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Final exam flash cards

1
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen Phosphorylase

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2
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in Glycolysis

A

Hexokinase (Glucokinase),
Phosphofructokinase,
Pyruvate kinase

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3
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in making lactate

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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4
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in making alanine

A

Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT)

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5
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in the prep step?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

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6
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in lipolysis

A

Lipases:

  • Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
  • Hormone sensitive lipase
  • monoacylglycerol lipase
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7
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in beta oxidation (OHOT)?

A

Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase

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8
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in citric acid cycle

A 
Citrate synthase, (Can U)
isocitrate dehydrogenase, (Inhibit)
alpha KG dehydrogenase, ( A)
Succinate theokinase, (Sex)
Succinate dyhydro, (Scandal)
Fumerate (From)
Malate dehydro (Media)
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9
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in pentose phosphate pathway

A

glucose 6 phosphate dehydro

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10
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in glycogen synthesis

A

glycogen synthase

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11
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in fat synthesis

A

Citrate lyase,
acetyle CoA carboxylase,
fatty acid synthase

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12
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in Cholesterol Synthesis

A

HMG CoA reductase

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13
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in Gluconeogenesis?

A

Pyruvate Carboxylase,
PEP Carboxykinase
Glucose 6 Phosphatase
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase

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14
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in Alcohol Metabolism

A

alcohol dehydrogenase MEOS

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15
Q

what are the main enzyme(s) in Glutamine-Glutamate pathways

A

Glutamine synthetase

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16
Q

what are the stimulants for Glycogenolysis?

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP)
glucagon (liver)
calcium (muscle)

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17
Q

what are the stimulants for glycolysis

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
Insulin
glucose

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18
Q

what are the stimulants for making lactate

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
Pyruvate (exercise)
NADH (alcohol)

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19
Q

what are the stimulants for making alanine

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),

Pyruvate

20
Q

what are the stimulants for prep step

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
NAD+
CoA

21
Q

what are the stimulants for lipolysis

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
glucagon,
epinephrine/norepinephrine
cortisol

22
Q

what are the stimulants for beta oxidation (OHOT)

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),
Glucagon,
NAD+, FAD

23
Q

what are the stimulants for the citric acid cycle

A

low energy charge (ADP,AMP),

NAD+,FAD

24
Q

what are the stimulants for the pentose phosphate pathway (plus 4 things NADPH is used for)

A 
NADP+
Things that use up NADPH
-reductive biosynthesis
-antioxidant regeneration
-Respiratory Bursts
-Detoxification
25
Q

what are the stimulants for glycogen synthesis

A

high energy charge (ATP)
insulin
glucose
low glycogen concentration

26
Q

what are the stimulants for fat synthesis

A

high energy charge (ATP)
insulin
NADH, FADH2
citrate

27
Q

what are the stimulants for cholesterol synthesis

A

high energy charge (ATP)
insulin
NADH, FADH2
citrate

28
Q

what are the stimulants for gluconeogenesis

A

glucagon (liver)

low blood glucose

29
Q

what are the stimulants for alcohol metabolism

A

ethanol (alcohol)

30
Q

what are the stimulants for the glutamine-glutamate pathway

A

Leucine, Isoleucine, valine and glutamate

31
Q

what inhibits glycogenolysis

A

high energy charge (ATP)
insulin
glucose

32
Q

what inhibits glycolysis

A

high energy charge (ATP),
glucagon (liver)
pyruvate, alanine, and or lactate
citrate

33
Q

what inhibits making lactate

A 
high energy charge (ATP)
low pH (lactic acid)
34
Q

what inhibits making alanine

A

high energy charge (ATP)

35
Q

what inhibits the prep step

A

high energy charge (ATP)
NADH
Acetyl CoA

36
Q

what inhibits lipolysis

A

high energy charge (ATP)

Insulin

37
Q

what inhibits Beta Oxidation (OHOT)

A

high energy charge (ATP)
Insulin
NADH, FADH2

38
Q

what inhibits the citric acid cycle

A

high energy charge (ATP)

NADH, FADH2

39
Q

What inhibits the Pentose phosphate pathway

A

NADPH,
Ribose,
Low energy charge (ADP, AMP)

40
Q

what inhibits glycogen synthesis

A

Low energy charge (ADP, AMP)

glucagon (liver)

41
Q

what inhibits fat synthesis

A

Low energy charge (ADP, AMP)
glucagon (liver)
NAD+, FAD

42
Q

what inhibits cholesterol synthesis

A

cholesteral
Low energy charge (ADP, AMP)
NAD+,FAD

43
Q

what inhibits gluconeogenesis

A

Insulin,
glucose,
low energy charge (ADP, AMP)

44
Q

what inhibits alcohol metabolism

A

when alcohol is metabolized it produces NADH
NADH inhibits fat burning and the Kreb’s cycle
NADH stimulates lactate and fat synthsis

45
Q

what inhibits glutamine-glutamate pathway

Palmer Biochemistry 2-GM (1 decks)

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