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Advanced Imaging > Final Exam Material > Flashcards

Final Exam Material Flashcards

1
Q

Inventor of CT Scan 1972

A

Godfried Hounsfield

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2
Q

Conventional CT (default)

A

Tube rotates 360 degrees then table moves

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3
Q

Helical CT

A

Moves in a continuous figure 8 while patient slides through

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4
Q

aka’s for helical CT

A

Spherical or multidetector

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5
Q

Hounsfield Units (HU)

A

Calcium +1000
Water 0
Air -1000

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6
Q

Maximizing bone vs soft tissue vs lung parenchyma/ Windowing

A

2000 HU of density captured per image: human eye see only 400 HU at a time

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7
Q

Best modality for fine bone detail

A

CT Scan

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8
Q

Best modality to see calcium

A

CT Scan

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9
Q

Modality to find OPLL

A

CT Scan

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10
Q

Modality to find subtle fractures

A

CT Scan

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11
Q

Thin section CT

A

aka high resolution CT

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12
Q

Thin section/ high resolution CT

A

Gold standard for chest imaging

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13
Q

Bone Window

A

Allows you to ddx cortex from medulla

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14
Q

Soft Tissue Window

A

Cortex and Medulla blend together. Muscular structures can by seen

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15
Q

Helical CT advantages

A

Image large areas in detail in short period of time. Higher dose and higher cost. Good for screening trauma in unconscious patients

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16
Q

CT advantages

A

Great for bone detail, fracture and tumor assessment, calcium lesions, GI/GU conditions, acute brain bleeds

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17
Q

3D CT

A

Used for reconstructive surgery and visceral conditions

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18
Q

Jefferson Fx

A

Often not visible on plain film, occurs via axial load to vertex of head, rust sign. CT is definitive

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19
Q

Dens Fx

A

Minimal displacement on plain film. Dens NOT well visualized on MR. CT is definitive

20
Q

Hangman’s Fx

A

Very hard to see on plain film, via forced hyperextension injury, CT definitive

21
Q

UID/BID

A

Very hard to see on plain film (bow tie sign/inverted bun sign), via hitting head and shoulder simultaneously or head turned during flex/ext injury, CT definitive

22
Q

OPLL

A

Confirmed with CT but MR better to see degree of neural compromise. Manual adjusting contraindicated

23
Q

Tumors

A

CT to view margins of lesion and tumors that have calcium

24
Q

Lung Lesions

A

CT is gold standard for almost all lung lesions

25
Q

CT and GI/GU

A

CT excellent resolution. Ultrasound may be a better alternative

26
Q

Acute brain bleed

A

CT great to assess stroke, epidural or subdural bleeds

27
Q

Metastatic disease (nuclear medicine)

A

Can image entire body with one exam (same exposure as C/T/L/P x-ray series); sensitive to early change

28
Q

Fatigue fracture (nuclear medicine)

A

Sensitive but doesn’t explain problem if scan is negative; MR is better choice

29
Q

Paget’s (nuclear medicine)

A

Great to identify which bones are involved

30
Q

ddx bone island vs early mets (nuclear medicine)

A

For a px over 40 with pain and no series of previous films available. If scan is cold it’s a bone island

31
Q

Bone scan/scintigraphy (nuclear medicine)

A

Fracture will stay hot for 12-18 months. Tc-99 most common.

32
Q

Nuclear medicine

A

Aka bone scan/scintigraphy.
Sensitive but not specific.
Hot benign processes: Paget’s and FD.
Cold for MM

33
Q

Nuclear medicine technique

A

A radionucleide is tagged to a metabolite and areas of increased uptake visualized.

34
Q

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

A

Slices through a bone scan. Good to ddx active from inactive pars defect

35
Q

Active pars defect (SPECT vs MRI)

A

Non union of stress fracture in pars due to repetitive hyperextension. Eventually fibrous bridge might form (not visible on X-ray)

36
Q

Active = fractured pars defect

A

Boston hard brace holds body in slight flexion so healing can occur

37
Q

Px with DISH getting numb. You suspect OPLL

A

Confirm OPLL with CT

38
Q

Px with OPLL and neurological signs

A

Get MRI to see degree of cord impingement

39
Q

CT abdomen imaging

A

Use oral contrast

40
Q

CT imaging with kidneys involved

A

Use IV contrast

41
Q

Reformatting

A

Volume averaging used to create slices in any plane

42
Q

HU; X-ray vs CT

A

X-ray HU = heat unit

CT HU = Houndsfeild

43
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

Tag radionucleotide with sugar to mimic sugar uptake. Can be used with CT or MRI. Good for tumor evaluation and screening for recurrence

44
Q

PET advantage

A

Assessing many tissues at once

45
Q

PET disadvantage

A

Expensive and technically challenging

Advanced Imaging (3 decks)

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