Final Exam info Flashcards
What are the 4 types of contractures
Myostatic
No muscle pathology present other than shortening
Can benefit from stretching
Pseudomyostatic
Hypertonicity
CNS lesions
Arthrogenic Intra articular pathology Effusion Articular cartilage pathology Osteophytes
Fibrotic
Changes in connective tissue causing adherens
Difficult to return to optimal length
What is stress Vs strain
Stress - force per area
Strain - % deformation
Describe the 6 parts of the stres strain curve
Toe region
No change in length
Elastic Region
Change in length
Not permanent
Elastic limit
Tissue does lot return to pre stretch length
Plastic region
Deformation as stress continues that remains after the stretch
Necking
Decrease in diameter with increases in
stretch
Failure
Tissue ruptures and loses its integrity
Describe Creep
Time dependent property
depends on the amount of force
Describe GTOs
Near musculotendinous junction
Autogenic inhibition
Force muscle to relax
Describe muscle spindles
Reciprocal inhibition
When stressed send signal to relax the antagonist muscles
What are the contraindications for stretching
Recent failure acute inflammation acute pain with muscle lengthening Hematoma of tissue trauma when tightness is desired for some function
What are the supporting structures for nerves
Vasa nervorum - blood supply
Nervi nervorum - innervation
Describe the axonal transport system
Antegrade - neurotransmitters, cytoskeleton material
Retrograde - recycled materials
What are the 6 mechanisms
of nerve injury
Compression Stretch Laceration Radiation Injection electricity
What is the difference between intra neural and extra neural pathologies
Intra - pathology that affects the conducting tissue of the nerve itself
Extra - pathology that affects the nerve bed or mechanical interface
What are the 3 Seddon levels of nerve in jury
Neuropraxia - temporary loss of blood supply Axonotmesis - loss of axon continuity Neurotmesis - complete severance
describe the double crush syndrome
2 compressions are worse than one
What are the contraindications for neurodynamic testing
Acute or unstable neurological signs
Cuada equina symptoms
Spinal cord injury
Neoplasm and infection
Median
C5-T1 Scalene Costoclavicular Pec minor Ligament of Struthers Biceps aponeurosis Pronator Teres Carpal tunnel
