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Pharmaceutics II > Final Exam (Lecture #01) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Lecture #01) Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of ulcer

A

NSAID, H Pylori, smoking, too much booze, genetics, mental stress

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2
Q

Why should you not take NSAID right before going to bed?

A

b/c not much GI movement overnight, drug dissolves and stays in intestines for longer period of time and irritates the mucosa

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3
Q

3 examples of acid labile drugs

A

Erythromycin, omeprazole, pancrelipase

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4
Q

Mesalamine (Asacol EC)

A
  • anti-inflammatory drug enteric coated for colonic delivery for Tx of UC, Cronh’s
  • local effect, not systemic - you want low bioavailability so that it works inside the colon membrane
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5
Q

Cellulose acetate phthalate

A
  • type of enteric coating
  • pH sensitive, soluble polymer
  • acidic - that’s why they don’t dissolve in the stomach
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6
Q

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate

A
  • type of enteric coating
  • pH sensitive, soluble polymer
  • acidic - that’s why they don’t dissolve in the stomach
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7
Q

Ethyl cellulose

A
  • type of controlled release coating

- pH independent, insoluble polymer, permeable or semi-permeable

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8
Q

Polyvinyl acetate

A
  • type of controlled release coating

- pH independent, insoluble polymer, permeable or semi-permeable

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9
Q

HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose)

A
  • subcoat layer when dealing with an acid labile compound

- adherent that helps API solution stick to the sugar bead

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10
Q

Triethyl citrate

A
  • plasticizer

- provides strength

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11
Q

Talc

A

facilitates coating process

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12
Q

Extrusion and spheronization process

A
  • used to make oblong shaped mini tablets
  • these do NOT use sugar beads
  • can be used for large dose drugs (whereas sugar beads would be used for small dose drugs)
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13
Q

USP Apparatus 2

A

-dissolution machine

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14
Q

Accetable drug release from EC drug in dissolution machine in 2 hours?

A

5-10%

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15
Q

Main reason for variation in drug absorption times in population?

A

-different gastric emptying

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16
Q

n = 0.5
n= 1
0.5 < n < 1

A

n = 0.5 –> pure diffusion

n= 1 –> best balance of diffusion & erosion
-zero order; amt released per unit time is constant

0.5 < n < 1 –> combination of diff & erosion

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17
Q

Metformin HCl

A
  • tablet with no coating
  • if placed in a solution, tablet swells with gel layer then dissolves
  • infiltrated layer directly adjacent to tablet exterior gradually becomes a gel –> more and more tablet is being converted to a gel over time
18
Q

2 drugs that do NOT follow linear kinetics?

A

phenytoin and alcohol. Drugs that don’t follow linear kinetics CANNOT be designed as CR

19
Q

Cause of alcohol on a CR tablet

A

ethanol causes faster release of API from a CR tab –> dose dumping
AND/OR
could influence metabolism of drug (liver enzymes occupied by ethanol)

20
Q

Embeda

A

Morphine sulfate and naltrexone

  • tamper resistant formula
  • natrexone completely coated by impermeable ethyl cellulose so you can’t separate and extract the morphine, if you grind up the pill you’d mix the naltrexone into the morphine which would inhibit the effects of morphine
21
Q

Toprol-XL

A

pellets in tablet

22
Q

Allegra

A

layered

23
Q

Diltiazem HCl

A
  • triple layer tablet
  • barriers layers prevent water from dissolving on the top and bottom of the tablet, so drug is only released from the sides
24
Q

Procardia XL

A

osmotic pump

25
Q

Glucotrol-XL

A

osmotic pump

26
Q

Starch paste, gums, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)

A

binders

27
Q

Starch, Primogel, Ac-Di-Sol

A

Disintegrants (helps tablet dissolve)

28
Q

Magnesium stearate, stearic acid

A

lubricant (facilitates ejection of tab from machine)

29
Q

Silica, talc

A

glidant

30
Q

Sodium dodecyl sulphate, tweens

A

surfactants

31
Q

Arthrotec

A
  • compression tablet Misoprostol + diclofenac sodium (NSAID)
  • Tx of osteoarthritis or RA in pts with hight risk of NSAID induced ulcer
  • method of delivering an NSAID with a coating (misoprostol) that will inhibit acid secretion and not induce an ulcer
32
Q

Solution to excessive elastic recovery resulting in lamination or capping?

A

add binders to increase plasticity

33
Q

Neoral

A
  • Cyclosporin
  • self emulsifying micro emulsion
  • uniform absorption, less variability
34
Q

Sandimmune

A
  • Cyclosporin
  • coarse emulsion
  • lipid based formulation
  • lots of variability
35
Q

Zelapar

A
  • lyophylized tablet
  • API = selegiline HCl
  • dissolves in mouth 5-10 sec
36
Q

Tempra

A
  • typical OraSolv tablet
  • API = acetaminophen
  • disintegration 30 seconds
  • effervescent agents included in formulation
37
Q

Nulev

A
  • DuraSolv tablet
  • API = hyoscyamine sulfate
  • Tx of peptic ulcer, controls gastric secretion
  • disintegration in 15 sec
38
Q

Zomig (Astrazeneca)

A
  • DuraSolv tablet
  • API = Zolmitriptan
  • Tx of migraines
  • disintegration in 25 sec
39
Q

Oravig

A
  • Buccal tablet
  • API = miconazole
  • local Tx of oropharyngeal cadidiasis (OPC)
  • undergoes 1st pass metabolism
40
Q

Onsolis

A
  • Buccal tablet
  • API = fentanyl citrate
  • potent opioid analgesic
  • undergoes 1st pass metabolism
41
Q

Buprenorphine HCl
Buprenorphine HCl/Naloxone
Nitroglycerin

A

sublingual tablets

42
Q

Carbamazepine
Cefaclor
Cefixime

A

Chewable tablets

Pharmaceutics II (2 decks)

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