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Gen Chem 1 > Final Exam (Gen Chem 1) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Gen Chem 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Intensive

A

independent of the amount of substance present (color, temp, density)

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2
Q

Extensive

A

dependent of amount of substance present (weight, volume, mass, distances, energy, pressure)

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3
Q

tera (T)

A

10^12

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4
Q

giga (G)

A

10^9

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5
Q

mega (M)

A

10^6

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6
Q

kilo (k)

A

10^3

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7
Q

deci (d)

A

10^-1

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8
Q

centi (c)

A

10^-2

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9
Q

milli (m)

A

10^-3

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10
Q

micro (μ)

A

10^-6

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11
Q

nano (n)

A

10^-9

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12
Q

angstrom (Å)

A

10^-10

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13
Q

pico (p)

A

10^-12

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14
Q

femto (f)

A

10^-15

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15
Q

1A

A

Alkali metals

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16
Q

2A

A

Alkali earth metals

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17
Q

6A

A

Chalcogens

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18
Q

7A

A

Halogens

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19
Q

8A

A

Noble gas

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20
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

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21
Q

Cations

A

Metals

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22
Q

Anions

A

Nonmetals

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23
Q

4 atom nomenclature

A

Prefix: per-
Ending: ate

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24
Q

3 atom nomenclature

A

Ending: -ate

25
Q

2 atom nomenclature

A

Ending: -ite

26
Q

1 atom nomenclature

A

Prefix: hypo-
Ending: -ite

27
Q

Acid nomenclature

H + __ide

A

Hydro__ic acid

28
Q

Acid nomenclature

H + ___ate

A

___ic acid

29
Q

Acid nomenclature

H + ___ite

A

___ous acid

30
Q

Strong electrolyte

A

100% ions

31
Q

Weak electrolyte

A

% varies

32
Q

Non electrolyte

A

0% ions

33
Q

Oxidation

A

Lose electrons (more +)

34
Q

Reduction

A

Gain electrons (less +)

35
Q

LEO says GER

A

L: lose
E: electrons
O: oxidation

G: gain
E: electrons
R: reduction

36
Q

OIL RIG

A

O: oxidation
I: is
L: loss of electrons

R: reduction
I: is
G: gain of electrons

37
Q

Dilution

A

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

38
Q

Energy is consumed when

A

Chemical bonds are broken

39
Q

Energy is released when

A

Chemical bonds are formed

40
Q

Endothermic

A

Absorbed by system

INdothermic

41
Q

Exothermic

A

Released by system

42
Q

Polychromatic light source

A

Continuous spectrum

Many wavelengths

43
Q

Monochromatic

A

One wavelength

44
Q

Determining Empirical Formulas

A
  1. convert % composition of each element to mass of each element
  2. Use molar mass to find moles of each element
  3. calculate mole ratio for each element by dividing by smallest # from 2
  4. If answers from 3 are not whole #s, multiply all values by a factor to create whole #s
45
Q

Ladder Diagram

Absorb E

A

move up ladder

46
Q

Ladder Diagram

Emit E

A

move down ladder

47
Q

Ground State

A

lowest energy orbit

48
Q

excited state

A

all higher energy orbits

49
Q

high wavelength

A

low frequency

50
Q

high energy

A

high frequency

51
Q

high wavelength

A

low energy

52
Q

Effective Nuclear Charge (Z eff) trend

A

Across (l-r): ⬆️

Down: ⬆️ slightly

53
Q

Atomic/Ionic size trend

A

Across (l-r): ⬇️

Down: ⬆️

54
Q

ionization energy trend

A

Across (l-r): ⬆️

Down: ⬇️

55
Q

electron affinity trend

A

Across (l-r): More negative

Down: less negative

56
Q

electronegativity trend

A

Across (l-r): ⬆️

Down: ⬇️

57
Q

Non-polar covalent

A

Equal Sharing of electrons

(Ex) identical atoms

58
Q

Polar covalent

A

unequal sharing of electrons

(Ex) 2 diff. nonmetals/metalloids

59
Q

Ionic bonds

A

transfer of electrons from cations to anions

(Ex) metal/nonmetal

Gen Chem 1 (2 decks)

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