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Final Exam GLOBAL 9H Flashcards

test 6/17/22 (75 cards)

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1
Q

***Machiavelli’s quotes

A

1) end justifies the means

2) better to be feared than loved

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2
Q

***Type of government of the Mayas

A

de-centralized but had a trading center - TIKAL***

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3
Q

Mayans location

A

Mexico & parts of Central America

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4
Q

Achievements of the Mayas

A

math & science (called Greeks of the New World)

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5
Q

Why did Mayan’s decline?

A

no one knew

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6
Q

Aztec’s location

A

capital = Tenochitlan

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7
Q

Aztecs government

A

centralized - one king was a God

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8
Q

Aztec Achievements

A

Chinampas (floating gardens), gigantic empire, known for human sacrifice

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9
Q

Why did Aztecs decline?

A

Cortes - Spanish conquestador

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10
Q

Inca’s location

A

Chile + Peru

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11
Q

Inca’s Government

A

centralized - King was a God

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12
Q

Inca Achievements

A

Terrace farming (mountain farming), ROADS, quipo (system of writing but they were illiterate)

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13
Q

Why did Inca’s decline?

A

Pizzaro - Spanish conquestador

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14
Q

Islam

A

MONOTHEISTIC - Allah

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15
Q

Books of Islam

A 
Kuran = most important
Sharia = interpreted law book
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16
Q

Pillars of Islam

A

1 = no God but God

OTHERS
journey to Mecca (Hajj)
give alms to poor
pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
fasting during Ramadan
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17
Q

Founder of Islam

A

Muhammad

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18
Q

Why was Islam successful

A

attacked weak neighbors, united by faith, had camels (faster)

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19
Q

Split of Islam

A

SCHISM
fight over who is caliph after Muhammad

#1 Shia/Shittes - leader should be a descendent to Muhammad
#2 Sunni - anyone could be the leader
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20
Q

Dynasties of Islam

A

ABBASID = Golden Age
- medicine and math

Umayyad - not as important

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21
Q

***Islam Conquered

A

SPAIN

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22
Q

Geography of Africa

A
  • palisades (huge cliffs)
  • cataracts (currents and rapids)
  • Rivers - Nile, Niger and Senegal
  • deserts - Sahara + Kalahari
  • titisee fly - African sleep sickness
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23
Q

Kingdoms of Africa IN ORDER

A

Ghana -> Mali -> Songhai

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24
Q

Africa trade

A

TransSaharan trade route = SALT AND GOLD

north = salt (preserved food, and needed in diet)
western = gold
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25
George Washington of Mali Empire
Sundiatta
26
Most famous African ruler
MONSAMUSA had a famous hajj, stopped in Egypt, gave gold, hurt economy (10 years) long term effect - people moved to Timbuktu (his capital)
27
Japan Geography
archipelago (small islands) - like Greece
28
Japan's religion
polytheistic + animists + nature = SHINTO
29
Japan social pyramid
emperor (powerless) -> shogun (military general) -> Daimyo (land owners) -> Samari
30
***Code Samari's follows
CODE OF BUSHIDO (like chivalry)
31
***Important family in Japan
TOKUGOWA SHOGUN = centralized Japan passed SECLUSION ACT (closed doors to outside)
32
***Mongols that took over China
Yuan Dynasty | run by Kublai Khan
33
Who kicked the Mongols out?
Ming Dynasty
34
***Who was an important person for the Ming Dynasty
Zheng He
35
Who were the mongols who owned India?
Mughal Dynasty | run by Akbar the Great
36
***What was Korea's nickname?
"shrimp among whales"
37
William the Conqueror
English King in feudal Eurpe Won the Battle of Hastings - took over england King of England and Normady
38
Henry ll
accidently killed Thomas Beckett | 2 kids = Richard Lionheart and John the Loser
39
John king of England
lost to Pope, France, and own nobles
40
Battle of Tours
stopped Muslims from advancing to France | won by Charles Martel
41
***Holy Roman Emperor problems
Charlemagne bowed to Pope proving power Barbarossa spending time in Italy, decreased power of HRE (decentralized)
42
Catholic Church was...
the most powerful and stable institution in Middle Ages
43
Feudalism vs manoralism
feudalism was POLITICAL (protection FOR land) manorialism was ECONOMICAL (self sufficient) no trade was needed because everything was in a manor
44
***Machiavelli book
Prince - shaped political thought
45
***What made everyone want to trade in the Middle Ages?
COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION - insured goods
46
***Thomas Aquinas
SCHOLASTICISM = using logic and faith to support Christian teachings
47
***Key of gothic architecture
Flying buttresses (support pillars)
48
Crusades was for
Gold, God, Glory
49
name for Crusades and WHY
"worlds most successful failure" - plague, failed goal - trade, cultural diffusion, exploration
50
***Canterbury Tale
By Chaucer book on pilgrims visiting Thomas Beckett's grave
51
Where did the Renaissance start and WHY
Italy - finished plague first - had $ - rebirth of Rome ideas took place in Italy for a reason
52
Artists of Renaissance
Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, and Donatello
53
patron
financial supporter | most important = Medici family (Lorenzo)
54
Luther
hated INDULGENCES (pay church for sins), did NOT recant, wrote the 95 Thesis
55
***John Calvin
PREDESTINATION (predetermined place after death) | wrote the Institutes of Christian religion
56
***John Calvin's followers named...
"God's chosen elect"
57
***Henry Vlll wrote...
Act of Supremacy
58
***Northern vs Southern Renaissance
South (Italy) = ART | North = change
59
Catholic Reformation
Catholic Church countering Protestant formations
60
Exploration cause
To avoid MIDDLEMEN (Muslims and Italians TAX) | find a DIFFERENT way
61
The Encounter
COLUMBUS
62
Columbian Exchange
Trade of food and animals | BAD for America --> received diseases
63
Vasco Da Gama
first to reach southern tip of Africa
64
Magellan
first to "circumnavigate" the globe | died in Philippines (discovered for Spain)
65
Pizarro
killed Incas
66
Cortes
killed Aztecs
67
Why did the conquistadors defeat natives?
had better technologies, division of natives, thought they were Gods
68
encomienda
plantation system using whips and force
69
***Las Casas
priest who wrote letters to help natives
70
Social pyramid from exploration
``` Peninsulares (Spanish) Creoles (Spanish descendants) Mestizo (Europe and Native parents) Mulatto (African and Europe parents) Natives ```
71
mercantilism
raw materials -> Europe -> sell back Colonies existed for the good of the MOTHER COUNTRY
72
TransAtlantic / Triangular Trade
Slaves from Africa | Raw materials for Americas
73
Middle Passage
Slaves from Africa -> America
74
***Absolutism in Europe
England was different than others because in the end the kings had ZERO POWER
75
***Peter the Great
tried to WESTERNIZE Russia (rich people)

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