Final exam flash cards

Question 1

what are the main enzyme(s) in glycogenolysis?

Answer 1

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 2

what are the main enzyme(s) in Glycolysis

Answer 2

Hexokinase (Glucokinase),
Phosphofructokinase,
Pyruvate kinase

Question 3

what are the main enzyme(s) in making lactate

Answer 3

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 4

what are the main enzyme(s) in making alanine

Answer 4

Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT)

Question 5

what are the main enzyme(s) in the prep step?

Answer 5

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 6

what are the main enzyme(s) in lipolysis

Answer 6

Lipases:

• Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
• Hormone sensitive lipase
• monoacylglycerol lipase

Question 7

what are the main enzyme(s) in beta oxidation (OHOT)?

Answer 7

Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase

Question 8

what are the main enzyme(s) in citric acid cycle

Answer 8

Citrate synthase, (Can U)
isocitrate dehydrogenase, (Inhibit)
alpha KG dehydrogenase, ( A)
Succinate theokinase, (Sex)
Succinate dyhydro, (Scandal)
Fumerate (From)
Malate dehydro (Media)

Question 9

what are the main enzyme(s) in pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 9

glucose 6 phosphate dehydro

Question 10

what are the main enzyme(s) in glycogen synthesis

Answer 10

glycogen synthase

Question 11

what are the main enzyme(s) in fat synthesis

Answer 11

Citrate lyase,
acetyle CoA carboxylase,
fatty acid synthase

Question 12

what are the main enzyme(s) in Cholesterol Synthesis

Answer 12

HMG CoA reductase

Question 13

what are the main enzyme(s) in Gluconeogenesis?

Answer 13

Pyruvate Carboxylase,
PEP Carboxykinase
Glucose 6 Phosphatase
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase

Question 14

what are the main enzyme(s) in Alcohol Metabolism

Answer 14

alcohol dehydrogenase MEOS

Question 15

what are the main enzyme(s) in Glutamine-Glutamate pathways

Answer 15

Glutamine synthetase

Question 16

what are the stimulants for Glycogenolysis?

Answer 16

low energy charge (ADP,AMP)
glucagon (liver)
calcium (muscle)

Question 17

what are the stimulants for glycolysis

Answer 17

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
Insulin
glucose

Question 18

what are the stimulants for making lactate

Answer 18

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
Pyruvate (exercise)
NADH (alcohol)

Question 19

what are the stimulants for making alanine

Answer 19

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),

Pyruvate

Question 20

what are the stimulants for prep step

Answer 20

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
NAD+
CoA

Question 21

what are the stimulants for lipolysis

Answer 21

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
glucagon,
epinephrine/norepinephrine
cortisol

Question 22

what are the stimulants for beta oxidation (OHOT)

Answer 22

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
Glucagon,
NAD+, FAD

Question 23

what are the stimulants for the citric acid cycle

Answer 23

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),

NAD+,FAD

Question 24

what are the stimulants for the pentose phosphate pathway (plus 4 things NADPH is used for)

Answer 24

NADP+
Things that use up NADPH
-reductive biosynthesis
-antioxidant regeneration
-Respiratory Bursts
-Detoxification

Question 25

what are the stimulants for glycogen synthesis

Answer 25

high energy charge (ATP) insulin glucose low glycogen concentration

Question 26

what are the stimulants for fat synthesis

Answer 26

high energy charge (ATP) insulin NADH, FADH2 citrate

Question 27

what are the stimulants for cholesterol synthesis

Answer 27

high energy charge (ATP) insulin NADH, FADH2 citrate

Question 28

what are the stimulants for gluconeogenesis

Answer 28

glucagon (liver) | low blood glucose

Question 29

what are the stimulants for alcohol metabolism

Answer 29

ethanol (alcohol)

Question 30

what are the stimulants for the glutamine-glutamate pathway

Answer 30

Leucine, Isoleucine, valine and glutamate

Question 31

what inhibits glycogenolysis

Answer 31

high energy charge (ATP) insulin glucose

Question 32

what inhibits glycolysis

Answer 32

high energy charge (ATP), glucagon (liver) pyruvate, alanine, and or lactate citrate

Question 33

what inhibits making lactate

Answer 33

``` high energy charge (ATP) low pH (lactic acid) ```

Question 34

what inhibits making alanine

Answer 34

high energy charge (ATP)

Question 35

what inhibits the prep step

Answer 35

high energy charge (ATP) NADH Acetyl CoA

Question 36

what inhibits lipolysis

Answer 36

high energy charge (ATP) | Insulin

Question 37

what inhibits Beta Oxidation (OHOT)

Answer 37

high energy charge (ATP) Insulin NADH, FADH2

Question 38

what inhibits the citric acid cycle

Answer 38

high energy charge (ATP) | NADH, FADH2

Question 39

What inhibits the Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 39

NADPH, Ribose, Low energy charge (ADP, AMP)

Question 40

what inhibits glycogen synthesis

Answer 40

Low energy charge (ADP, AMP) | glucagon (liver)

Question 41

what inhibits fat synthesis

Answer 41

Low energy charge (ADP, AMP) glucagon (liver) NAD+, FAD

Question 42

what inhibits cholesterol synthesis

Answer 42

cholesteral Low energy charge (ADP, AMP) NAD+,FAD

Question 43

what inhibits gluconeogenesis

Answer 43

Insulin, glucose, low energy charge (ADP, AMP)

Question 44

what inhibits alcohol metabolism

Answer 44

when alcohol is metabolized it produces NADH NADH inhibits fat burning and the Kreb's cycle NADH stimulates lactate and fat synthsis

Question 45

what inhibits glutamine-glutamate pathway

Answer 45

glutamine