Final Exam GLOBAL 9H Flashcards
test 6/17/22
***Machiavelli’s quotes
1) end justifies the means
2) better to be feared than loved
***Type of government of the Mayas
de-centralized but had a trading center - TIKAL***
Mayans location
Mexico & parts of Central America
Achievements of the Mayas
math & science (called Greeks of the New World)
Why did Mayan’s decline?
no one knew
Aztec’s location
capital = Tenochitlan
Aztecs government
centralized - one king was a God
Aztec Achievements
Chinampas (floating gardens), gigantic empire, known for human sacrifice
Why did Aztecs decline?
Cortes - Spanish conquestador
Inca’s location
Chile + Peru
Inca’s Government
centralized - King was a God
Inca Achievements
Terrace farming (mountain farming), ROADS, quipo (system of writing but they were illiterate)
Why did Inca’s decline?
Pizzaro - Spanish conquestador
Islam
MONOTHEISTIC - Allah
Books of Islam
Kuran = most important Sharia = interpreted law book
Pillars of Islam
1 = no God but God
OTHERS journey to Mecca (Hajj) give alms to poor pray 5 times a day facing Mecca fasting during Ramadan
Founder of Islam
Muhammad
Why was Islam successful
attacked weak neighbors, united by faith, had camels (faster)
Split of Islam
SCHISM
fight over who is caliph after Muhammad
#1 Shia/Shittes - leader should be a descendent to Muhammad #2 Sunni - anyone could be the leader
Dynasties of Islam
ABBASID = Golden Age
- medicine and math
Umayyad - not as important
***Islam Conquered
SPAIN
Geography of Africa
- palisades (huge cliffs)
- cataracts (currents and rapids)
- Rivers - Nile, Niger and Senegal
- deserts - Sahara + Kalahari
- titisee fly - African sleep sickness
Kingdoms of Africa IN ORDER
Ghana -> Mali -> Songhai
Africa trade
TransSaharan trade route = SALT AND GOLD
north = salt (preserved food, and needed in diet) western = gold
George Washington of Mali Empire
Sundiatta
Most famous African ruler
MONSAMUSA
had a famous hajj, stopped in Egypt, gave gold, hurt economy (10 years)
long term effect - people moved to Timbuktu (his capital)
Japan Geography
archipelago (small islands) - like Greece
Japan’s religion
polytheistic + animists + nature = SHINTO
Japan social pyramid
emperor (powerless) -> shogun (military general) -> Daimyo (land owners) -> Samari
***Code Samari’s follows
CODE OF BUSHIDO (like chivalry)
***Important family in Japan
TOKUGOWA SHOGUN = centralized Japan
passed SECLUSION ACT (closed doors to outside)
***Mongols that took over China
Yuan Dynasty
run by Kublai Khan
Who kicked the Mongols out?
Ming Dynasty
***Who was an important person for the Ming Dynasty
Zheng He
Who were the mongols who owned India?
Mughal Dynasty
run by Akbar the Great
***What was Korea’s nickname?
“shrimp among whales”
William the Conqueror
English King in feudal Eurpe
Won the Battle of Hastings - took over england
King of England and Normady
Henry ll
accidently killed Thomas Beckett
2 kids = Richard Lionheart and John the Loser
John king of England
lost to Pope, France, and own nobles
Battle of Tours
stopped Muslims from advancing to France
won by Charles Martel
***Holy Roman Emperor problems
Charlemagne bowed to Pope proving power
Barbarossa spending time in Italy, decreased power of HRE (decentralized)
Catholic Church was…
the most powerful and stable institution in Middle Ages
Feudalism vs manoralism
feudalism was POLITICAL (protection FOR land)
manorialism was ECONOMICAL (self sufficient) no trade was needed because everything was in a manor
***Machiavelli book
Prince - shaped political thought
***What made everyone want to trade in the Middle Ages?
COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION - insured goods
***Thomas Aquinas
SCHOLASTICISM = using logic and faith to support Christian teachings
***Key of gothic architecture
Flying buttresses (support pillars)
Crusades was for
Gold, God, Glory
name for Crusades and WHY
“worlds most successful failure”
- plague, failed goal
- trade, cultural diffusion, exploration
***Canterbury Tale
By Chaucer
book on pilgrims visiting Thomas Beckett’s grave
Where did the Renaissance start and WHY
Italy
- finished plague first
- had $
- rebirth of Rome ideas took place in Italy for a reason
Artists of Renaissance
Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, and Donatello
patron
financial supporter
most important = Medici family (Lorenzo)
Luther
hated INDULGENCES (pay church for sins), did NOT recant, wrote the 95 Thesis
***John Calvin
PREDESTINATION (predetermined place after death)
wrote the Institutes of Christian religion
***John Calvin’s followers named…
“God’s chosen elect”
***Henry Vlll wrote…
Act of Supremacy
***Northern vs Southern Renaissance
South (Italy) = ART
North = change
Catholic Reformation
Catholic Church countering Protestant formations
Exploration cause
To avoid MIDDLEMEN (Muslims and Italians TAX)
find a DIFFERENT way
The Encounter
COLUMBUS
Columbian Exchange
Trade of food and animals
BAD for America –> received diseases
Vasco Da Gama
first to reach southern tip of Africa
Magellan
first to “circumnavigate” the globe
died in Philippines (discovered for Spain)
Pizarro
killed Incas
Cortes
killed Aztecs
Why did the conquistadors defeat natives?
had better technologies, division of natives, thought they were Gods
encomienda
plantation system using whips and force
***Las Casas
priest who wrote letters to help natives
Social pyramid from exploration
Peninsulares (Spanish) Creoles (Spanish descendants) Mestizo (Europe and Native parents) Mulatto (African and Europe parents) Natives
mercantilism
raw materials -> Europe -> sell back
Colonies existed for the good of the MOTHER COUNTRY
TransAtlantic / Triangular Trade
Slaves from Africa
Raw materials for Americas
Middle Passage
Slaves from Africa -> America
***Absolutism in Europe
England was different than others because in the end the kings had ZERO POWER
***Peter the Great
tried to WESTERNIZE Russia (rich people)
