy change
D) Its outputs are government-provided goods and services

A

A) It lacks an explanation for how structures and situations influence policy

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33
Q

Which of the following statements about Leichter’s and Easton’s frameworks is most true?
A) Both are lists
B) Lechter’s is a flow chart and Easton’s is a list
C) Easton’s is a flow chart and Leichter’s is a list
D) Both are flow charts

A

C) Easton’s is a flow chart and Leichter’s is a list

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34
Q

According to Easton’s Framework, which of the following statements about government institutions is most true?
A) They decide on a process for making or changing policy before deciding which citizen demands to address
B) They decide which outputs to produce before deciding on a process for making or changing policy
C) They decide which citizen demands to address before deciding on a process for making or changing policy
D) They decide which outputs to produce before deciding which citizen demands to address

A

C) They decide which citizen demands to address before deciding on a process for making or changing policy

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35
Q

Which of the following is least likely to be identified as an input in a policy analysis of Canadian health care using Easton’s model?
A) The policy option chosen by the government
B) The pride many Canadians feel towards Medicare
C) The income tax revenue collected by governments
D) The public’s approval of a particular policy option

A

A) The policy option chosen by the government

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36
Q

Which of the following factors is a policy analysis using both Easton and Leichtner’s frameworks most likely to leave out?
A) Consequences of economic globalization
B) Funding available to government
C) Dominant religious beliefs
D) Disagreements between advocacy groups

A

D) Disagreements between advocacy groups

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37
Q

Which of the following is a social democratic welfare state least likely to do?
A) Provide free COVID vaccinations to everyone who wants one
B) Provide free COVID tests to anyone who thinks they may have been exposed
C) Send a monthly cheque to anyone who lost income because of COVID
D) Pay a private company to distribute personal protective equipment to first responders

A

D) Pay a private company to distribute personal protective equipment to first responders

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38
Q

Which of the following forms of the welfare state is most likely to institute a Universal Basic Income, which ensures that all citizens have enough money to carry out a basic existence?
A) Social democratic
B) New Democratic
C) Liberal
D) Neoliberal

A

A) Social democratic

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39
Q

Which of the following groups was most opposed to Obamacare’s individual and employer mandates?
A) The health insurance industry
B) Neoliberal politicians
C) The medical establishment
D) Pharmaceutical companies

A

B) Neoliberal politicians

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40
Q

According to Bryant, which of the following are you most likely to see reflected in the Canadian media’s coverage of health and health policy?
A) Discussion of the social determinants of health
B) A focus on wait times for health care services
C) Perspectives of minor political parties
D) Arguments against private healthcare

A

B) A focus on wait times for health care services

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41
Q

What word best describes the goal of social democratic welfare states?
A) Liberty
B) Authenticity
C) Solidarity
D) Equality

A

D) Equality

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42
Q

Which of these statements is true?
A) Liberal welfare state policies focus on the basic needs of the most marginalized citizens
B) Social democratic welfare state policies aim to minimize government intervention
C) Social democratic welfare state policies rely on market-based solutions to meeting citizen needs
D) Liberal welfare states policies aim to bring about social equality

A

A) Liberal welfare state policies focus on the basic needs of the most marginalized citizens

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43
Q

What is Bryant’s point when she discusses the HPV vaccine policy in Canada in chapter 5?
A) The power of pharmaceutical companies to affect policy
B) The importance of preventing HPV infection
C) The importance of routine screening for HPV
D) The power of citizen activists to affect policy

A

A) The power of pharmaceutical companies to affect policy

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44
Q

Which of the following is part of Civil Society?
A) Canadian Chamber of Commerce
B) Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
C) Ontario’s Ministry of Health
D) Rogers Communications Inc.

A

B) Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

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45
Q

Which of the following is most in favour of privatizing aspects of Canada’s health care system?
A) Canadian Nurses Association
B) Canadian Health Coalition
C) Canadian Medical Association
D) Canadian Shield

A

C) Canadian Medical Association

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46
Q

Which of the following best describes the first Hall Commission report (1965) and the second Hall Commission report (1979)?
A) The first called for a publicly-funded hospital insurance system, and the second called for a publicly-funded comprehensive health care system
B) The first affirmed the 5 founding principles of Medicare, while the second added 2 conditions
C) The first focused on Saskatchewan, and the second focused on the entire country
D) The first called for a publicly-funded comprehensive health care system, and the second recommended abolishment of extra billing and hospital user fees

A

D) The first called for a publicly-funded comprehensive health care system, and the second recommended abolishment of extra billing and hospital user fees

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47
Q

Which of the following statements about Canada’s health care system is true?
A) Over the past decades, the federal government has increased its share of the costs it pays for
B) It is made up of 13 separate provincial/territorial systems
C) Health professionals are government employees
D) The federal government pays 50% of all costs incurred by provinces/territories

A

B) It is made up of 13 separate provincial/territorial systems

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48
Q

Which of the following terms is best defined as: “The division of legislative authority between a central or national government and regional governments”?
A) Accountability
B) Block funding
C) Federalism
D) Cost sharing

A

C) Federalism

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49
Q

Which of these statements about the Saskatoon Agreement is true?
A) It was negotiated and signed in the city of Regina
B) It allowed doctors to charge patients fees on top of what the doctors received from the province
C) It led to a doctors strike
D) It established universal hospital care coverage in Saskatchewan

A

B) It allowed doctors to charge patients fees on top of what the doctors received from the province

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50
Q

Which of the following examples best demonstrates how the federal government provides funds to provinces and territories for health care in Canada?
A) Utica works and her parents don’t send her any money
B) Symone’s parents send her $1,000 per month as long as she follows their rules when she spends it
C) Bimini’s parents send them $1,000 per month with no strings attached
D) Every month Tayce sends her parents a list of items she has bought and her parents reimburse her

A

B) Symone’s parents send her $1,000 per month as long as she follows their rules when she spends it

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51
Q

Which of the following is not an example of a primary health care service in the Canadian system?
A) Coordinating the care a patient with diabetes receives from multiple health professionals
B) Treating a patient for strep throat
C) Prescribing antibiotics to a patient with a bacterial infection
D) Performing neurosurgery to remove a cancerous brain tumour

A

D) Performing neurosurgery to remove a cancerous brain tumour

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52
Q

Which of the following does not describe a key role of physicians in the health care system in Canada?
A) Private business owners operating their health care practices
B) A first point of contact with the health care system
C) Managers responsible for hospital operations
D) Gatekeepers of patients’ access to specialized health care

A

C) Managers responsible for hospital operations

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53
Q

What is the current name of the health care funding the federal government provides to provinces and territories?
A) Canada Health Transfer
B) Canada Health and Social Transfer
C) Canada Health Act
D) Medicare

A

A) Canada Health Transfer

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54
Q

Which of the following statements is false today?
A) The federal government provides provinces with a set amount of money annually to pay for their health insurance programs
B) The federal government pays for in-patient services but not for out-patient services
C) The federal government pays 50% of the costs of provincial health insurance programs
D) The federal government provides the provinces health insurance funding separately from the money it provides for other social programs

A

C) The federal government pays 50% of the costs of provincial health insurance programs

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55
Q

Which of the following is not a description of one of the 5 principles of Medicare?
A) Provinces have to pay for care residents receive outside of the province
B) Provinces have to provide public health services to prevent diseases and injuries
C) Provinces have to ensure financial and other barriers don’t keep people from accessing health services
D) Provinces have to administer their programs themselves or through a body responsible to the provincial government

A

B) Provinces have to provide public health services to prevent diseases and injuries

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56
Q

Which of the following is not a violation of the Canada Health Act (1984)?
A) A physician charging patients $10 per appointment on top of what the physician is paid through the provincial system
B) A province refusing to reimburse physicians for services deemed “medically unnecessary”
C) A province neglecting to credit the federal government for health care programs the federal government has provided funding for
D) A hospital in Ontario refusing to treat a patient from Quebec

A

B) A province refusing to reimburse physicians for services deemed “medically unnecessary”

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57
Q

Which of the following best reflects the medicare principle “public administration”?
A) Provincial health care systems must publicly report all medical interventions it has conducted annually
B) Accountability for decisions and outcomes of provincial health care systems must rest with provincial governments
C) Provincial governments must regularly consult with members of the public on ways to improve the province’s health care system
D) Provincial health care systems must be run by provincial governments

A

B) Accountability for decisions and outcomes of provincial health care systems must rest with provincial governments

58
Q

Which of the following statements is most true?
A) Canada spends more than Sweden in health care costs but achieves poorer health outcomes
B) Spending more money on healthcare as a percentage of GDP leads to better health outcomes
C) The U.S.’s private, market-based health care system is more cost-efficient than a publicly based system
D) Canada spends more than Sweden in health care costs and achieves better health outcomes

A

A) Canada spends more than Sweden in health care costs but achieves poorer health outcomes

59
Q

Which of the following statements is most true?
A) Sweden’s income inequality is lower than the U.S. but higher than Canada
B) The percentage of Canada’s population over 65 years is greater than that of the U.S.
C) Canada has a higher number of physicians per capita than the U.K.
D) Life expectancy in the U.S. is greater than that of Canada but less than that of Sweden

A

B) The percentage of Canada’s population over 65 years is greater than that of the U.S.

60
Q

In which of the following countries does the government spend the most in public funds for health care per person?
A) Canada
B) Sweden
C) United States
D) United Kingdom

A

C) United States

61
Q

Which of the following reforms to Medicare would someone with a polis/collectivist ideology be most likely to support?
A) Medical savings accounts
B) Coverage of prescription drugs
C) Public-private partnerships
D) Health care guarantees

A

B) Coverage of prescription drugs

62
Q

Annalise feels that Canadians should be responsible for their own health and finds it frustrating that she has to pay taxes that go towards sustaining universal healthcare when she rarely uses these services. Which report does Annalise most likely support?
A) Hall
B) Kirby
C) Mazankowski
D) Romanow

A

C) Mazankowski

63
Q

Ideologically speaking, which two reports are the most different?
A) Mazankowski and Romanow
B) Kirby and Romanow
C) Mazankowski and Kirby

A

A) Mazankowski and Romanow

64
Q

Which of the following is not a form of user fee?
A) Co-pays
B) Capitation
C) Deductibles

A

B) Capitation

65
Q

As discussed in the lecture, which reform suggestion is unique to the Kirby report?
A) Regionalization
B) Health care guarantees
C) Medical savings accounts
D) Primary health care reform

A

D) Primary health care reform

66
Q

Which of the following reforms to Medicare would someone with a market-based ideology be most likely to support?
A) Adding mental health coverage
B) Increasing federal funding
C) Increasing provincial funding
D) Implementing user fees

A

D) Implementing user fees

67
Q

As discussed in the lecture, which of the following assertions about user fees is not made in any of the reform reports?
A) They will encourage people to adopt healthy behaviours
B) They will decrease wait times for care
C) They will encourage provinces to offer more health promotion and preventative care
D) They will increase inequities in health outcomes

A

C) They will encourage provinces to offer more health promotion and preventative care

68
Q

Which of the following statements is false?
A) The Kirby report reflects neoliberal ideology to a greater extent than the Mazankowski report does
B) All three health care reform reports call for the system to be made more sustainable
C) The Mazankowski report states that user fees will encourage people to engage in healthier behaviours
D) The Romanow report calls for health care to be treated as a right, not a commodity

A

A) The Kirby report reflects neoliberal ideology to a greater extent than the Mazankowski report does

69
Q

Which of the following assertions about public-private partnerships (P3s) in health care is Romanow least likely to agree with?
A) The Medicare principle of public administration is violated
B) Once a good or service is privatized it is difficult to revert back to public delivery
C) Health care practitioners will decrease their overuse of non-critical tests and treatments
D) Decisions are made based on corporate profits, and not on the public’s interests

A

C) Health care practitioners will decrease their overuse of non-critical tests and treatments

70
Q

Which of the following assertions about public-private partnerships (P3s) in health care is Mazankowski least likely to agree with?
A) They violate the Medicare principle of public administration
B) They deliver a better product at a cheaper price
C) They remove some of the financial risks from government
D) They save the government money

A

A) They violate the Medicare principle of public administration

71
Q

Which of the following was not the result of a public-private partnership (P3)?
A) Brampton Civic Hospital
B) The Ambassador Bridge in Windsor/Detroit
C) Highway 407 north of Toronto

A

B) The Ambassador Bridge in Windsor/Detroit

72
Q

Which of the following best describes the logic of medical savings accounts?
A) Provincial health systems will have an incentive to reduce wait times
B) The federal government will have an incentive to increase funding to provincial health systems
C) Health care providers will have an incentive to provide better care
D) Consumers will have an incentive to limit their consumption of health care services

A

D) Consumers will have an incentive to limit their consumption of health care services

73
Q

Which of the following statements about medical savings accounts is false?
A) Governments and employers pay into them
B) They cover 100% of the costs of care
C) Each citizen has their own account
D) They may require a co-pay or deductible

A

B) They cover 100% of the costs of care

74
Q

Which of the following best describes what is guaranteed in a health care guarantee?
A) A maximum wait time
B) A specific treatment
C) A maximum user fee
D) A positive health outcome

A

A) A maximum wait time

75
Q

Which of the following best describes capitation?
A) A way to pay physicians
B) A way to pay for hospital construction
C) A way to encourage healthy behaviours
D) A way to collect user fees

A

A) A way to pay physicians

76
Q

Which of the following was not a goal of the Indian Act of 1876?
A) Controlling and limiting Indigenous identity
B) Ensuring Indigenous communities had the financial ability to participate in Canada’s economy
C) Moving Indigenous people onto “reserve lands”
D) Limiting participation by Indigenous people in Canada’s political life

A

B) Ensuring Indigenous communities had the financial ability to participate in Canada’s economy

77
Q

Which of the following statements is not true?
A) Under Bill C-31, Indigenous status was conferred upon non-Indigenous men who married Indigenous women
B) Under Bill C-31, Indigenous men who married non-Indigenous women lost their Indigenous status
C) Under the Indian Act, Indigenous women who married non-Indigenous men lost their Indigenous status
D) Under the Indian Act, Indigenous status was conferred upon non-Indigenous women who married Indigenous men

A

A) Under Bill C-31, Indigenous status was conferred upon non-Indigenous men who married Indigenous women

78
Q

Which province established an Indigenous community-directed agency, and transferred control of Indigenous health programming, service delivery, and policymaking to it in 2013?
A) Quebec
B) British Columbia
C) Ontario
D) Saskatchewan

A

B) British Columbia

79
Q

Which of the following best describes the requirements of Jordan’s Principle?
A) For all health care professionals to receive training in providing culturally safe care to Indigenous people
B) For hospital emergency departments to treat Indigenous people in need in a timely manner
C) For a child of two “non-status Indians” to be eligible for status if they marry an Indigenous person
D) For Indigenous children to receive care and services even if governments are fighting over who should pay for them

A

D) For Indigenous children to receive care and services even if governments are fighting over who should pay for them

80
Q

Which of the following statements is true?
A) Residential schools aimed to teach Indigenous children about Indigenous culture
B) Residential schools and the sixties scoop both sought to assimilate Indigenous children into non-Indigenous society
C) The sixties scoop involved sending Indigenous children to live with community elders
D) Indigenous children are underrepresented in provincial child welfare systems

A

B) Residential schools and the sixties scoop both sought to assimilate Indigenous children into non-Indigenous society

81
Q

Which of the following is least likely to have resulted from Indigenous children’s experiences in residential schools?
A) A lack of preparation to be parents themselves
B) Trauma passed from one generation to the next
C) A loss of Indigenous identity
D) Assimilation into Canada’s mainstream society

A

D) Assimilation into Canada’s mainstream society

82
Q

Which of the following is least likely to be a barrier to an Indigenous person seeking health care?
A) Having limited knowledge of the health care system and how to seek help
B) Expecting the available health services to not be relevant for Indigenous people
C) Expecting health care providers to be racist
D) Having limited money available to travel long distances to see health care providers

A

A) Having limited knowledge of the health care system and how to seek help

83
Q

A health care provider is at a training and is asked to examine their own background and privileges and how they might influence the care they provide to Indigenous people. What type of training is the health care provider most likely attending?
A) Cultural competence
B) Cultural awareness
C) Cultural sensitivity
D) Cultural safety

A

D) Cultural safety

84
Q

Which of the following groups tends to have the poorest health outcomes?
A) Non-Indigenous women
B) Indigenous men
C) Indigenous women
D) Non-Indigenous men

A

C) Indigenous women

85
Q

Which of the following statements about research about experiences of racism and health among Indigenous people in Canada is false?
A) Investigating racism and its effects is methodologically difficult
B) The available research shows that few Indigenous people have experienced racism
C) Few studies have investigated whether experiences of racism lead to health and other outcomes
D) Researchers have not developed standardized ways to measure racism

A

B) The available research shows that few Indigenous people have experienced racism

86
Q

You are giving a presentation about the Haudenosaunee people. Which of the following terms should you use to discuss them?
A) Indigenous
B) First Nations
C) Haudenosaunee
D) Aboriginal

A

C) Haudenosaunee

87
Q

Which of the following best describes the Non-Insured Health Benefits program?
A) Supplementary health coverage for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit people
B) Supplementary health coverage for Indigenous people that can be difficult to access
C) Health coverage for Indigenous people that replaces their provincial or territorial health program
D) Health coverage for Indigenous people moving to another province and territory

A

B) Supplementary health coverage for Indigenous people that can be difficult to access

88
Q

Which of the following best describes the relocation program shown in the film Indian Relocation: Elliott Lake (the film from 1967 we watched in class)?
A) Patronizing and successful
B) Welcoming and unsuccessful
C) Welcoming and successful
D) Patronizing and unsuccessful

A

D) Patronizing and unsuccessful

89
Q

Which of these policies or institutions is Cindy Blackstock most closely associated with?
A) The Non-Insured Health Benefit
B) Jordan’s Principle
C) The National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
D) The BC First Nations Health Authority

A

B) Jordan’s Principle

90
Q

Which of the following best describes a “status Indian”?
A) An Indigenous person living on reserve
B) An Indigenous person recognized as Indigenous by the government
C) An Indigenous person who is the Canadian government’s representative on reserve
D) An non-Indigenous man who marries an Indigenous woman

A

B) An Indigenous person recognized as Indigenous by the government

91
Q

Which of the following changes would make the U.S. Medicare program most similar to Canada’s Medicare system?
A) Changing who is employed to run it
B) Changing who pays for health care services
C) Changing who is eligible to be covered
D) Changing who provides health care services

A

C) Changing who is eligible to be covered

92
Q

Which of the following statements about health care in the United States is true?
A) Hospitals can refuse to provide emergency treatment to a person who doesn’t have health insurance
B) Policymakers have rarely made efforts to establish universal coverage
C) It is made up of several public and private systems
D) The elderly are most likely to lack coverage

A

C) It is made up of several public and private systems

93
Q

In which of the following countries would you expect the most hassle accessing basic health care after you lost your job?
A) United Kingdom
B) Canada
C) United States
D) Germany

A

C) United States

94
Q

Which of the following best describes Germany’s health care system?
A) A national health service system that is run by the government
B) A social insurance funding system where individuals and employers contribute to a designated health insurance fund
C) A single-payer system with universal eligibility where the government is the insurer
D) A single-payer system for eligible low-income people where the government is the insurer

A

B) A social insurance funding system where individuals and employers contribute to a designated health insurance fund

95
Q

Which of the following is the definition of a deductible?
A) Monthly payment to an insurance company for insurance coverage
B) Payments made by the government to hospitals with large populations of Medicare and Medicaid patients
C) Annual amount of money an insured person has to spend out of pocket before their insurance coverage begins
D) Fixed or percentage-based amount of money an insured person has to pay per appointment or procedure

A

C) Annual amount of money an insured person has to spend out of pocket before their insurance coverage begins

96
Q

How are German physicians paid for outpatient (i.e. not in a hospital) services?
A) As an annual salary by a sickness fund
B) On a fee-for-service basis by the federal government
C) On a fee-for-service basis by sickness funds
D) As an annual salary by the federal government

A

C) On a fee-for-service basis by sickness funds

97
Q

Which of the following pairs of countries both have multi-payer health care systems?
A) Germany and the United States
B) Germany and the United Kingdom
C) Canada and Germany
D) Canada and the United States

A

A) Germany and the United States

98
Q

Which of the following best describes the Medicaid program in the U.S.?
A) A national health service system that is run by the government
B) A single-payer system with universal eligibility where the government is the insurer
C) A social insurance funding system where individuals and employers contribute to a designated health insurance fund
D) A single-payer system for eligible low-income people where the government is the insurer

A

D) A single-payer system for eligible low-income people where the government is the insurer

99
Q

Which of the following is most likely to be the reason a Walmart employee in the United States does not have health insurance coverage?
A) They can’t afford it
B) Walmart doesn’t offer it
C) Their state outlaws it
D) They don’t want it

A

A) They can’t afford it

100
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the U.K.’s health care system?
A) A single-payer system with universal eligibility where the government is the insurer
B) A national health service system that is run by the government
C) A social insurance funding system where individuals and employers contribute to a designated health insurance fund
D) A single-payer system for eligible low-income people where the government is the insurer

A

B) A national health service system that is run by the government

101
Q

When it comes to paying providers for health services, which of the following country’s health care system is most similar to the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) in the U.S.?
A) Canada
B) Germany
C) United Kingdom

A

B) Germany

102
Q

Which of the following U.S. programs does not require people to be a certain age to be eligible for it?
A) Medicare parts A & B
B) Medicare part C
C) Medicare part D
D) Medicaid

A

D) Medicaid

103
Q

Which of the following is the definition of a co-pay?
A) Annual amount of money an insured person has to spend out of pocket before their insurance coverage begins
B) Payments made by the government to hospitals with large populations of Medicare and Medicaid patients
C) Monthly payment to an insurance company for insurance coverage
D) Fixed or percentage-based amount of money an insured person has to pay per appointment or procedure

A

D) Fixed or percentage-based amount of money an insured person has to pay per appointment or procedure

104
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)?
A) A requirement that businesses with large numbers of employees provide them with health insurance
B) A requirement that insurance companies cover pre-existing conditions
C) A requirement that states expand their Medicaid programs
D) Establishment of a website where people can learn about and sign up for health insurance

A

C) A requirement that states expand their Medicaid programs

105
Q

Which of the following is the definition of a premium?
A) Payments made by the government to hospitals with large populations of Medicare and Medicaid patients
B) Monthly payment to an insurance company for insurance coverage
C) Annual amount of money an insured person has to spend out of pocket before their insurance coverage begins
D) Fixed or percentage-based amount of money an insured person has to pay per appointment or procedure

A

B) Monthly payment to an insurance company for insurance coverage

106
Q

Which of the following of Esping-Andersen’s welfare state typologies is most characterized by a strong, active labour movement?
A) Social democratic
B) Liberal
C) Conservative

A

A) Social democratic

107
Q

According to Bryant, which of the following countries is most likely to reduce health and social spending in response to global economic pressures?
A) Canada
B) Belgium
C) Sweden
D) Greece

A

A) Canada

108
Q

In which of the following Esping-Andersen welfare state types is benefits most restricted?
A) Liberal
B) Conservative
C) Social democratic

A

A) Liberal

109
Q

As discussed in the lecture, which of the following statements best describes health care and pension spending in Canada, the U.S., Germany, France, Denmark, and Sweden, according to their welfare state typology?
A) Both spending on health care and spending on pensions follow the pattern you would expect.
B) Spending on health care follows the pattern you would expect, while spending on pensions does not follow the pattern you would expect.
C) Spending on pensions follows the pattern you would expect, while spending on health care does not follow the pattern you would expect.
D) Neither spending on health care nor spending on pensions follows the pattern you would expect.

A

D) Neither spending on health care nor spending on pensions follows the pattern you would expect.

110
Q

Which of the following countries best typifies the residual welfare state in the dichotomous welfare state typology?
A) Australia
B) Germany
C) Finland
D) Spain

A

A) Australia

111
Q

Which of the following is most likely to occur during an economic recession?
A) Decreased demand for social services
B) Increased unemployment
C) Increased economic growth
D) Increased prosperity

A

B) Increased unemployment

112
Q

Based on Esping-Andersen’s welfare state typologies, in which of the following countries would you expect to find the smallest socio-economic disparities?
A) Switzerland
B) The Netherlands
C) Norway
D) Ireland

A

C) Norway

113
Q

Which of the following of Esping-Andersen’s welfare state typologies places the greatest emphasis on the role of families?
A) Conservative
B) Liberal
C) Social democratic

A

A) Conservative

114
Q

Which of the following of Esping-Andersen’s welfare state typologies most corresponds to neoliberal political ideology?
A) Social democratic welfare states
B) Conservative welfare states
C) Liberal welfare states

A

C) Liberal welfare states

115
Q

Which of the following statements is most true?
A) Conservative welfare states don’t reduce inequalities but they do alleviate the suffering for those on the bottom
B) Liberal welfare states have a deep commitment to reducing social inequalities
C) Social democratic welfare states maintain and reinforce existing patterns of inequality

A

A) Conservative welfare states don’t reduce inequalities but they do alleviate the suffering for those on the bottom

116
Q

In which of the following Esping-Andersen welfare state types is universal rights most prominent?
A) Social democratic
B) Conservative
C) Liberal

A

A) Social democratic

117
Q

According to the dichotomous welfare state typology, which type best reflects a market orientation?
A) Liberal
B) Institutional
C) Conservative
D) Residual

A

D) Residual

118
Q

According to Teeple, which of the following lists best describes the components of the advanced welfare state?
A) Employment insurance, public pensions, and social assistance, but not education, employment training, or health care
B) Employment insurance, public pensions, social assistance, and health care, but not education or employment training
C) Education, employment insurance, employment training, public pensions, social assistance, and health care
D) Employment insurance, employment training, public pensions, and social assistance, but not education or health care

A

C) Education, employment insurance, employment training, public pensions, social assistance, and health care

119
Q

Which of the following world events most influenced Western democracies to become advanced welfare states?
A) The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The Great Depression
D) The First World War

A

C) The Great Depression

120
Q

Which of the following is least likely to be a reason Western democracies became advanced welfare states?
A) To provide for an influx of immigrants and refugees after World War II
B) To preserve the capitalist, free market economic system
C) To make up for negative outcomes of the business cycle under capitalism
D) To transfer resources from high-income people to low-income people

A

A) To provide for an influx of immigrants and refugees after World War II

121
Q

Under which of the following of Esping-Andersen’s welfare state typologies are social goods and services least commodified?
A) Conservative welfare states
B) Social democratic welfare states
C) Liberal welfare states

A

B) Social democratic welfare states

122
Q

According to the statistics presented in the lecture, in which of the following areas does the amount of money countries spend best illustrate their Esping-Andersen’s welfare state typologies?
A) Pensions
B) Support for people with disabilities
C) Post-secondary education
D) Health

A

B) Support for people with disabilities

123
Q

Which of the following countries best typifies the institutional welfare state in the dichotomous welfare state typology?
A) Canada
B) Italy
C) Denmark
D) France

A

C) Denmark

124
Q

Which of the following is an example of a means-tested program?
A) Canada’s medicare system
B) Ontario’s social assistance program for people with low incomes
C) Quebec’s program of flat-fee, subsidized childcare available to all families
D) Ontario’s elementary educational system

A

B) Ontario’s social assistance program for people with low incomes

125
Q

According to the dichotomous welfare state typology, which type best reflects a polis orientation?
A) Liberal
B) Social Democratic
C) Institutional
D) Residual

A

C) Institutional

126
Q

Absent any new agreements between the federal government and Ontario, which of the following is most likely to be the increase in core federal funding for Ontario’s health system from 2021 to 2022?
A) 5.20%
B) 3.50%
C) 6%
D) 0%

A

B) 3.50%

127
Q

With respect to current federal health care base funding, which of the following statements is most correct?
A) The current Liberal government under Trudeau has greatly decreased funding compared to the previous Conservative government under Harper
B) The current Liberal government under Trudeau has greatly increased funding compared to the previous Conservative government under Harper
C) The current Liberal government under Trudeau has largely provided the same level of funding as the previous Conservative government under Harper

A

C) The current Liberal government under Trudeau has largely provided the same level of funding as the previous Conservative government under Harper

128
Q

Which of the following is not a criticism of the Social Union Framework Agreement (1999) discussed in Bryant?
A) It lacked an enforcement mechanism
B) It failed to change the politics of social policy
C) Quebec was not a signatory
D) It committed the federal government to provide unsustainably high levels of funding

A

D) It committed the federal government to provide unsustainably high levels of funding

129
Q

In which of the following years did provincial governments fund the greatest proportion of the costs of their health care systems?
A) 1998
B) 1975
C) 1968
D) 2011

A

A) 1998

130
Q

Between 1968 and 2011, which of the following caused the greatest one-time decrease in the proportion of health care spending paid for by the federal government?
A) Established Programs Financing (1977)
B) Canada Health Act (1984)
C) Health Accord (2004)
D) Canada Health and Social Transfer (1995)

A

A) Established Programs Financing (1977)

131
Q

According to Bryant, which of the following is least likely to result from the current level of federal health care funding?
A) Pressure on provinces and territories to charge user fees
B) Pressure on provinces and territories to privatize health care services
C) Decreased federal influence in maintaining standards in health care across Canada
D) Decreased authority for provinces and territories to make decisions about their health care systems

A

D) Decreased authority for provinces and territories to make decisions about their health care systems

132
Q

With which of the following is the Social Union Framework Agreement (1999) most closely related?
A) The Canada Health Act (1984)
B) The Health Accords (2000, 2003, and 2004)
C) The Canada Health and Social Transfer (1995)
D) The Established Programs Financing Act (1977)

A

B) The Health Accords (2000, 2003, and 2004)

133
Q

Which of the following was not used to calculate annual increases to 1977’s Established Programs Financing scheme?
A) Growth in health care costs
B) Population growth
C) Economic growth

A

A) Growth in health care costs

134
Q

What is the best estimate for the current shortfall in federal funding for health care?
A) $31.0 billion
B) $6.0 billion
C) $21.2 billion
D) $11.5 billion

A

A) $31.0 billion

135
Q

Which of the following caused the greatest decrease in the federal government’s funding of health care?
A) Medical Care Act (1966)
B) Established Programs Financing (1977)
C) Saskatoon Agreement (1962)
D) Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957)

A

B) Established Programs Financing (1977)

136
Q

Which of the following least describes health care funding in Canada at any point since 1957?
A) The federal government decreased federal taxes, and provincial governments increased provincial taxes by the same amount
B) The provincial government decreased provincial taxes, and the federal government increased federal taxes by the same amount
C) The federal government provided the provincial governments with a set amount of funding for health care
D) The federal and provincial governments split the costs of health care

A

B) The provincial government decreased provincial taxes, and the federal government increased federal taxes by the same amount

137
Q

Which of the following statements is false?
A) The current federal Liberal government has failed to negotiate a new Health Accord with the provinces and territories
B) The federal government and the provinces and territories have agreed to a framework for adding prescription drug coverage to the provincial and territorial health care systems
C) The provinces and territories have called for the proportion of health care costs paid for by the federal government to increase to 35%
D) The current rate of increase in federal funding of health care is not enough for provinces and territories to maintain existing services

A

B) The federal government and the provinces and territories have agreed to a framework for adding prescription drug coverage to the provincial and territorial health care systems

138
Q

Which of the following eras of health care funding as defined by Bryant least reflects the influence of neoliberal ideology?
A) 1997-2016: Repairing the Social Union
B) 1980-1984: Maintaining Government Roles
C) 1984-1988: Restraining Social Program Costs
D) 1988-1997: Restructuring the Role of Government

A

A) 1997-2016: Repairing the Social Union

139
Q

Which of the following least describes the outcomes of the Health Accords of 2000, 2003, and 2004
A) Increases in federal funding for specific health care priorities
B) Increases in general federal funding for provincial health care systems
C) Decreases in general federal funding for provincial health care systems

A

C) Decreases in general federal funding for provincial health care systems

140
Q
A

HLTH 305 (1 decks)

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