Final Exam, Key Terms Flashcards
Bakke v. University
the Court ruled unconstitutional a university’s use of racial “quotas” in its admissions process
Michael Harrington, The Other America
the America of poverty
Malcolm X
He was a political activist and is most well known for his work as a leader during the civil rights movement in America.
Bay of Pigs
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in April 1961 by the United States of America
TV Images (1950s)
Ho Chi Minh
Ho Chi Minh led a long and ultimately successful campaign to make Vietnam independent. He was president of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1969 of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark law that prohibits discrimination based on: race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
Kinsey reports of 1948 and 1953
are two scholarly books on human sexual behavior, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953)
Iran Hostage Crisis
an international crisis that took place from 1979–1981, when Iranian students held 52 Americans hostage in the U.S. Embassy in Tehran
Election of 1948
Incumbent Democratic President Harry S. Truman defeated heavily favored Republican New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, and third-party candidates.
Great Society
was a series of domestic programs enacted by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the United States from 1964 to 1968. Including his fight on poverty
Pentagon Papers
defended the First Amendment right of free press against prior restraint by the government
Elvis Presley
modernizing traditional genres such as blues, country and bluegrass for contemporary (and more youthful) audiences
Pearl Harbor
a lagoon harbor in Hawaii that was the site of a surprise attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy on December 7, 1941
Freedom Riders
a group of civil rights activists who rode buses together through the American South in 1961 to protest segregation
Gulf of Tonkin
a body of water in the South China Sea, and was the site of a confrontation in 1964 that led to the United States increasing its involvement in the Vietnam War
Allied and Axis Powers
Allied powers were the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and France
Axis powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Marshall Plan
provided markets for American goods, created reliable trading partners, and supported the development of stable democratic governments in Western Europe
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Purposed in 1923, invalidates many state and federal laws that discriminate against women
Clean Air Act of 1970*
Authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources.
Sit-Ins
a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change
Chicanismo
pride in one’s heritage as a Mexican-American
Muhammad Mossadegh
Iran’s prime minister
American Indian Mov’t (AIM)
a grassroots activist organization that sought to improve the lives of Native Americans
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD (1948)+
Federal Judge Ben H. Rice ruled in their favor, ending legal segregation of Mexican Americans in Texas.
Cesar Chavez
was a civil rights, Latino, farm worker, and labor leader; a religious and spiritual figure; a community servant and social entrepreneur; a crusader for nonviolent social change; and an environmentalist and consumer advocate.
Reies Lopez Tijerina
(1926-2015) was a civil rights activist and leader of the Chicano (Mexican American) land rights movement
Feminine Mystique
the assumptions that women would be fulfilled from their housework, marriage, sexual lives, and children
Jacobo Arbenz
He was a major figure in the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution, which represented some of the few years of representative democracy in Guatemalan history.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Voting Rights Act was enacted on August 6, 1965, and it prohibited states from imposing qualifications or practices to deny the right to vote on account of race
Stonewall Riot
series of violent confrontations that began in the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police and gay rights activists outside the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City
Watergate Scandal
a major political scandal during the 1970s in which President Richard Nixon attempted to cover up his involvement with the break-in at the Watergate office complex
Jackie Robinson
being the first African American to play Major League Baseball in the 20th century
Cuban Missile Crisis
a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October 1962 that brought the world close to nuclear war
Ruben Salazar
first Latino reporter at the Post, he crossed into English-language journalism. He became the first Latino foreign correspondent, and the first Latino columnist,
Medicare
established as a health insurance program for the elderly, and was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 30, 1965
Truman Doctrine
was a foreign policy established by President Harry S. Truman in 1947 that pledged American support for democratic nations under threat from authoritarian forces
Joseph McCarthy
an Republican senator for the state of Wisconsin who made claims that Communist spies were in the U.S Federal Government.
Munich Conference
a meeting between the leaders of Germany, Italy, France, and Britain that took place in Munich, Germany on September 29–30, 1938
Zoot Suit Riots
were a series of violent attacks on Mexican American and Latino youth in Los Angeles, California that took place from June 3–8, 1943
Election 1960
Kennedy won 303 to 219 in the Electoral College, and he won the reported national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent.
US Reaction to Holocaust
established the “War Refugee Board” in 1944 to assist and rescue Jews and other groups persecuted by the Nazis. But criticized for insufficient action.
Economy (WWII)
the U.S. economy experienced a significant boom, largely due to massive government spending on war production, leading to full employment, increased industrial output, and a rise in consumer spending despite rationing
Taft-Hatley Act
law that restricted the power of labor unions
Free Speech Movement
The Free Speech Movement was a student-led protest movement that began in 1964 at the University of California, Berkeley.
Indian Self-Determination Act of 1974*
The Indian Self-Determination Act of 1974 was a landmark piece of legislation that gave Native Americans the right to govern themselves.
Selma March
The Selma March was a civil rights march that took place in Selma, Alabama, in 1965. It was organized by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
executed for conspiracy to commit espionage under the U.S. Espionage Act of 1917
Student Movement (1960s)
a period of social and political activism by students that addressed a range of issues, including the Vietnam War, civil rights, and women’s rights
Hernandez v, Texas (1954)+
The case established that Mexican Americans were entitled to equal protection under the 14th Amendment and that excluding them from jury duty was unconstitutional
The Great Society
became Johnson’s agenda for Congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency
