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Interpersonal Communication Exam > Final Exam Flashcards > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Intimacy

A

a connection between two people that includes psychological, emotional, and behavioral bonds

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2
Q

Components of Intimacy

A

closeness, openness, trust, affection, mutuality

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3
Q

Closeness

A

a feeling of union between two people that emerges when people spend time together and influence one another’s actions and beliefs

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4
Q

Openness

A

our willingness to reveal private information about ourselves to a relationship partner through self disclosure

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5
Q

Trust

A

the feeling that a relationship partner will keep us safe and protect us from harm

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6
Q

Affection

A

the positive feelings that we have for another person that we communicate through our actions with that person

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7
Q

Mutuality

A

when both partners in a relationship acknowledge and value the bond that exists between them

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8
Q

Johnson’s Conceptualization of Commitment

A

have to (no alternatives, can’t leave), ought to (moral obligation, other’s expectations), want to (emotional desire for partner)

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9
Q

Love Styles- Eros

A

love characterized by beauty and sexuality

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10
Q

Love Style- Ludus

A

love characterized as a game that is entertaining and exciting

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11
Q

Love Styles- Storge

A

love characterized as peaceful and grounded in friendship

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12
Q

Relational Dialectics

A

autonomy v. connection, novelty v. predictability, openness v. closedness

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13
Q

Love Languages (Chapman’s work)

A

words of affirmation, quality time, receiving gifts, acts of service, physical touch

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14
Q

Relational Maintenance Behaviors

A

the actions people take to keep their relationship in a desired state

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15
Q

Friendships Across the Lifespan

A

early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early/middle adulthood, older adulthood

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16
Q

Goals

A

end-states or outcomes that a person seeks to achieve or maintain

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17
Q

Primary Goal

A

the influence goal that motivates the interaction

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18
Q

Secondary Goals

A

considerations other than the primary goal that arise during interpersonal influence interactions and shape communication strategies

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19
Q

Options for Pursuing Multiple Goals

A

prioritize, pursue goals in sequence, pursue all goals simultaneously

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20
Q

Politeness Theory

A

a set of assumptions about how intimacy and power are related to the use of more or less polite influence messages

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21
Q

Positive Face

A

the desire to be well-liked and admired by others

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22
Q

Negative Face

A

the desire to be autonomous and unconstrained

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23
Q

Face Threatening Act

A

a request for compliance that violates one’s positive or negative face

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24
Q

Types of Power

A

coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, reward

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25
Q

Coercive Power

A

the ability to use threats and punishment to gain compliance

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26
Q

Reward Power

A

the ability to use incentives to gain compliance

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27
Q

Legitimate Power

A

the degree of power gained by one’s position or title

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28
Q

Referent Power

A

the extent to which individuals are well-liked and admired

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29
Q

Expert Power

A

the extent to which individuals have information, knowledge, and expertise on a given topic

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30
Q

Types of Influence Goals

A

gain assistance, give advice, change orientation, obtain permission, enforce rights + obligations

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31
Q

Characteristics of Compliance-Seeking Messages

A

explicitness, dominance, argument

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32
Q

Explicitness

A

the degree to which a message clearly reveals the speaker’s intentions

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33
Q

Dominance

A

the extent to which a speaker expresses power through the form and content of an influence message

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34
Q

Argument

A

the degree to which reasons are given for complying with a request

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35
Q

Politeness Strategies

A

bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness

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36
Q

Bald-On-Record Strategy

A

used to straightforwardly address the other person or the hearer to express the speakers needs

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37
Q

Positive Politeness Strategy

A

intended to avoid giving offense by highlighting friendliness, seeks to minimize threat to the hearer’s positive face, seeks to make hearer feel good about themselves

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38
Q

Negative Politeness Strategy

A

oriented towards the hearer’s negative face, emphasizes avoidance of imposition on hearer

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39
Q

Criteria Defining Conflict

A

interdependence, perceived incompatible goals, interference, negative emotions

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40
Q

Levels of Conflict

A

problematic behavior, relationship roles, undesirable traits

41
Q

Problematic Behavior

A

the conflict stems from specific actions performed by the other person

42
Q

Relationship Roles

A

the conflict stems from the other person’s violations of expectations or norms for the relationship

43
Q

Undesirable Traits

A

the conflict stems from the other person’s problematic personality or enduring qualities

44
Q

Conflict Goals

A

the outcomes a person hopes to achieve at the end of a dispute

45
Q

Types of Conflict

A

instrumental, relational, identity (self + other), process

46
Q

Instrumental Goals

A

specific or tangible resources or benefits a person hopes to gain or retain (ex: money, goods, resources, information)

47
Q

Relational Goals

A

the type of relationship a person wants to have with a partner at the end of the conflict

48
Q

Identity Goals (self)

A

the self image that a person wants to project or protect during a conflict

49
Q

Identity Goals (other)

A

the self image that a person wants the partner to have at the end of the conflict

50
Q

Process Goals

A

the steps or rules for conflict that a person wants to follow; preferences about how to manage conflict

51
Q

4 Conflict Styles

A

dominating, integrating, obliging, avoiding

52
Q

Dominating Conflict Style

A

involves confronting problems, competing with a partner, and trying to win (Pros: can be effective during difficult situations; Cons: can be perceived as aggressive, confrontational, and uncooperative)

53
Q

Integrating Conflict Style

A

involves collaborating with a partner to find a solution that is satisfying to everyone (Pros: makes all parties feel valued and understood; Cons: may not be a solution that provides exact victory for all parties involved)

54
Q

Obliging Conflict Style

A

involves accommodating or giving in to a conflict partner’s needs and desires (Pros: useful to preserve relationships; Cons: creates power imbalances, limits ability to solve complex problems)

55
Q

Avoiding Conflict Style

A

involves trying to limit communication about a conflict situation (Pros: allows time to think + gather info + cool down; Cons: doesn’t address long term goals, causes tension, projects passive-aggressiveness or lack of concern)

56
Q

The Chilling Effect

A

occurs when we suppress complaints and expressions of dissatisfaction or anger from someone we perceive as more powerful than us, because we fear that the more powerful person could punish us

57
Q

Levels of Confirmation + Disconfirmation

A

recognition, acknowledgement, endorsement

58
Q

Verbal Person Centerdeness

A

a quality of messages that validate, recognize, or acknowledge the recipients feelings and experiences

59
Q

Types of Support

A

informational, emotional, network, tangible, esteem

60
Q

Informational Support

A

messages that give advice or point out helpful facts

61
Q

Emotional Support

A

verbal messages that focus on how a person is feeling and attempt to make that person feel better

62
Q

Network Support

A

messages that link someone in distress to others who can help

63
Q

Tangible Support

A

practical aid that addresses the source of a person’s distress

64
Q

Esteem Support

A

messages that point out positive personal qualities

65
Q

Support Communication Strategies

A

solace, escape, dismiss, solve

66
Q

Solace

A

combines approach based and emotion focused messages to elicit positive emotions and foster intimacy

67
Q

Solve

A

combines approach based and task focused messages to find solutions to the problem

68
Q

Escape

A

combines avoidance based and emotion focused messages to discourage the experience and expression of negative emotion

69
Q

Dismiss

A

combines avoidance based and task focused messages to minimize the significance of the problem

70
Q

Problem-Focused Coping

A

addressing a difficult situation by focusing on understanding and resolving it

71
Q

Emotion-Focused Coping

A

addressing a difficult situation by focusing on controlling the negative feelings + distress that it generates

72
Q

Cold Comfort

A

messages that provide limited consolation, sympathy, or encouragement in response to serious distress

73
Q

Ways to expand your comforting toolkit

A

focus on feelings, help speaker clarify feelings

74
Q

Norm of Reciprocity

A

tendency to match our own disclosures to those made by our partner

75
Q

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

A

uncertainty stems from a lack of information, we can reduce it through gathering information about a person (self disclosure and norm of reciprocity)

76
Q

Relational Uncertainty

A

the lack of knowledge people have about their relationships

77
Q

Social Penetration Theory

A

a description of relationship escalation that focuses on how communication allows partners to get to know each other

78
Q

The Development of Friendships

A

meeting, fledgling friendships, private rules for interacting develop, stabilized friendship

79
Q

Emotional closeness through dialogue v. doing

A

intimate conversations can lead to friends building a deep sense of connection

80
Q

Gottman’s 4 Horsemen of the Apocolypse

A

criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling

81
Q

Secret Tests

A

covert actions designed to reveal information about a partner’s involvement

82
Q

Grave Dressing Phase of Relationship Dissolution

A

when a person who has left their relationship attempts to justify their actions, often because they are attempting to present themselves in a positive light in order to attract a new partner

83
Q

Family

A

a network of people who create a sense of home, share a collective identity, experience a common history, and envision a similar future

84
Q

Conversation Orientation

A

the extent to which a family encourages communication about a wide variety of topics

85
Q

Conformity Orientation

A

the extent to which the family encourages members to have similar attitudes, beliefs, and values

86
Q

Pluralistic Family

A

families whose members are encouraged to express individuality and embrace differences (high in conversation orientation and low in conformity orientation)

87
Q

Consensual Family

A

families whose members use open communication to coordinate activities around a united family front (high in conversation orientation and high in conformity orientation)

88
Q

Laissez-Fair Family

A

families in which members have little contact with one another and aren’t expected to share a similar pov (low in conversation orientation and low in conformity orientation)

89
Q

Protective Family

A

families whose members do not communicate freely, discourage differences, and respect authority (low in conversation orientation and high in conformity orientation)

90
Q

Functions of the Family

A

protection, socialization (family socialization), educate about traditions + beliefs in culture (transmission), emotional support + comfort

91
Q

Family Socialization

A

the process by which parents teach their children behaviors that are appropriate, expected, moral, or polite

92
Q

Transmission

A

the teaching of cultural practices from one generation to the next

93
Q

Functions of the Family Secret

A

create + maintain intimacy, cohesiveness, protecting family structure, avoid social disapproval

94
Q

Systems Theory

A

a general perspective that emphasizes how different objects work together to form a larger entity

95
Q

4 Marital Types

A

traditional marriage, independent marriage, separate marriage, mixed marriage

96
Q

Traditional Marriage

A

a union characterized by a clear division of labor, companionship, and cooperation

97
Q

Independent Marriage

A

a union characterized by an emphasis on quality time together, individuality, and frequent negotiation of household tasks

98
Q

Separate Marriage

A

a union characterized by a clear division of labor, psychological and emotional distance, and a strong commitment to the relationship

99
Q

Mixed Marriage

A

a union in which the partners differ in their preferences for a traditional, independent, or separate relationship

Interpersonal Communication Exam (1 decks)

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